This study was to observe the changes of blastogenic responses of splenic lymphocytes to T-cell mitogens, N.
fowleri lysate and concanavalin A, and serum antibody titer during the course of experimental PAM in mice. Naegleria fowleri, strain 0359, was cultured in the CGVS medium axenically and inoculated intranasally with 7 x 10(4) trophozoites for the development of experimental PAM in mice. The amoebae were subjected to ultrasonication and centrifuged at 20,000 g for 60 minutes, and filtered through 0.2 micro-m filter membrane. The supernatant, N. fowleri lysate, was used as T-cell mitogen, and antigen for ELISA.
The serum antibody was examined by ELISA using peroxidase conjugate. Two hundred micro-l of 10(6) splenocytes in RPMI 1640 containing 10% fetal calf serum were added to each well of a microtiter plate. To each well was added T-cell mitogens, 100 micro-g/ml of N. fowleri lysate or 4 micro-g/ml of con. A, and the plates were incubated for 42 hours at 37 C in 5% CO(2) incubator. Cultures were pulsed with 1 micro-Ci of methyl-(3H)-thymidine 6 hour before harvesting. The mean blastogenic response of the splenocytes to N. fowleri lysate was reduced, whereas that to con. A was also reduced up to on day 11 after infection. Both of these results were statistically significant compared with those of uninfected control group. The serum antibody titers were increased gradually up to day 15. The results indicated that there was an impairment of the blastogenic response of splenocytes to N. fowleri lysate during the acute course of experimental PAM in mice.
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Understanding the pathogenicity of Naegleria fowleri in association with N. fowleri antigen-1 (Nfa1) Jong-Hyun Kim, Hae-Jin Sohn, Ho-Joon Shin, Stacy E. Walz, Suk-Yul Jung Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(4): 385. CrossRef
Effects of immunization with the rNfa1 protein on experimental Naegleria fowleri‐PAM mice Y. J. LEE, J. H. KIM, H. J. SOHN, J. LEE, S. Y. JUNG, Y. J. CHWAE, K. KIM, S. PARK, H. J. SHIN Parasite Immunology.2011; 33(7): 382. CrossRef
Interleukin-2 production and alteration of T cell subsets in mice infected with Naegleria fowleri C J Lyu, C O Shin, K Im The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(3): 249. CrossRef
Pathogenic free-living amoebae K I Im The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 29. CrossRef
Cell-mediated immunity in experimental amoebic meningoencephalitis K I Im, P R Chung, T U Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1989; 27(2): 73. CrossRef
Immunization effect on Naegleria fowleri infection in splenectomized mice Kwang Hyub Han, Myoung Hee Ahn, Duk Young Min The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1988; 26(1): 39. CrossRef
The indirect fluorescent antibody(IFA) test was used to detect serum IgG and IgM antibodies to Trichomonas vaginalis in 31 vaginal trichomoniasis, 7 candidiasis and in 20 non-infected healthy wonem with antigen prepared from axenic culture of Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from vulvovaginitis patient. The results were as follows: In 31 vaginal trichomoniasis the positive reactions of IgG antibody were 27 in the 1/8 dilution or higher and 4 in the 1/4 dilution whereas in healthy women the reaction showed signigicantly low as in the 1/4 dilution of below. The sensitivity and specificity of IFA test for IgG antibody to trichomonad antigen in this study were 87.1% and 100%, respectively. No significant difference of IgM antibody levels between vaginal trichomoniasis and healthy women was observed. No relation between the levels of IgG and IgM antibodies to trichomonad antigen by IFA test was observed.
No relation between the time lapse and the level of serum IgG antibodies in IFA test of vaginal trichomoniasis was regarded. In conclusion the present study suggests that IFA test in trichomoniasis could be a useful tool for detection of anti-trichomonad IgG antibodies and applicable as an immundiagnostic method.
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Trichomoniasis Jae-Sook Ryu Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 213. CrossRef
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Comparative antigen analysis of Trichomonas vaginalis by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot technique D Y Min, M H Leem, J M Kim, Y K Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(4): 323. CrossRef
Detection of IgG and IgM antibodies with ELISA technique in human trichomoniasis M R Yi, M H Shin, M H Leem, J S Ryu, M H Ahn, D Y Min The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(1): 25. CrossRef
Total of 216 animals conserved in Seoul Grand Park were examined on the antibody titers of Toxoplasma by the indirect latex agglutination test, 20 out of 131 cases (15.3%) in mammals, 2 out of 75 cases (2.7%) in birds, and none in reptiles, according to species, 15 out of 68 species (22.1%) in mammals, 2 out of 36 species (5.6%) in birds showed positive antibody titers when the titers of 1:32 or higher were regarded as positive. In mammals, it appeared as positive in 2 out of 6 cases (1 out of 3 species ) in marsupials, 1 out of 15 cases (1 out of 11 species) in primates, 1 out of 1 case in bats, 6 out of 13 cases (5 out of 10 species) in carnivores, 1 in 12 cases (1 species out of 3) in odd-toed ungulates, 9 out of 80 cases (6 species out of 38) in even-toed ungulates, and none in rodents and in whales. In birds, 1 out of 21 cases (1 out of 7 species) in gallinaceous birds and 1 out of 6 (5 species ) in parrots appeared to have the positive antibody titers of Toxoplasma.
And, none of reptiles showed positive. Frequencies of positive antibody titers were high in 1: 64, 9 cases in mammals followed by 1: 32, 6 cases, 1: 128, 3 cases, and 1: 256, 2 cases, respectively. Two positive cases in birds appeared to be 1: 64.
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Western blot analysis of stray cat sera against Toxoplasma gondii and the diagnostic availability of monoclonal antibodies in sandwich-ELISA Woon-Mok Sohn, Ho-Woo Nam The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1999; 37(4): 249. CrossRef
Toxoplasma antibody titers by ELISA and indirect latex agglutination test in pregnant women Jae Sook RYU, Duk Young MIN, Myoung Myoung AHN, Han Gyoo CHOI, Sang Chul RHO, Young Jeon SHIN, Bo youl CHOI, Hoo Don JOO The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1996; 34(4): 233. CrossRef
Effects of gamma-irradiation on intracellular proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii RH tachyzoites J Kook, S H Oh, C K Yun, J Y Chai The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1995; 33(3): 173. CrossRef
Detection of antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid to Toxoplasma gondii by indirect latex agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay W Y Choi, H W Nam, J H Youn, D J Kim, Y Kong, S Y Kang, S Y Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(2): 83. CrossRef
Effects of pyrimidine salvage inhibitors on uracil incorporation of Toxoplasma gondii J H Youn, H W Nam, D J Kim, W Y Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(2): 79. CrossRef
Tight junctional inhibition of entry of Toxoplasma gondii into MDCK cells H W Nam, J H Youn, D J Kim, W Y Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(4): 197. CrossRef
The effect of cyclic AMP on the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro W Y Choi, H W Nam, J H Youn, D J Kim, W K Kim, W S Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(2): 71. CrossRef
Diagnosis and epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Korea W Y Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 41. CrossRef
Toxoplasma antibody titers by indirect latex agglutination test in patients of Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital and Cheju Medical Center W Y Choi, H W Nam, J H Youn, W S Kim, W K Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1989; 27(3): 171. CrossRef
Characterization of proteases of Toxoplasma gondii W Y Choi, H W Nam, J H Youn The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1989; 27(3): 161. CrossRef
Membrane proteins and their antigenicity of Toxoplasma gondii Won Young Choi, Ho Woo Nam, Jae Eul Yoo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1988; 26(3): 155. CrossRef
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The effect of praziquantel on P. westermani exposed in vitro was observed by stereomicroscope, light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Following results were found.
The worms incubated in 0.01 micro-g/ml praziquantel were moving after 26-hour incubation. However, all of them were immobilized immediately after incubation in solutions over 0.1 micro-g/ml concentration. All of the exposed worms showed severe vacuolization not only in tegument but in subtegument, intestine, ovary, testis, Mehlis' gland and excretory bladder. Vacuoles in tegument burst out to form craters. As incubation time went on, tegumental structure was disintegrated severely. The worms exposed to praziquantel were observed to be immobilized and be vacuolized of all tissues. Disintegration of reproductive organs suggests that praziquantel have suppressive effect on egg production when the flukes are not killed. The drug effects were found more related with incubation time than with drug concentration.
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As a series of systematic classification for Korean common liver fluke, Fasciola sp., karyotype was investigated by means of the modified air-drying technique and of the regular Giemsa staining, Also, C-staining method was applied for detailed karyological analysis from the germ cells of the fluke. The following is a brief summary of the leading facts gained through the experiment. Korean Fasciola sp. was classified into three types based on their chromosomal complements; individuals with 20 or 30 chromosomes and with a 20/30 mosaic constitution. Worms having 30 chromosomes represent a triploid form with 3 sets of 10 basic chromosomes, while those with 20 chromosomes were diploid and mosaic individuals were 2n/3n mixoploid. The frequency of the individual type calculated is as follows; 67.45% of 212 flukes examined was of diploid, 10.85%, triploid, and the rest, 21.7%, mixoploid, respectively. In many cases, two or three types were found in the peculiar bovine host while single type inhabitant was about 20% out of 52 cases. The twenty chromosomes consisted of 1 parir of large metacentrics, 4 pairs of medium-sized subtelocentrics, and 5 pairs of small submetacentrics, while constitution of the thirty chromosomes was nearly interpreted as a triploid form with 3 sets of 10 basic chromosomes. The high centromeric indexes of both types are the first pairs among all the examined, and 37.93% was of diploid and 47.93%, triploid, respectively. In mixoploid individuals, constitution of the chromosomes of diploid or triploid cells was the same as that of diploid or triploid individuals. All the chromosomes of the germ cells in both types showed C-band around the centromeic region and especially the chromosomes no's 3, 7, and 8 showed a remarkable C-band distinguished from other chromosomes. The variance for the sizes of the worms and the eggs were not parallel with three different genotypes in Korean common liver fluke.
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Molecular Characterization of Parthenogenic Fasciola sp. in Korea on the Basis of DNA Sequences of Ribosomal ITS1 and Mitochondrial NDI Gene Tadashi ITAGAKI, Masayuki KIKAWA, Kunio TERASAKI, Toshiyuki SHIBAHARA, Koichi FUKUDA Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2005; 67(11): 1115. CrossRef
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This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of peritoneal exudate cells in the transfer of immunity against the liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis in the inbred BALB/c mice. Ten donor mice were divided into 2 groups. One group consisted of 5 mice was infected orally with 20 metacercariae of C.
sinensis, and the other group was injected intraperitoneally with 20 excysted larvae. Thirty days after immunization, the peritoneal exudate cells were obtained from the donor mice.
Twenty recipient mice were divided into 4 equal groups for the purpose of primary immunization. The mice of Group I were injected intraperitoneally with 2 x 10(6) peritoneal exudate cells of the donor mice infected orally, those of Group III were injected intraperitoneally with 2 x 10(6) peritoneal exudate cells of the donor mice injected intraperitoneally. Those of Group II were injected orally with 20 metacercariae of C. sinensis. The group IV mice served as controls. Four days after the primary immunization all recipient mice were challenged orally with 20 metacercariae of C. sinensis, and then killed 30 days after the challenging infection. When the peritoneal exudate cells were injected into the recipient mice, pronounced reduction in eggs per gram of the feces was found in the mice of Group I and Group II, but no reduction in those of Group III. In the worm burdens of C. sinensis, the number of flukes found in the mice of Group II was only significantly less than those in the control group(IV). In addition the number of plaque forming cells per spleen in the mice of Group II was found larger than those in Group I. It is likely that donor peritoneal exudate cells transferred to the recipients might result in the production of relative immunity.
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Egg production of Clonorchis sinensis in different strains of inbred mice J I Kim, D I Chung, D W Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(3): 169. CrossRef
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Tegumental ultrastructures of Echinochasmus japonicus were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The worms were recovered from albino rats which were experimentally infected with the metacercariae obtained from Pseudorasbora parva. Followings are summarized findings. The worms were minute and plumpy gourd-shaped with attenuated anterior and round posterior end. The tegument of whole body was wrinkled transversely and covered with cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes. Head crown was armed with 24 collar spines which were embedded in cytoplasmic pockets. The spines were arranged in a row with an interruption at dorsomedian line, however, the 2nd and the 4th spines were outstretched more than others. Oral and ventral suckers were muscular with numerous type II sensory papillae, and genital pore opened between the two suckers. Tegumental spines were spade-shaped with broad base and pointed tip. They were compact in ventro-lateral tegument or dorsal surface of anterior body.
The were not found between the two suckers and dorsal surface of posterior body. Two types of sensory papillae, uni-ciliated (Type I) and roundly swollen sensory papillae (Type II), were observed. The type I papillae were chiefly distributed on ventral surface of tegument and type II were on the lips of suckers. Arrangement of collar spines, shape and distribution of tegumental spines or sensory papillae are regarded as characteristic features of E. japonicus.
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An epidemiological survey on Metagonimus yokogawai infection was performed in the eastern coast area of Kangwon province.
Formalin-ether concentration technique and Stoll's dilution egg counting method were employed to figure out the prevalence and intensity of M. yokogawai infection and eating habits of inhabitants with raw freshwater fish. The results are summarized as follows: The prevalence rate of M.
yokogawai infection was 6.6% among a total of 2,357 examinees; 8.6% (115 out of 1,345) in male and 4.0% (40 out of 1,012) in female. The prevalence rates were different by the streams where the examinees were residing: 17.8% along the area of Ohsip-cheon (stream), 11.8% along Maeup-cheon, 1.7% along Hwasang-cheon, 1.3% along Yeongok-cheon, 0.9% along Namdae-cheon, 0.9% along Sa-cheon and 0% in the other streams (Yongchon-cheon, Kangnung Namdae-cheon and Jusoo-cheon) in decreasing order. By social strata, the positive rate was 8.0% (122 out of 1,521) in general inhabitants and 3.9% (33 out of 836) in school children. By the intensity of infection by means of EPG counts in feces; the light infection (less than 400/EPG) was 74.1%, moderate infection (401-1,000/EPG) 17.3% and heavy infection (more than 1,001/EPG) 8.6%. Twelves out of 50 sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis) (24%) caught from the streams in eastern coast of Kangwon-Do were infected with metacercariae of M. yokogawai, and the number of larvae detected were 70.7 per fish in average. The metacercarial infection rate in fish were also different by the streams; 100% in Ohsip-cheon of Samcheok-Gun, 14.3% in Sa-cheon, 16.7% in Yeongok-cheon of Myeongju-Gun and 0% in Namdae-cheon of Yangyang-Gun, respectively. Six hundred ninety five (695) out of 1,396 inhabitants and school children (49.8%) were experienced in eating raw freshwater fishes (Plecoglossus altivelis, Tribolodon hakonensis, Coreoperca sp., Moroco sp., Carassius sp. & Cyprinus sp. and Zacco platypus). The data were assayed with the questionnaire collected from the examinees.
In summarizing the above results, it is known that the Ohsip-cheon area of Samcheok-Gun is highly infected region, and the other areas of Kangnung Namdae-cheon, Yeongok-cheon and Yangyang Namdae-cheon are very lowly infected or non-infected regions for M. yokogawai infection.
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Prevalence ofMetagonimusMetacercariae in Sweetfish,Plecoglossus altivelis, from Eastern and Southern Coastal Areas in Korea Shin-Hyeong Cho, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(2): 161. CrossRef
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Classification and host specificity of Metagonimus spp. from Korean freshwater fish H J Rim, K H Kim, K H Joo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1996; 34(1): 7. CrossRef
Clonorchiasis and metagonimiasis in the inhabitants along Talchongang (River), Chungwon-gun J R Yu, S O Kwon, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1994; 32(4): 267. CrossRef
Intestinal flukes of genus Metagonimus and their second intermediate hosts in Kangwon-do Y K Ahn The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(4): 331. CrossRef
Epidemiological studies on Metagonimus infection along the Hongcheon river, Kangwon province Yung Kyum Ahn, Yong Suk Ryang The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1988; 26(3): 207. CrossRef
The prevalences of the fluke belonging to genus Metagonimus have been reported along the upper stream of inhabitants by several workers since 1980, however the taxonomical problems of the fluke was not yet settled. The larval flukes; cercaria and metacercaria as well as their intermediate hosts, and adult were studied in order to identify the Metagonimus in the areas. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The snails, Semisulcospira globus were collected from the three different localities along the upper stream of the River. The cercariae were found from 125(7.2%) out of 1,730 snails by natural emerging method, and were identified into 5 species including Metagonimus sp.
(3.7%), Pseudexorchis major(1.4%), Cercaria nipponensis (0.9), Cercaria incerta (0.6%) and Cercaria yoshidae(0.6%).
Cercariae of Metagonimus species had four to five oral spines on its anterior of the first line. The cercariae of Metagonimus were experimentally exposed to goldfish.
Infection rate was 22.9% out of 105 goldfish, and the encysted metacercariae were found in fins(86.7%) and on scales (13.7%) of the fishes, but not in their muscle, head or visceral organs. Seven species of fish were caught in the Daecheong reservoir and the upper stream. Infestations with metacercaria of Metagonimus were found 100% in Opsariichtys bidens and the parasitized numbers of the metacercariae were observed from 250 to 2,400 per fish. In the upper stream, Zacco temmincki, Z. platypus and Pseudogobio esocinus were infected 100% with the metacercaria, on the other hand, the fishes caught in the reservoir showed the lower infestation rates, and a few metacercariae found in the fishes Carassius carassius and Cyprinus carpio in the reservoir and the stream. The majority of metacercariae was detected only on the scales of fishes. In order to know the infectivity and the distribution patterns in the intestine of hosts, rats and dogs were infected with the metacercariae obtained from O. bidens and Z. platypus. In addition the metacercariae obtained from Z. temmincki, P. esocinus and goldfish were given to the rats. The recovery rates of the worms in the small intestine of dogs were higher (63.3-65.8%) than those of the rats (3.5-31.6%). The flukes were found mostly in the middle and the lower part of small tntestine of the rats and the dogs, but no worm was collected in the upper part of the intestine of rats. The size of adult flukes varied by the hosts. In the adult flukes, oral sucker was smaller than ventral sucker, and the right and left testes were located diagonally, the uterine tubules circled around the upper left testis. The average egg size was 29.1 x 17.7 micro-meter. According to the above results, the flukes belonging to genus Metagonimus distributed along the Geum River was concluded to be identical with Miyata type of M.
yokogawai as that Saito had proposed.
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The 15th case of human thelaziasis is reported from Korea.
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The patient owned a pet dog ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: The 15-year-old patient had herself removed a worm from one eye.
Two worms were identified morphologically as Thelazia callipaeda. The source of infection was uncertain, but the patient was known to have close contact with a dog. The authors refer to 14 previously reported cases of thelaziasis in Korea.
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In order to know the prevalence of head louse among the school children in rural area, we visited 3 primary schools and a kindergarten in Sanbuk-myon, Mungyong-gun, Kyongsangbuk-do in July 1985, and examined the children to identify the adult worms of head louse and/or its nits on the hair. The overall infestation rate was 91.9% among 420 children examined, and there was a difference between schools (P < 0.05). the school girls' rate, 96.1% was higher than that of bods' 88.9%(P < 0.05). By grade, the rate of infant school was 88.5% and 1st to 6th grade were 100, 100, 95.8, 90.4 89.7, 80.0% respectively. Above result indicates that the head louse is an important health problem in this community. Therefore, the chemotherapy and the effort to improve the hygiene are necessary in this community by physicians, teachers and health administrators.
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