Under the current epidemiological conditions as found in Korea, and considering the limited funds available for the malaria project, passive case detection proved to be the only practical mechanism to obtain reliable data required for the delimitation of malarious areas. The malaria map of the country was completed at the end of 1965. The high SPRs found among the blood smears reported by the PCD undts are due to the fact that the Korean farmer is able to recognize the clinical symptoms of the disease. The "fever case" reports are therefore actually "suspect malaria case" reports. The consistently high SPR has resulted in the detection of a large number of parasite carriers with the number of smears to be examined being reduced to a minimum.
Although the medical group gave an important contribution to the success of the PCD service in Korea, the number of medical and public health facilities in the rural areas are still too small. This made it necessary to obtain the collaboration of laymen groups like school teachers, village chiefs etc., and their participation largely contributed to the success of the present programme. The degree of collaboration by the PCD units is higher in the more malarious areas. As no form of encouragement e.g., a reporting fee, has been given to these laymen during the past few years it becomes increasingly more difficult to maintain their active co-operation. It is felt that through passive case detection alone it will not be possible to collect adequate information to provide the proof for the complete interruption of transmission.
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The efficacy and toxicity of 1, 4-Bis-trichlor-methyl-benzol were examined in the animal infections(rat, rabbit and mouse) of Clonorchis sinensis. The effective dosages to kill the worm in bile ducts were 1 x 150 mg/kg in rat and 5 x 150 mg/kg in rabbit. During 48 to 72 hours after the administration of the drug, the inactive posteriorly swollen worms and variously degenerated worms were observed from liver ducts, gallbladder and intestine of the experimental animals. In gall bladder of rabbits, a plenty of fragments of the worms and clewed mass of eggs were confirmed under microscope. The E.P.G. was not decreased to zero in 3 weeks observation after the administraiton of the drug except rabbit No. 9 which was treated with the dose of 5 x 250 mg/kg. Minimal congestion and mild cloudy swelling of liver were observed in the groups of mice which were given 5 x 150 kg and 3 x 500mg/kg of the drug respectively. The body weight of experimental animals showed no evidence of changes.
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Clonorchiasis in Korea H J Rim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 63. CrossRef
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Clinical evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel (Embay 8440) againstClonorchis sinensisinfection in man Han-Jong Rim, Kwang-Sa Lyu, Joon-Sang Lee, Kyoung-Hwan Joo Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology.1981; 75(1): 27. CrossRef
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The 16 cases of Clonorchis sinensis infection were divided into 6 groups, according to the method of administration of 1, 4-Bis-trichlormethyl-benzol. The number of egg-out and clinical manifestation of pre and post drug administration were observed. In all groups, the number of ova transiently increased at the early stage of treatment and followed rather abrupt decrease reaching to E.P.G. zero by Stoll's method on 4 weeks after the medication, except group 6 which showed a few ova by M.G.L. method. Subjective symptoms: fatigability, disappetite and other general complaints by the drug administration were markedly improved in all cases.
Blood counts and bleeding time were within normal value before and after the treatment. Liver function test was normal during pre- and post-treatment except case No. 9.
Serum alkaline phosphatase of No.9 was high level lbefore treatment, but recovered to noraml level 3 weeks later of the drug administrations. SGOT and SGPT in 10 cases examined showed normal value. The level of serum protein was not changed during observation period. Urine albumin was noted in 2 cases before medication, but they also converted to negative within 3 weeks. Serum creatinine were all normal limits. Bradycardia were noted in 2 cases during observed no significant abnormalities of EKG. Serum electrophoresis were also normal limits.
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Clonorchiasis in Korea H J Rim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 63. CrossRef
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Epidemiological studies on Clonorchis sinensis infection along the Nam-river in Gyeongnam province, Korea Kyoung Hoon Bae, Yung Kyum Ahn, Chin Thack Soh, Hiroshi Tsutsumi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1983; 21(2): 167. CrossRef
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The Parasitological investigation on the encysted metacercariae in brackish water fish, Tribolodon taczanowskii Steindachner , in the downstream of Hyungsan river which is located in Kyungpook province of Korea, were carried out, and the following results were obtained.
Metacercariae of Metagonimus species were found in seventy five fishes (40.5 percent) out of 185 examined. Parasitic frequencies of the encysted matacercaria of Metagonimus species in Tribolodon taczanowskii were 23.2 percent (43 out of 185) in the scale, 7.0 percent (13 out of 185) in the gill, and 10.3 percent (19 out of 185) in the flesh. The number of the metacercaria in the scale, gill and flesh were fewer than that of the others. The worms were identified as Metagonimus yokogawai Katsurada, 1912 by morphological studies on the adults and eggs, and compared with prereported Metagonimus species.
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Infestation of larval trematodes from fresh-water fish and brackish-water fish in river Taechong, Kyungpook province, Korea Chong Yoon Joo, Moo Kil Park, Dong Wik Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1983; 21(1): 6. CrossRef
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From 1960 through 1965, 39 cases with epileptic seizure caused by the Cystricercus cellulosae were experienced at Kaejong Mental Hospital, Okku-Gun, Chollapukdo province. The present study was carried on at the area of Chollapukdo province where Cysticercus cellulosae cases were frequently reported. Thrity-nine Cystricercus cellulosae cases(35 male and 4 female) with epileptic seizure visited Kaejong Mental Hospital . Okku-Gun, Chollapukdo during the years of 1960-1965 from various Gun(county): Okku-Gun 13, Kimje-Gun 7, and Soonchang-Gun 6. The high incidence was found at the age group of 20-49 years and the distribution of 214 subcutaneous nodules were as follows: Trunk 56.6 percent, upper extremities 26.6 percent, head and neck 9.3 percent, lower extremities 7.5 percent. According to the address of above 39 cases, taenia infestation of the inhabitants in the area was examined by questionaire form. Plain rural area (Maryong-Ri, Okku-Gun); Among 803 persons interviewed, 4.0 percent or 32 complained the output of Taenia segments. The male group showed higher incidence (6.4 percent) than the female(1.5 percent) . The highest incidence was observed at the age group of 30-39 years. Most of the inhabitants of the area had the eating habit of raw beef and pork. Mountainous rural area(Bok-Heung-Myun, Soonchang-Gun); Among 542 persons interviewed, 33 or 6.1 percent complained Taenia infection.
The higher incidence was observed in the male group(8.7 percent) than in the female group(3.1 percent) , and also at the age group of 20-49 years. They had eating habit of raw beef and pork. The species of adult worm were identified by morphological examination. Totally 36 adult worms(Taenia saginata 21, T. solium 15) were obtained from 26 cases, and it was experienced that 5 T. solium were eliminated from one person.
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Therapeutic trial of praziquantal (Embay 8440; Biltricide®) on the dermal and cerebral human cysticercosis Han Jong Rim, Joon Sang Lee, Kyoung Hwan Joo, Soo Jin Kim, Chang Ryong Won, Chang Yun Park The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1982; 20(2): 169. CrossRef
An epidemiological note on the taeniasis in Korea Han Jong Rim, Kyung Won Song, Kyoung Hwan Joo, Joon Sang Lee, Jeong Joon Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1980; 18(2): 235. CrossRef
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Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Korea Chong Hwan Kim, Chung Hee Park, Hwa Jun Kim, Hyung Bock Chun, Hong Kee Min, Tae Young Koh, Chin Thack Soh The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1971; 9(1): 25. CrossRef
Study on the status of helminthic infections in Koreans Byong Seol Seo, Han Jong Rim, In Kyu Loh, Soon Hyung Lee, Seung Yull Cho, Seung Chull Park, Jong Wha Bae, Joong Ho Kim, Joon Sang Lee, Bon Yong Koo, Kon Shik Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1969; 7(1): 53. CrossRef
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In Korea where night soil used as fertilizer for crops and vegetables they may be contaminated simultaneously with infective stage of ascaris, hookworm and other helminthes.
In this circumstance, the ascaris eggs and hookworm larvae may adhere to certain kinds of leafy vegetables(Chyu, 1957) and may remain viable even after pickling in brine or in other substances (Han and Ko, 1952; Soh, 1960). It has been shown that Heliogen(Thitasut, 1961) will kill the parasite eggs and larvae, and Sodium nitrite (Kozai, 1960; Kim and Soh 1964) and Thiabendazole (Kutsmi, 1964 and 1965; Kim et al., 1966) also had ovicidal action. The present study has been planned to study the ovicidal and larvicidal actions of several chemicals in Korean pickle juice(Kimchi) and the results are summarized as follows: Heliogen solution(iodine 100 ppm) did not destroy the ascaris and hookworm eggs within 30 minutes at the temperature of 15-30 C, but the hookworm larvae were killed within 3 minutes under the same conditions. Sodium nitrite which was added to pickle juice at the rate of 0.1 percent destroyed more than 90 percent of ascaris fresh eggs within 10 days and the embryonated eggs were destroyed within 2 days. Hookworm eggs were destroyed within 3 days and larvae were killed within 7 hours.
Thiabendazole which was added to pickle juice at the rate of 0.1-0.025 percent inhibited the infectivity of ascaris embryonated eggs within 24 hours and hookworm eggs were destroyed in the same concentrations of the reagent.
Hydrogen ion concentration of pickle juice which was mixed with Sodium nitrite (0.1 percent) was not changed for 10 days. 1.5 mg of Sodium nitrite or Thiabendazole produced no toxicity in kidney and intestine of mice but slight pathological changes in the liver of the same animal.
Single dose(1.0 cc) of 20 % 2, 6-diiodo-4-nitrophenol solution was injected to 82 hookworm infected cases and 79% of them became egg-negative within 2-3 weeks after the injection. Mild to severe local pain were experienced for several minutes in all cases. Two cases complained of paralysis of the arms of the same side. The tablet of the same formula was given orally to 21 cases for 1-4 days. The 2-4 day course with 360 mg/day were enough to eliminate the parasite, and showed no systemic side effects.
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