A total of 135 hard ticks consisting of 2 species of 2 genera, 117 Haemaphysalis flava and 18 Ixodes tanuki, were collected from a Korean raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) caught at the Moaksan (Mt.).
Chollabuk-do, Korea in March 1995. It is the first record that I. tanuki appears in the Korean fauna.
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During the period of 1933-1994, house dusts were collected from 65 homes at 10 different localities by operating electric vacuum cleaners. House dust mites were isolated from 10 g dust by applying the modified wet sieving method.
Total 7,257 mites were collected and 23 species were identified. Among them. Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) was predominant (65.3% of the total), followed by D.
pteronyssinus (DP) (20.6%) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (TP) (6.5%). Rhizoglyphus robini. Sancassania phyllophagianus, Cheyletus traussarti and Scheloribates latipes were the first findings from Korea. DF was predominant in Seoul (66.8%). Kwangju (63.6%), inland of Pusan (79.6%), Inchon (96.5%). Taejon (83.9%), Chonju (87.15) and Chongju (95.2%), whereas DP was predominant in Yongkwang-ub (72.5%) and Yongdo (island) of Pusan (64.9%), and TP in Chunchon (38.2%). The localities where DP and TP were predominant showed higher relative humidity in air (> 73% RH). Among 62 study homes, DF, DP and TP were found in 24.6% of the homes, co-habitat of two species in 48.1% and one species in 27.3%.
DF was predominant in 63.5% of the homes studied. DP in 29.6% and TP in 6.9%. In 10 g of the house dust, less than 99 mites were found in 49 homes (70.0%), 100-499 mites in 11 homes (15.7%). 500-999 mites in 3 homes (4.3%) and more than 1,000 mites in 2 homes (2.9%). No mite was found in 5 homes (7.1%). In order to evaluate environmental factors affecting the population density of house dust mites, house type, age of house construction, size of the house, number of the family and frequency of the cleaning were compared with the number of mites, and none of the above factors were statistically correlated with the mite density.
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The infection status of anisakid larvae was examined in 290 marine fish of 25 species and in 108 cephalopods of 3 species purchased in Bayuquan region, Yingko city nearby the coast of the Bohai Sea from may to August 1992. A total of 7,327 larvae were collected from 156 fish of 19 species and 8 squids of one species. The 3rd-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex were collected from 121 fish (63.4%) of 15 species (N = 191) and from 8 squids (14.8%) of one species (N = 54), and they were total, 5,992 (81.8%). Out of remaining 1,335 larvae, 154 (2.1%) were classified as Thynnascaris type B from 23 fish of 4 species, 1,013 (13.8%) as Thynnascaris type C from 79 fish of 13 species. 164 (2.2%) as Hysterothylacium China type V from 20 fish of 4 species, 3 (0.04%) as Raphidascaris from 3 fish of 2 species and one was Pseudoterranova decipiens larva.
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Gymnophalloides seoi: a new human intestinal trematode Jong-Yil Chai, Min-Ho Choi, Jae-Ran Yu, Soon-Hyung Lee Trends in Parasitology.2003; 19(3): 109. CrossRef
Food-borne intestinal trematode infections in the Republic of Korea Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee Parasitology International.2002; 51(2): 129. CrossRef
A review of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections in the Republic of Korea Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(2): 85. CrossRef
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The skin ulcer in Leishmania major infection is known to be variable according to the inoculation sites even in a susceptible host. The present study traced the immunoblot patterns by the site of inoculation and duration of infection in BALB/c mice. L. major were subcutaneously inoculated on the nose, footpad, and back of the mice, in a dose of 3 x 10(6) promastigotes. Sera of the mice were collected every 10 days after inoculation. SDS-PAGE separated soluble protein bands of the promastigotes and immunoblot was carried out with the infection sera. The skin ulcer first appeared on the nose at 15 days, and on the footpad at 17 days after inoculation. The ulcer on the back appeared after 90 days. In the mice with ulcer on the nose or footpad, serum IgG antibody reacted to 202, 139, 98, 83, 81, 67 65, 62, 59, 54, 52, 42, 26 and 23 kDa bands at 20 days after inoculation. In mice inoculated on the back, however, the immunoblot showed visible reactions with 202, 83, 81, 74, 67, 65, 62, 59, 54, 52, 20 and 17 kDa bands at 90 days after inoculation. The present result showed that the antigenic protein bands of L. major promastigotes were differed by the inoculation site and duration of infection.
Since the skin ulcer and the serum antibodies to antigenic bands between 67-52 kDa appeared simultaneously, it is suggested that the serum IgG antibodies may play a role in formation of the skin ulcer in BALB/c mice.
The present study was undertaken to determine whether live T. vaginalis degrades human secretory IgA, serum IgA and IgG molecules. Human immunoglobulins were exposed to live trophozoites, parasite lysate, and excretory-secretory product (ESP) of T. vaginalis. To determine the fragmentation of immunoglobulins, the reaction sample was subjected to SDS-PAGE and EITB, and peroxidase conjugated antihuman IgA and IgG were used as probes. Live trophozoites degraded secretory IgA. Serum IgA and IgG, and degradation were pressed forward by the prolongation of the incubation time and by increasing the number of trichomonads respectively. Also the lysates and ESP of trichomonads degraded IgA and IgG. The cysteine and serine proteinase inhibitors such as E-64, antipain, iodoacetic acid, iodoacetamide, TLCK reduced the ability of cleaving immunoglobulins. The proteinase activity and cytotoxicity of T. vaginalis to HeLa cells were decreased when live T.
vaginalis was treated with metallo-proteinase inhibitor as well as cysteine and serine proteinase inhibitors. These results suggest that proteinase secreted from live T.
vaginalis may play a part role in host pathogenesis by T.
vaginalis, and the cleaving ability of host immunoglobulins by the proteinase may contribute as a one of immune evasion mechanism for parasite survival in the host.
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It is generally accepted that parasite-specific IgE plays a crucial role in host defense against helminthic parasites.
However, the role of high levels of nonspecific IgE in helminthic infections is still controversial. To investigate the role of nonspecific IgE in primary infections with P.
westermani, the effect of anti-IgE mAb treatment on serum IgE, Fc epsilon RII/CD23 expression and worm burden in Paragonimus-infected mice were examined. In mice treated with anti-IgE antibody, the total IgE levels were not detectable (1 microgram/ml) throughout the experiment compared with untreated infected mice. The mean percentages of Fc epsilon RII/CD23 positive splenic B cells in anti-IgE treated mice (range: 20.3 - 30.5) were also decreased throughout the experiment compared with untreated infected mice (range: 35.7 - 44.4). Reduction of the total IgE and expression of Fc epsilon RII/CD23 on splenic B cells resulted in decreased worm burden six weeks post infection.
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The molecular weight 30 kDa membrane protein of Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasma 30 kDa) apparently conserved in most strains of T. gondii and sera of infected hosts. The present study aimed to elucidate Toxoplasma 30 kDa as a useful diagnostic antigen for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis by ELISA and for induction of protective immunity. Murine spleen cells immunized with the membrane antigen of T.
gondii were fused with mouse Sp2/O-Ag14 myeloma cells. Out of 8 clones selected, five were IgG2b, the others belonged to IgG1 and IgG2a. The 30 kDa antigen was distributed mainly on the surface membrane of tachyzoites by indirect fluorescence method. Murine peritoneal macrophages which were activated by 30 kDa antigen produced more amounts of NO2 compared with crude antigen-treated group, however there were no significant differences in toxoplamacidal activity between the two groups. Higher specificity of Toxoplasma 30 kDa antigen was recognized for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis than the crude antigen. From these results, Toxoplasma 30 kDa antigen enhances the cytotoxic effect of macrophages as well as a more reliable means for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis by ELISA.
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