The present experimental study was undertaken to observe the chronological change of the worm structure of Clonorchis sinensis and the pathological findings of the liver when this fluke was inoculated to the mouse intraperitoneally.
The recovery rate, survival rate, location and size of the inoculated worms as well as the pathological changes of the liver were investigated for the comparison among the groups of mice, classified by number of worms and the duration of experiment. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The recovery and survival rates of the worms decreased especially 28 days after the inoculation. Most of worms (90.l percent) were collected from the peritoneal cavity and some of worms were found tightly adherent to the capsules of the liver, spleen, stomach, intestine and diaphragm. There were no worms recovered penetrated in the parenchymes of these organs. The mean worm size after inoculation was smaller than that before inoculation. At the 10th day after the inoculation, the shrinkage of posterior portion of the worm body was observed. Remarkable atrophy in the reproductive organs of the worm, such as spermatheca, testes, vitelline glands and ovary was frequently observed at the 10th day of inoculation. Histopathologically the liver failed to show any parasitic worm inside the intrahepatic biliary system. However, multiple well formed egg-containing granulomas were present along the liver capsule. These necrotic granulomas were occasionally found under the fibrotic liver capsule. Focal necrosis and focal phlebitis together with vascular dilatation were prominent features seen in the liver. The bile duct in the liver showed mild dilation of the lumen, flattening of epithelial cells and periductal small round cell infiltration. Neither adenomatous hyperplasia nor portal fibrosis was seen in the whole experimental groups. Foci of intralobular micro-granulomas were found in some experimental animals.
The worms recovered in the capsule of the liver were degenerated and necrotized. Usually, there were remarkable capsulitis and granuloma formation around the eggs.
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Effects of prednisolone injection on the liver of the mouse inoculated with the adult worms of Clonorchis sinensis intraperitoneally Soon Hyung Lee, Chul Yong Song, Je Geun Chi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1978; 16(2): 69. CrossRef
: Fates of degranulated mast cells by challenge of the homologous antigen to the Clonorchis sinensis infected rats, and the extruded granules were examined by means of light and electron microscopy. The whole experiment was carried out six weeks after the Clonorchis infection and an observation was made at 1, 3, 5, 8, 12 hours after the antigen challenges. The abdomen of the infected rat was cut open by 2 centimeters and the antigen was directly inoculated to mesentery, then again sutured. According to the scheduled period, the rat was sacrificed. The challenged portion was cut out and followed by dying procedure. The results of the observation are summarized as follows: Degranulation was observed within one hour without noticeable change of the granules. Three hours after the inoculation, the shed granules were phagocytized by macrophage surrounding the mast cells. They were aggregated in the cytoplasm. In 5 days phagocytosis phenomenon were almost completed but still some granules were scattered in surroundings upto 12 hours. The nucleus of the degranulated cell appeared clearly in contrast to normal cells which were killed with granules. Membrane became to normal, and the granules which were not expelled out agglomerated in a large cavity. The above resulst suggest that the partially degranulated mast cells do not disintegrate, but recover to normal, and expelled granules are phagocytized by macrophages.
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Parasite Infections and Allergy Tai-Soon Yong Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 196. CrossRef
To evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintic treatment of Enterobius vermicularis in highly endemic population, total 82 children in two orphanage institutes were divided into 4 groups and treated with placebo, 5 mg/kg of pyrvinium pamoate, 100 mg of mebendazole and 10 mg/kg of pyrantel pamoate respectively. Total 4 anal swabs were taken from each child before treatment and the even distributions of positive rate and consecutive results between groups were considered. Follow-up swabs were taken 8 times up to the 40th day after treatment. After remarkable and significant reduction of positive rates up to 19-27th day after treatment in respective groups, the remarkable egg positive conversions were observed 3-4 weeks after treatment. The positive conversion was the earliest and the most remarkable in pyrantel-treated children and the slowest and the least remarkable in mebendazole-treated cases. Also found was that the figures of negative conversion were different with statistical significance between two categories of cases, consecutively positive and alternately positive cases of pre-treatment swabs. This means that the conventional indices of cure rate in E. vermicularis infection may be variable by the selection of subjected cases. Above results mean that the spectrum of susceptible pinworms according to the developmental stages are different between currently available drugs, and the ability to remove pinworms completely in certain developmental stage are also different between chemotherapeutics. These results suggest the need of interval chemotherapy of Enterobius vermicularis infection in heavily infected cases of in highly endemic population to achieve the complete eradication of whole range of pinworms in intestine.
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The present study was undertaken to observe the quality and quantity of lipids in the adult worms of Chinese liverfluke, Clonorchis sinensis. Lipid extraction was done by the methods of Folch et a1. (l957) and Kenny (1952), and then the extracted lipid fractions of the worm were separated by thin layer chromatography. Those fractions were also subjected to perform the quantitative analyses of glycerides, cholesterols and phospholipids. The results obtained were summarized as follows: Total amount of glyceride was 37.56 mg per gram of worm tissue and the amount of monoglyceride was 8.34 mg per gm; diglyceride, 15.46 mg per gm; and triglyceride, 12.86 mg per gm. Total amount of cholesterol was 3.30 mg per gm of worm tissue, and the esterified cholesterol (1.72 mg/gm) was a little more than that of free cholesterol (1.26 mg/gm). The following 8 phospholipids were detected in the worm tissue of C.
sinensis, i.e., lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, phophatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown phospholipid.
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A status survey on Metagonimus yokogawai infection along the Tamjin River basin, South Cholla Do, Korea was conducted from September to November 1977. The snail intermediate host, Semisulcospira sp., the fish host, Plecoglossus altivelis and the inhabitants in three villages in Jangheung and Kangjin Guns were examined for detection of this trematode infection respectively. The results could be summarized as follows: Out of 452 snails, Semisulcospira sp., 105 (23.2%) were found positive for rediae and/or cercariae of M. yokogawai in Jangheung Gun. All of 20 sweetfishes, P. altivelis were infected with metacercariae of M. yokogawai and the mean number per fish was 15,688 and per gram of fish muscle, 234. Out of 606 inhabitants in three villages, 160(26.4%) persons were found infected with M. yokogawai and the mean E.P.G counts per infected cases were 2,078. Sixty cases (9.8%) were positive for ova of Clonorchis sinensis with mean E.P.G., 846, frequently mixed-infected with M. yokogawai. From the above results, it was turned out that the Tamjin River basin is one of the endimic foci of metagonimiasis in Korea. The relatively low infection rate of human host in spite of much higher infection of intermediate hosts were considered to be due to the less population of sweetfishes in the Tamjin River than in the Sumjin River basin.
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Present trial was carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of oxantel/pyrantel tablets against intestinal nematode infections, and to determine the efficacy of oxantel tablels against Trichuris infection. A total of 34 subjects with the mixed infections were treated with oxantel/pyrantel tablets (100 mg/tablet each) in a single dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, and another group of 22 Trichuris infected cases received oxantel pamoate tablets (125 mg/tablet) in a single dose of 15 mg/kg. All stool examinations were done before the treatment and 3 weeks after the treatment. The cellophane thick smear (Kato's technique) and Stoll's dilution egg counting method were employed. The results of the trial were summarized as follows: The cure rates (egg negative conversion rates) and egg reduction rates for oxantel/pyrantel tablets were 85.3 percent and 97 percent in trichuriasis, 100 percent each in ascariasis and ancylostomiasis. The oxantel tablet treated group demonstrated a cure rate of 90.9 percent and an egg reduction rate of 96.3 percent in the treatment of Trichuris. There were no detectable objective and subjective side effects in this trial. Both oxantel/pyrantel and oxantel pamoate tablets were readily accepted and well tolerated.
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Thelazia callipaeda, parasitic in the eye of 24 years old Korean male, was extracted from the left eye of the patient in Seoul, Korea. We confirmed that as T. callipeada morphologically, based on the descriptions of Hsu and other literature. We presents the 7th human thelaziasis case in Korea with the historical review of the literature.
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By performing the county-wide surveys of Paragonimus westermani infection in several areas in the Chilgok county, Kyungpook Province, three endemic foci of Paragonimus westermani were found. The foci found in this survey were Haksan first dong, Haksan second dong, and Settom in Kumhwa village, all in Kasan myun, Chilgok county. In the three communities, the positive rates for the fluke among the residents by the intradermal test with Paragonimus antigen varied from 22.3 per cent to 25.0 per cent; school children from these areas showed infection rates above 50 per cent.
The rate in males and females was 23.9 and 23.0 per cent, respectively. This difference was not significant. The presence and number of Semisulcospira snails and Astacus crayfish, the intermediate hosts of Paragonimus westermani in the stream communities and the high infection rates for the fluke in the residents were the supporting factors in determining the foci.
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Prevalence of Paragonimus westermani in Some Ulchin School Children Dong‐hak Shin Pediatrics International.1990; 32(3): 269. CrossRef
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