For the purpose of making a comparative study of protein compositions in Ascaris suum by sexes and body parts, extracts were prepared from whole bodies, body walls, genital organs, digestive organs and body fluid, of both sexes. And electrophoretic analysis was conducted using polyacrylamide slab gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The results were as follows: In this study, protein bands of each part were separated in the largest number and most clearly under 8 -12 percent (10 percent) gradient gel condition. The number of bands by body parts was 43 in body walls, 51 in genital organs, 47 in digestive organs, and 34 in body fluid. When examined in terms of sex, the number of bands of whole body was 38 in females and 35 in males. The electrophoretic patterns of body wall protein were in most cases similar with those seen in digestive organs. And the band with a molecular weight of 72,900 was unique to the body wall, and the 122,000 MW band was unique to the female body wall. In genital organ extracts, large molecular weight proteins (more than 80,000) were more frequently met. The molecular weights showed some differences between the two sexes. Of the bands, those having molecular weights of 119,700, 100,500, 88,500 and 86,100 were unique to the female genital organs. On the other hand, the male genital organs showed unique bands having molecular weights of 87,100, 82,800, and 15,500. An unique band common to the genital organs of both sexes was one having 49,300 MW. In the digestive organs evenly distributed protein bands of molecular weights of l0,000-120,000 were observed. The band having 59,800 MW was unique to the digestive organs. The number of bands obtained from body fluid was comparatively small, and the number of bands having less than 30,000 MW was 7, accounting for 55 percent of the total protein amounts. The bands having 47,600 MW and 31,400 MW were unique to body fluid.
In this study the authors examined the protein components at various stages of Clonorchis sinensis, and those of tegument and metabolite of adult Clonorchis by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion.
The following results were obtained: The protein components of C. sinensis were gradually changed during its development. A considerable change occurred during the initial 7 days after the metacercarial infection. Two bands of protein of about 97,000 molecular weight (MW) and 178,000 MW were unique to excysted metacercaria of C. sinensis.
Other 2 bands of protein of 23,000 and 25,000 MW which were absent in metacercariae, might be associated with the development of sex organs in adult. In the metabolite, some components of tegumental proteins were detected. And this tegumental protein components in metabolite seems to be the major antigenic components reacting with infected rabbit antiserum by immunodiffusion. Twenty bands of protein were detected in the isolated adult tegument. Among them 6 bands were in 97,000-65,000 MW, 3 bands in 56,000-53,000 MW and 5 bands in 37,000-30,000 MW. On the other hand, in metabolic products of adult C. sinensis, 17 bands were detected.
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Immune reactions between excretory-secretory antigens and specific antibodies of Clonorchis sinensis before and after praziquantel treatment in experimentally infected rabbits S I Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1994; 32(1): 35. CrossRef
Immunohistochemical study on the antigenicity of each organ structure of Clonorchis sinensis J Kim, J Y Chai, W G Kho, K H Cho, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1991; 29(1): 21. CrossRef
Analysis of antigenic specificities of Paragonimus westermani developmental stages using immunoblot technique K H Joo, S C Hong, M S Chung, H J Rim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1989; 27(1): 1. CrossRef
Studies on the immunodiagnosis of rabbit clonorchiasis II. Immunoaffinity purification of whole worm antigen and characterization of egg, metacercaria and adult antigens of Clonorchis sinensis Ok Ran Lee, Pyung Rim Chung, Hae Seon Nam The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1988; 26(2): 73. CrossRef
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When enterobiasis cases were treated with anthelmintics only for one time, the interval to recurrence was variable by different drugs used. And this phenomenon is supposedly connected with biological or developmental cycle of the worm and the consequent efficacy of the different anthelmintics.
This study was undertaken to confirm this fact by studying the expelled worms morphologically to correlate the anthelmintics efficacy and stage of worm development in Enterobius vermicularis. A total of 131 children in 3 orphanages was examined by 4 anal swabs (mean positive rate, 80%). They were randomized into 5 experimental groups. Each group was treated with placebo, mebendazole, pyrantel, pyrvinium , and piperazine (70 mg/kg, single dose) respectively. After treatment, all stool were collected for 3 days to get the expelled Enterobius. A total of 6,165 pinworms was studied under the microscope. The sex was discriminated and the length was individually measured. A number of male pinworms was collected in all groups. Females of 2-11 mm in length were also collected in 5 groups.
However, significantly larger number of short females was observed in mebendazole group compared with other groups.
Twenty-one days after the first treatment, all children were again treated with mebendazole. Once more stool were examined. A total of 1,853 worms was collected. In mebendazole group, there were no females longer than 8.74 mm in the second treatment. In pyrvinium group, 8.31mm in lenght was the longest for female. However in control, pyrantel and piperazine groups, females of 2-11 mm in length were collected. From above results, one could conclude that the removing ability of mebendazole and pyrvinium was satisfactory for the worms in the early stage of development in Enterobius. Pyrantel and single dose of piperazine showed less effective in worm reduction ability especially on those at the early stages.
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Fifty Years of the Korean Society for Parasitology Seung-Yull Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S7. CrossRef
The distribution and abundance of Enterobius vermicularis in a South Indian fishing community M. R. Haswell-Elkins, D. B. Elkins, K. Manjula, E. Michael, R. M. Anderson Parasitology.1987; 95(2): 339. CrossRef
Evidence for predisposition in humans to infection with Ascaris, hookworm, Enterobius and Trichuris in a South Indian fishing community M. R. Haswell-Elkins, D. B. Elkins, R. M. Anderson Parasitology.1987; 95(2): 323. CrossRef
Number of intrauterine eggs in female Enterobius vermicularis by body length Seung Yull Cho, Im Won Chang, Hyun Jung Jang The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1985; 23(2): 253. CrossRef
Effect of anthelmintics on the early stage of Enterobius vermicularis Seung Yull Cho, Shin Yong Kang, Suk Il Kim, Chul Yong Song The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1985; 23(1): 7. CrossRef
A total of 52 paragonimiasis patients was treated with praziquantel at three dose levels: 21 patients received 3 x 25.0 mg/kg bwt on a single day, 21 patients were treated with 3 x 25.0 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days and 10 patients were treated with the same dose for 3 consecutive days.
Follow-up examination were carried out at monthly up to 4 months (120 days) after treatment. Fifteen (71.4%) out of 21 patients who received the drug 3 x 25.0 mg/kg bwt on a single day were parasitologically cured. Eighteen (85.7%) out of 21 patients who received 3 x 25.0 mg/kg bwt for 2 consecutive days were also cured. Six and 3 of uncured cases in each above groups were treated again with doses of 3 x 25.0 mg/kg bwt for 2 or 3 consecutive days. Two (consisting each one in each group ) of nine retreated cases were failed in parasitological cure. Therefore the overall cure rates of 95.2 % (20 out of 21 cases) in each group were finally obtained. On the other hand, in 10 patients who received 3 x 25.0 mg/kg bwt for 3 consecutive days, complete cure was obtained at 4 months follow-up examinations. Praziquantel is well tolerated and side effects consist particularly of mild and transient headache and dizziness. There was no great difference between the three dosage groups. Extended hematological and biochemical tests, and urinalysis, revealed no abnormal findings which could be related to the compound after therapy. The disappearance of precipitating bands of immunoelectrophoresis together with the disappearance of abnormal shawdows in chest X-ray after treatment gave a potent proof on assuring the cure of paragonimiasis.
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Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Korea D W Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 79. CrossRef
Effect of praziquantel treatment on pulmonary lesions of rats infected with Paragonimus iloktsuenensis S H Lee, S Y Kim, Y C Han, Y S Lee, S T Hong, W M Sohn, J Y Chai The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1989; 27(2): 119. CrossRef
Antibody changes in paragonimiasis patients after praziquantel treatment as observed by ELISA and immunoblot S Y Cho, S I Kim, S Y Kang, Y Kong, S K Han, Y S Shim, Y C Han The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1989; 27(1): 15. CrossRef
Immunoblot observation of antigenic protein fractions in Paragonimus westermani reacting with human patients sera Sung Hwan Kim, Yoon Kong, Suk Il Kim, Shin Yong Kang, Seung Yull Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1988; 26(4): 239. CrossRef
Serologic follow-up study in neurocysticercosis patients by ELISA after praziquantel treatment Seung Yull Cho, Suk Il Kim, Shin Yong Kang The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1986; 24(2): 159. CrossRef
Praziquantel(Distocide) in treatment of Clonorchis sinensis infection Byong Seol Seo, Soon Hyung Lee, Jong Yil Chai, Sung Tae Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1983; 21(2): 241. CrossRef
Praziquantel Peter Andrews, Herbert Thomas, Rolf Pohlke, JÜRgen Seubert Medicinal Research Reviews.1983; 3(2): 147. CrossRef
An epidemiological study of human paragonimiasis by means of micro-ELISA Seung Yull Cho, Dong Keun Lee, Shin Yong Kang, Suk Il Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1983; 21(2): 246. CrossRef
Therapeutic field trial with praziquantel (Biltricide) in a rural population infected with Clonorchis sinensis Han Jong Rim, Young Man Lee, Joon Sang Lee, Kyoung Hwan Joo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1982; 20(1): 1. CrossRef
A case of systemic paragonimiasis with ovarian involvement Sung Tae Hong, Soon Hyung Lee, Je Geun Chi, Young Soo Jin, Chung Soo Kim, Yoon Seok Chang The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1982; 20(1): 53. CrossRef
This study was undertaken to observe the fluctuation pattern of E.P.G. (eggs per gram of feces) according to the number of infected worms and developmental status of Ascaris lumbricoides. The cases were selected from 2,109 inhabitants of Hwasung Gun, Kyunggi Do, Korea, who had received pyrantel treatment in dose of 10 mg/kg during April 1977-May 1980 and who were cooperative enough to collect whole-day stool specimens for 2 days. Among them, 602 cases who had been infected with 1-5 worms were subjected to analysis. Egg examination was undertaken by means of cellophane thick smear technique and the amount of produced eggs was checked by Stoll's egg counting technique. The Ascaris worms were collected from stool specimens, counted in number in each case, and each worm was measured by length. The results could be summarized as follows: According to the increase of worm burden per case from l to 5, the egg detection rate increased from 33.4 percent to 95.7 percent. And the same pattern was observed when the only burden was considered.
There were ample variations in the individual E.P.G. counts even among the cases with same burden, although the mean E.P.G. counts among the cases were quite proportionately increased from 842 to 3,467 according to the number of female worms, 1-4. However, from the distribution pattern of the number of each grade of E.P.G. count, it was revealed that the lower the number of females the more cases were with low grade of E.P.G. It was observed that the eggs could be detected after the female worm grew longer than 12.6 cm and the amount of eggs increased until the worm became about 25.0 cm, where a plateau was made in E.P.G. 1,300-1,400, and decreased significantly after 27.5 cm. And yet, wide variations in E.P.G. counts were noted even among the worms of similar growth. Accordingly, the E.P.G. value had better be used as a useful index to estimate the intensity of Ascaris infection and to compare the intensity between two communities, rather than be used to estimate the individual worm burden.
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For the purpose of observing ultrastructure of the epicuticle of Echinorhynchus gadi, the present electron microscopical studies had been made. Also the histochemical methods of Morwy, Bauer, Smith, Lison, Taft, and those of lead and uranyl acetate had been used in order to see the distribution of glycogen, mucopolysaccharides, lipid and nucleic acid in the cuticle of Echinorhynchus gadi. The results obtained by the above studies were as follows: Glycogen, mucopolysaccharides were found in the outermost, middle and inner layers, especially abundant in the middle layer of the cuticle. Lipid was found in the middle and inner layer, and it was found abundantly around the lacunal canal in the cuticle. Nucleic acid was found around the lacunal canal in the middle layer, and also distributed in the cell nucleus of inner layer in the cuticle. Electron microscopically, the cuticle of Echinorhynchus gadi had three outer layers, being outermost, middle and inner ones.
The outermost layer was medium electron dense, composed with plasmalemma and filaments. The middle layer was homogeneous one which was electron pale. The inner layer, which was electron dense, consisted of felt layer and radial layer.
The electron dense glycogen, lipid granules were distributed in radial layer.
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Cercarial shedding of Echinostoma cinetorchis and experimental infection of the cercariae to several kinds of snails Y K Ahn, Y S Ryang, J Y Chai, W M Sohn The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1989; 27(3): 203. CrossRef
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Two cases of natural human infection by Echinostoma hortense Sang Kum Lee, Nak Seung Chung, Ill Hyang Ko, Haeng Ill Ko, Jong Yil Chai The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1986; 24(1): 77. CrossRef
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Echinostoma hortense metacercariae naturally encysted in Odontobutis obscura interrupta (a freshwater fish) and experimental infection to rats Yung Kyum Ahn, Yong Suk Ryang, Pyung Rim Chung, Keun Tae Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1985; 23(2): 230. CrossRef
Studies on intestinal tematodes in Korea XVI. Infection status of loaches with the metacercariae of Echinostoma hortense Jong Yil Chai, Sung Jong Hong, Woon Mok Sohn, Soon Hyung Lee, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1985; 23(1): 18. CrossRef
Studies on intestinal trematodes in Korea XVII. Development of egg lying capacity of Echinostoma hortense in albino rats and human experimental infection Byong Seol Seo, Kwang Seon Chun, Jong Yil Chai, Sung Jong Hong, Soon Hyung Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1985; 23(1): 24. CrossRef
Studies on intestinal trematodes in Korea XIV. Infection status of loaches with metacercariae of Echinostoma cinetorchis and their development in albino rats Byong Seol Seo, Yang Hee Park, Jong Yil Chai, Sung Jong Hong, Soon Hyung Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1984; 22(2): 181. CrossRef
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Helminthic zoonoses are of significant importance to the public health and to the socioeconomic consequences especially in lost-meat, animal products and animal labor.
For past several decades in Korea, it has been recognized that endoparasitic infections among domestic animals are extremely common and many of the helminth parasites of man have been acquired from, or are shared with domestic animals. However, there was no survey of a nationwide scale on the prevalence of animal helminthiasis; and control measures are also not satisfactory. Furthermore, because of the remarkable increase in the demand, number of domestic animals and pets is rapidly increasing in these days.
Therefore, an extensive study on zoonotic helminths was carried out from July 1980 throughout August 1981 to understand the present status and parasite-host relationship from the epidemiological viewpoont. A total of 13,685 fecal specimens of cattles, sheeps, pigs, dogs and cats was collected from 26 localities in the country. The specimens were examined by formalin-ether centrifugal sedimentation technique. The results are summarized as follows: Of 13,685 specimens examined, 9,808(71.7 percent) were positive for helminth parasites. The positive rates were 99.0 percent in cattles, 86.5 percent on sheeps, 85.4 percent in pigs, 35.4 percent in dogs, 15.1 percent in cats. Single infection showed the highest rate (60.0 percent), and double infection(27.5 percent), triple(8.1 percent), quadruple(2.8 percent), quintuple(1.5 percent) and hexad(0.1 percent) were in decreasing order. In the present study, 18 species zoonotic helminths were found: 11 nematodes, 6 trematodes and 1 cestode. According to province, Cheju revealed the highest rate 84.8 percent, then Kyungnam 77.5 percent, Jeonnam 75.6 percent, Jeonpuk 75.4 percent, Kyonggi 75.2 percent, Chungnam 71.7 percent, Chungpuk 70.6 percent and Kangwon 64.2 percent were in decreasing order and Busan and Seoul showed 70.4 percent and 58.1 percent, respectively.
Rural area showed slightly higher rate (74.7 percent) than urban area (68.5 percent), and rates of mountainous area (70.4 percent) and plain area (71.1 percent) are very similar. According to animal, helminths species and positive rates appeared in: Cattles: 6 nematodes and 3 trematodes; Strongyles 26.4 percent, Neoascaris vitulorum 24.1 percent, Trichuris ovis 12.0 percent, Nematodirus sp. 6.3 percent, Srongyloides papillosus 5.1 percent, Capillaria bovis 0.02 percent, Paramphistomum sp. 41.5 percent, Fasciola hepatica 33.2 percent and Eurytrema pancreaticum 29.7 percent.
Sheeps: 3 nematodes and 2 trematodes: Strongyles 33.0 percent, S. papillosus 26.9 percent, Nematodirus sp. 14.6 percent, F. hepatica 31.7 percent and E. pancreaticum 19.6 percent. Pigs: 5 nematodes and 2 trematodes: Strongyles 43.1 percent, Ascaris suum 29.0 percent, Metastrongylus apri 20.3 percent, Trichuris suis 14.0 percent, Strongyloides ransomi 12.1 percent, Clonorchis sinensis 1.4 percent and Paragonimus westermani 0.9 percent, Dogs: 4 nematodes and 3 trematodes and 1 cestode: Toxocara canis 14.4 percent, Trichuris vulpis 9.5 percent, Ancylostoma caninum 8.0 percent, Toxascaris leonina 4.0 percent, C. sinensis 2.4 percent, Metagonimus yokogawai 1.3 percent, P. westermani 0.8 percent and Spirometra sp. 0.9 percent, Cats: 2 nematodes, and 3 trematodes and 1 cestode: Toxocara cati 7.7 percent, Ancylostoma tubaeforme 3.1 percent, C. sinensis 1.9 percent, P. westermani 1.4 percent, M. yokogawai 1.2 percent and Spirometra sp. 0.7 percent.
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