The author studied the infection rates of Clonorchiis sinensis in the inhabitants of Kyungpook Province, and surveyed infestation rates of Clonorchis metacercarias in the twelve kinds of fresh water fishes for the purpose of the eradication. plan of clonorchiasis of Kyungpook Province. The examination was continued from April 1960 to October 1962 with 24,252 inhabitants ranging from four months to over sixty aged. All the family were tested intradermally with Clonorchis antigen and then confirmed the eggs by M.G.L. technique. The results of the examination were summarized as follows. I. The infection rate of the inhabitants; In the people tested, 27.7 percent was infected with Clonorchis sinensis. There were no remarkable differences in the infection rates among each Districts; River side inhabitants(Yungchun-Gun 23.6 percent, Andong-Gun 27.4 percent), paddy field inhabitants(Yungchun- Gun 23.6 percent, Sangchu-Gun 29.1 percent) and mountain side inhabitants (Chungsong-Gun 23.8 percent, Yungyang-Gun 27.7%). However, the infection rates of the river side peoples were slightly higher than that of the districts far from the river. The infection rate of the male was 34.98 percent (4 ,628 out of 12,230), while the female was 18.96 percent (2090 out of 11022). The maximum infection rate of the male group was observed in the 35-39 age group (73.8 %) and in female, 55-59 age group (34.l percent) respectively, however it was gradually decreased in the senile group. II.
The infection rates of the family group; Those infected in both husband and wife were 28 percent(357 out of 1,289), husband only was 52 percent (672 out of 1,289) and wife only was 4 percent (50 out of 1,289). The children of the infected parents revealed higher morbidity than that of the non-infected parents. The children of the infected father revealed much morbidity than that of the mother's side. On the contrary, children's morbidity rate of the infected widow was higher than that of the widower. III. The infestation rates of fresh water fishes; The metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was found in the flesh exclusive of the Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Zacco platypus in the 11 kinds of fresh water fishes. The maximum infestation rate of 55.8 percent was revealed at Pseudorasbora parva and next to it was Sarcocheilichthys wakiyae of 5l.7 percent. The number of metacercaria in flesh was decreased as compared to the previously examined level.
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Studies on intestinal trematodes in Korea VIII. A human case of Echinostoma hortense infection Byong Seol Seo, Sung Tae Hong, Jong Yil Chai, Soon Hyung Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1983; 21(2): 219. CrossRef
Studies on intestinal trematodes in Korea VII. Growth, development and recovery of Fibricola seoulensis from experimentally infected rats and mice Sung Tae Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1982; 20(2): 112. CrossRef
Studies on intestinal trematodes in Korea VI. On the metacercaria and the second intermediate host of Fibricola seoulensis Sung Tae Hong, Sung Jong Hong, Soon Hyung Lee, Byong Seol Seo, Je Geun Chi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1982; 20(2): 101. CrossRef
Studies on intestinal trematodes in Korea V. A human case infected by Fibricola seoulensis (Trematoda: Diplostomatidae) Byong Seol Seo, Soon Hyung Lee, Sung Tae Hong, Sung Jong Hong, Chung Yong Kim, Hun Yong Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1982; 20(2): 93. CrossRef
Studies on parasitic helminths of Korea 5.Survey on intestinal trematodes of house rats Byong Seol Seo, Seung Yull Cho, Sung Tae Hong, Sung Jong Hong, Soon Hyung Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1981; 19(2): 131. CrossRef
Studies on the parasitic helminths of Korea III. Nematodes and cestodes of rodents Byeong Seol Seo, Han Jong Rim, Jong June Yoon, Bon Yong Koo, Nam Tae Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1968; 6(3): 123. CrossRef
Studies on the parasitic helminths of Korea II. Parasites of the rat, Rattus norvegicus Erxl. in Seoul, with the description of Capillaria hepatica(Bancroft, 1893) Travassos, (1915) Byong Seol Seo, Han Jong Rim, Chan Wuk Lee, Joo Soo Yoon The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1964; 2(1): 55. CrossRef
A snail of the primary host of Clonorchis sinensis, distributed in the Korean Penninsula, has been called Bulimus striatulus (Benson) Shiba 1934, while that of China, the mainland of Asia, and of Japan has been called Parafossarulus manchouricus Bourguigant(Abbott l951, Sugihara l954). Having studied on the external character and radula of the snail collected from nine areas of Korea, including Kimhae, Jinyong, Namji, Ulsan, Kunsan etc.The author has not found any reasonable distinctions which set up different species between Korean species and Chinese or Japanese species although there exists some slight difference.
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Radula Tooth Structure of Eight Bithyniid Snails Observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy Jae Jin Kim The Korean Journal of Malacology.2015; 31(1): 49. CrossRef
Metacercariae were found from 6 samples among 4,382 Parlemon nipponensis which were caught at Podu, Kohung, Korea. The metacercaria was inclined as a larval stage of Paragonimus westermani by following reason: Semisulcospira libertina was the only one species which lives in Podu area. No other metacercaria except Paragonimus westermani were found from the craw or cray fish which were caught in the endemic aera.
Metacercariae, ovary, testes and cuticular spines resmbled the characteristics of Paragonimus westermani, which have been described by previous workers.
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Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Korea D W Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 79. CrossRef
Metacercariae of Microphalloides japonicus were isolated from five kinds of crab which were collected at the Delta areas of Naktong river. These metacercariae were fed to experimental animals. Some of these metacercariae were also incubated in screw cap tube at 37 C. The longevity and developmental difference between flukes grown in vivo and in vitro were described. The total number of crabs examined were 2245 and Helice tridens tridens showed highest incidence among five species of brackish water crabs. Some of these metacercariae were fed experimentally to mice and rats, and the mature worms were obtained in the host intestine 24, 48, and 72 hours after infection. The adult and larval morphology of this fluke was described. Utilizing three kinds of medium, the adult worms of Microphalloides japonicus have been successfully developed under axenic conditions in vitro. Eggs containing adult worm were obtained in all of three media, i.e., Ringer's solution, Tyrode's solution, and Serum-Tyrode (1:1) solution. The adult worms were morphologically similar to flukes grown in vivo, but there were certain degree of difference between adult flukes grown in vivo and in vitro.
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Gynaecotyla squatarolae (Digenea: Microphallidae) from rats experimentally infected with metacercariae from the shore crab, Macrophthalmus dilatatus Min Seo, Sang-Mee Guk, Seung-Ha Lee, Jong-Yil Chai The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(3): 199. CrossRef
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Combined technic of formalin-ether sedimentation and zinc sulfate flotation was carried out to compare the detection rate of Paragonimus eggs in feces between formalin-ether sedimentation technic and zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation, using the feces of cat infected with Paragonimus westermani for former and intestinal contents of rabbit infected with Metagonimus yokogawai for latter. And following results were obtained. Zinc sulfate method was highly excellent in detection of Paragonimus eggs in feces, on the contrary, formalin-ether technic was very poor, and the other hand, formalin-ether technic was highly excellent in detection of Metagonimus eggs, on the contrary, zinc sulfate method was extremely poor. The time which was needed in carrying out the combined technic was shorter than the cumulative time of each of the formalin-ether technic and zinc sulfate method was. Author emphasizes that the combined technic may be used in general parasitic examination of feces, so that excellent results would be obtained in detection of all kinds of helminthic ova and protozoa.
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Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Korea D W Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 79. CrossRef
An investigation of the helminth parasites of house rat R.
norvegicus Erxl. in Seoul has been carried on four years. A total of 325 rat was examined. Ten species of helminths were considered, of which 4 species were recored for the first time from Korea. The adult worm of Capillaria hepatica, the most common parasite of house rats in Seoul, was observed experimentally, and provided a more complete description of this worm.
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Cystic infection of the liver in a maintenance haemodialysis patient Kenan Keven, J. Sedef Bengisun, Fevzi Altuntaş, Harun Akar, Gökhan Nergizoğlu, Sim Kutlay, Neval Duman, Bülent Erbay Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation.2001; 16(4): 859. CrossRef
Helminths in Rattus norvegicus captured in Chunchon, Korea J K Seong, S Huh, J S Lee, Y S Oh The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1995; 33(3): 235. CrossRef
Echinostoma revolutum and Echinoparyphium recurvatum recovered from house rats in Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do S H Lee, W M Sohn, J Y Chai The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(4): 235. CrossRef
Prevalence of Capillaria hepatica among house rat in Seoul Hong Ki Min The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1979; 17(2): 93. CrossRef
Studies on the parasitic helminths of Korea III. Nematodes and cestodes of rodents Byeong Seol Seo, Han Jong Rim, Jong June Yoon, Bon Yong Koo, Nam Tae Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1968; 6(3): 123. CrossRef
The experimental studies on Capillaria hepatica Chan Wuk Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1964; 2(1): 63. CrossRef
Capillaria hepatica is an extremely common parasite of rats.
Several human cases have also been reported from various parts of the world and recently these aroused the clinical interests. The present study was undertaken to investigate the biological observations of C. hepatica and the changes occurring in blood picture and serum protein in the experimentally infected hosts. The source of C. hepatica obtained from the deposit of non-embryonated eggs encapsulated in the liver of house rats(Rattus norvegicus) in Seoul. The eggs isolated from the infected liver tissues by the freshly prepared artificial gastric juice at 37 C and embryonated in the incubator 27 to 30 C for four to five weeks. For the observation of migratory pathway to the liver, ten mice were infected orally with 1,000 embryonated eggs of C. hepatica, and another ten mice were infected intraperitoneally. No larvae were found in the washings of peritoneal cavity after oral infection, but after the third day of infection, the larvae were isolated from liver tissues. These indicated that the majority of larvae are transported to the liver by the hepatic portal system. On the other hand, 1,000 embryonated eggs of C. hepatica were inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of mice by mantoux syringe containing antibiotics. One third of inoculated eggs hatched out in the peritoneum during two days after inoculation, hatched in the peritoneal cavity invade directly to the surface of liver. Twenty white rats were infected orally with 1,000 to 2,000 embryonated eggs for the study of the development of C. hepatica in the liver and histopathological changes of the infected liver in the course of infection. C. hepatica in the liver of white rats developed rather slowly at the first tenth day after infection, but at the 13th day developed rapidly in its size. The worms were sexually differentiated at the l7th day after infection. At the 20th fully formed eggs appeared in the white or yellowish lesions on the surface of rat liver and they are also found in uterine tubule of the female worm. After the 33rd day, male worm disappeared and only female worms packed with eggs were detected in the liver tissues. However the long hair-like tightly coiled worms were also usually found in the hepatic cysts, and the degenerated or dead worms were observed in the small cysts on the surface of the liver at the 59 th day after infection. Microscopical examination on the first week after infection revealed inflammatory reactions with the dilatation of central vein, Kupffer cell mobilization, focal necrosis and perivascular infiltration. After two weeks of infection granulomatous inflammation were observed around or adjacent to the worms in the lobules. The worms are surrounded by macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, a dense infiltration of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and, especially, eosinophils. After the third and fourth week, the microscopical findings of infected rat livers have shown proliferation of connective tissues and regeneration of liver cells. During the fifth to sixth week after infection, rat liver showed marked proliferation of fibrous connective tissues encapsulated the worms and massive deposition of the eggs. At the later time the liver reveals many pseudolobules which are caused by postnecrotic cirrhosis. These are irregularly subdivided into lobule by a fibrous septum. The worms were fragmented by the phagocytes and encapsulated by connective tissues. And then finally they appeared to be replaced by the calcium-like material.
The liver shows typical cirrhosis after the eighth week after infection. In order to investigate the changes of blood picture and serum protein components of rabbits infected with C. hepatica, twenty rabbits were divided into four groups by the doses of eggs. Group A was given doses of 1,000 embryonated eggs, group B 5,000 eggs, group C 10,000 eggs and group D 30,000 eggs. The pictures of blood especially leukocyte and eosinophil counts and of serum protein were checked every week for ten weeks in the course of infections. The marked elevation of the leukcocyte, eosinophil counts and percentage of eosinophils was observed at the sixth to the seventh week in the course of infection in all groups of rabbits. At the tenth week after infection a decrease was shown in their counts. However in the heavily infected groups (Group C and D) these values persisted relatively in high levels even thereafter. In the white rats given doses of 1,000 to 2,000 eggs, eosinophil counts increased to the peak at the fourth week and decreased at the seventh week after infection. The changes in serum protein components of infected rabbits were investigated by paper electrophoresis. Blood collections were done by the cardiac puncture in the early morning. Serum total protein was determined by Biurets method, serum protein fractionating and A/G ratio by paper electrophoresis using Whatman No.l filter paper and barbital buffer (pH 8.6, ionic strength 0.06). Total protein increased at the sixth and seventh week after infection and the albumin and A/G ratio had decreased significantly in the heavily infected groups at the fifth and sixth week. The alpha-globulin and beta-globulin were not significant in the lightly infected groups(Group A and B), but they decreased after seventh week in the heavily infected groups. The gamma-globulin and gamma/A ratio of the heavily infected groups were significantly increased at fifth to seventh week.
Statistically the calculation of entropy was applied to the data obtained in all groups. In the lightly infected groups, the entropy was included almost in the normal ranges, however in the heavily infected groups it was excluded from the normal range during the first to eighth week after infection.
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High occurrence of Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) spurious infection in a village in the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil Débora do Rocio Klisiowicz, Larissa Reifur, Márcia Kiyoe Shimada, Juciliane Haidamak, Regielly Caroline Raimundo Cognialli, Tatiane Ferreira Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2014; 109(3): 371. CrossRef
Rattus norvegicus como indicador de la circulación de Capillaria hepatica y Taenia taeniaeformis en la Plaza Minorista de Medellín, Colombia Biviana Andrea Duque, Diego Aranzazu, Piedad Agudelo-Flórez, Andrés F. Londoño, Víctor H. Quiroz, Juan David Rodas Biomédica.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Capillaria hepatica among house rat in Seoul Hong Ki Min The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1979; 17(2): 93. CrossRef
Capillaria hepatica-Infektion der Mastomys natalensis: Zur Entwicklung, Eiproduktion und Wirtsreaktion H. Zahner, G. Bruckmann, H. Schmidt, G. L�mmler, E. Geyer Zeitschrift f�r Parasitenkunde.1976; 49(1): 41. CrossRef
Filarial adult were found in the intermuscular connective tissue of the peritracheal and mandibular region of the Taiwan monkey(Macaca cyclopis). The microfilariae in the peripheral blood demonstrated a marked nocturnal periodicity with a peak between 2100-0100 hours and a low diurnal minimum between 900 and 1300 hours. Staining the microfilaria by various stains demonstrated differences in size. No development of microfilariae was detected in the Culex fatigans, Culex tritaeniohyncus, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles minimus, Armigeres subalbatus or Mansonia uniformis mosquitoes.
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Clonorchis sinensis metacercarial infection in the pond smelt Hypomesus olidus and the minnow Zacco platypus collected from the Soyang and Daechung Lakes Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Tae-Yun Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Aifen Lin, Ji-Yeon Park, Jae-Lip Kim, Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2004; 42(1): 41. CrossRef
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Ten cases infected with Taenia saginata were treated with Bithionol, 2, 2' thiobis (4,6-dichlorophenol) which is well known as an excellent anthelminthhic against paragonimiasis and their follow-up studies were carried on within 3 to 12 months after treatment. Bithionol, 50 mg dose per kg of body weight was divided into two equal dose and administered orally in 30 minutes intervals. Three hours later, this was followed with a sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate purge.
The strobilas without scolices were found in the stools after the medication and the follow-up studies have shown the complete deworming in all cases. It is well tolerated, toxic effects being uncommon and when present, limited to mild gastro-intestinal disturbances.
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Cestode infections in Korea D Y Min The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 123. CrossRef
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Unidimensional and two dimensional paper choromatogram were prepared of 10 kinds of parastic helminths. Fourteen amino acids were identified from the acid hydrolysed tissue proteins of A. lumbricoides(cuticle and musculature), A.
galli, F. hepatica, E. pancreaticum, P. cervi, T. solium, and M. expansa. They were glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, methione, valine, leucine, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, proline and histidine. In hydrolysates of A. lumbricoides(female genital organ) and C. sinensis, 13 amino acids were recovered. Twelve amino acid from A.
lumbricoides(intestinal tract), 9 from P. westermani, and 6 from H. nana were also identified in the tissue hydrolysates.
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Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Korea D W Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 79. CrossRef
Studies on transaminase reactions in some parasitic helminths Yong Ok Min, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1966; 4(2): 7. CrossRef
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