In order to observe the protein compositions of soluble extracts of P. westermani, and their changes during early developmental stages, the crude saline extracts of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 week-old worms which were harvested from experimentally infected dogs were analysed by disc-PAGE. The results were as follows: A total of 15 bands were identified from electrophoregrams of respective developmental stages.
Of them, 5 bands were recognized throughout the developmental stages. The number and protein amount of identified bands changed according to the worm development from 4 weeks to 12 weeks. However, the banding patterns of 4 and 6 week-old worms and 8 and 10 week-old worms were similar each other. Of 15 identified bands, band 1 was recognized only in 12 week-old worms whereas bands 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 15 gradually lowered their amount according to development to disappear in 12 week-old. In addition, band 5 became a major band in 12 week-old while band 6 turned to a minor band at tha same age. The possible relations of changing patterns of protein bands with worm development were discussed.
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Variation of antigenic proteins of eggs and developmental stages of Paragonimus westermani Y Kong, J Y Chung, D H Yun, L S Kim, S Y Kang, A Ito, L Ma, S Y Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1997; 35(3): 197. CrossRef
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Antigenic localities in the tissues of Paragonimus westermani by developmental stages using immunogold labeling method H J Rim, S J Kim, I J Sun, J S Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(1): 1. CrossRef
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Antigenic localities in the tissues of the young adult worm of Paragonimus westermani using immunogold labeling method O S Kwon, J S Lee, H J Rim, S J Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1991; 29(1): 31. CrossRef
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Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Korea D W Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 79. CrossRef
Analysis of antigenic specificities of Paragonimus westermani developmental stages using immunoblot technique K H Joo, S C Hong, M S Chung, H J Rim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1989; 27(1): 1. CrossRef
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Antigenicity of the soluble egg antigen of Paragonimus westermani Suk Il Kim, Eng Ku Ko, Shin Yong Kang, Seung Yull Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1986; 24(1): 49. CrossRef
During 8 april 1983 to 9 April 1985, a total of 181 domestic cats (Felis catus domestica Linnaeus) of unknown localities in Korea were purchased at Seoul Chung-ang market, and the internal organs were dissected for helminth infections. In the results, three kinds of trematodes of family Heterophyidae (Ohdner, 1914) were obtained from small intesine of domestic cats and identified as follows: five adult worms of Heterophyopsis continua (Onji et Nishio, 1916) from three hosts, two hundreds and twenty three adult worms of Pygidiopsis summa Onji et Nishio, 1916 from seven hosts and twenty six adult worms of Heterophyes heterophyes nocens (Onji et Nishio, 1916) from three hosts. Among them, Heterophyopsis continua and Pygidiopsis summa had not been proved as natural infectios of cats in Korea.
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Field investigations on epidemiology and control of fish-borne parasites in Korea Han-Jong Rim International Journal of Food Science and Technology.1998; 33(2): 157. CrossRef
One human case of natural infection by Heterophyopsis continua and three other species of intestinal trematodes S J Hong, C K Chung, D H Lee, H C Woo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1996; 34(1): 87. CrossRef
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Intestinal trematodes of humans in Korea: Metagonimus, heterophyids and echinostomes J Y Chai, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): s103. CrossRef
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The in situ posture of anterior body of Metagonimus yokogawai was observed in experimental metagonimiasis of dog. The metacercariae were collected from naturally infected sweetfish by peptic digestion; a total of 8 dogs was orally infected with 10,000 metacercariae respectively.
Two dogs were killed on 3 days, 9 days, 4 weeks and 10 weeks after the infection. The postures of worms in histological section of small intestine and of whole worms collected from the fixed intestinal mucosa were examined by light and scanning electron microscope. The results were summarized as follows: The recovery rates of worms were 42.6% on 3 days, 55.0% on 9 days, 33.2% on 4 weeks and 9.8% on 10 weeks after the infection respecively. In histological sections of small intesine, most of worms were found at intervillous spaces as ovoid sections of posterior body. However, many worms, especially in 3 day-old worms, revealed protruded anterior body in glandular lumens of crypt. Some sections of anterior body were bifurcated or sacculated. The worms collected from fixed intestinal mucosa under dissecting microscope exhibited a variety of postures. Many worms showed flat shapes with a concavity or curvatures. However, in many worms, the anterior body made a single or multiple protrusions. By SEM observation of protruded anterior body, a longitudinal groove was found. The frequency of worms with protuded anterior body decreased in 9 days, 4 weeks and 10 weeks than in 3 day-old worms. The above findings indicated that the anterior body of juvenile and adult M. yokogawai protruded to lumens of glandular crypt by folding their lateral protions to make a reversible tubelike structure.
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Four cases of human infection by Echinochasmus japonicus (Trematoda; Echinostomatidae) were proven by the recovery of adult worms after a treatment with praziquantel (10 mg/kg in single dose) and purgation in February 1984 in Korea. The patients were 3 middle-aged men and 1 elderly woman residing in a riverside village of Kangjin-gun ( Tamjin river), Jeonranam-do, an ever-known endemic area of metagonimiasis.
The treatment revealed numerous M. yokogawai worms together with 1-43 (total 54 ) specimens of E. japonicus and/or a few number of other kinds of trematodes or cestodes. The patients had gastrointestinal troubles such as indigestion and abdominal discomfort, probably due to these fluke infections. They have been eating some raw flesh of fresh water fishes such as cyprinoid ones or sweetfish caught from the river. This is the first record of human E. japonicus infection in the literature.
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Scanning electron microscopical findings of Echinochasmus japonicus tegument Soon Hyung Lee, Woon Mok Sohn, Sung Tae Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1987; 25(1): 51. CrossRef
Two cases of human infection by Echinostoma cinetorchis Yong Suk Ryang, Kyum Yung Ahn, Won Tsen Kim, Kye Chul Shin, Kyung Won Lee, Tai Seung Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1986; 24(1): 71. CrossRef
Experimental and epidemiological studies on the life cycle of Echinostoma hortense Asada, 1926 (Trematoda:Echinostomatidae) Yung Kyum Ahn, Yong Suk Ryang The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1986; 24(2): 121. CrossRef
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Metacercariae of Echinochasmus japonicus encysted in a fresh water fish, Pseudorasbora parva, and their development in experimental mice Jong Yil Chai, Song Jong Hong, Dong Woo Son, Soon Hyung Lee, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1985; 23(2): 221. CrossRef
The echinostomatid metacercariae encysted in the gill of the fresh water fish, Pseudorasbora parva were identified through obtaining adult worms after experimental infection to mice. In addition, a brief course of worm development and maturation was observed in this experimental host. The results were as follows: The echinostomatid metacercariae were elliptical, golden yellow, 0.073-0.078 mm long and 0.054-0.065 mm wide. Their head portions were characterized by the presence of a head crown armed with collar spines of total 24 in number and interrupted at the mid-dorsal side of the oral sucker. The average rate of worm recovery from 12 mice (on the 1-21th postinfection days) was 19.4 percent and the rate revealed no decrease in accordance with the increase of infection duration. The worms were collected chiefly from the lower part of the small intestine. After the infection, their sexual maturation was attained in 5 days and their growth in size nearly completed in 7 days.
The early growth curve of genital organs was S shape while that of nongenital organs was C form. In 5 day old worms, l or 2 eggs were found from their uteri and the stools of mice revealed echinostomatid eggs from the 5-6th postinfection day. The 7 day old adult worms were ovoid in shape, 0.54-0.69 mm long and 0.29-0.34 mm wide, and characterized by a well developed head crown with 24 collar spines and vitelline follicles distributed from the acetabular level down to the posterior end of body. Based on these characters they were identified to be Echinochasmus japonicus Tanabe, 1926. From these results, it is verified that P. parva is one of the second intermediate hosts of E. japonicus in Korea.
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Trematode infections in the small intestine of Egretta alba modesta in Kangwon-do Y S Ryang, Y K Ahn, M B Yoon The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1991; 29(3): 227. CrossRef
Studies on Echinostoma spp. in the Chungju Reservoir and upper streams of the Namhan River Y S Ryang The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(4): 221. CrossRef
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Scanning electron microscopical findings of Echinochasmus japonicus tegument Soon Hyung Lee, Woon Mok Sohn, Sung Tae Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1987; 25(1): 51. CrossRef
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The metacercariae of an echinostomatid fluke were detected from a freshwater fish, Odontobutis obscura interrupta caught from the Seom river system, Wonseong-gun, Kangwon-do, and experimenally infected into rats to obtain the adult worms for the species identification. A total of 32 metacercariae was detected from 10 fishes (27.8 percent) out of 36 O. obscura interrupta caught from the river. The average size of metacercariae was 153.4 x 149.0 micrometer.
Also, it was uniquely specific that thickened membrane was formed around the metacercarial cyst wall. The rats orally infected with those metacercariae were sacrificed 20 days after infection to get the adult worms. The mean length and width of the adult worms were 0.75 cm and 0.13 cm, respectively. The number of collar spines on circumoral disk was 26 to 28, and the end group spines at lateral sides of the oral sucker were 4 on each side. The echinostomatid flukes observed in this study were all identified as Echinostoma hortense according to the morphologies of the cirrus sac, ovary, vitellaria and testes of the adult worms and the shape of eggs. On the other hand, O. obscura interrupta is one of the fresh-water fish that are preferably eaten raw by the rural inhabitants. Although no human case of E. hortense infection by eating O. obscura interrupta has been experienced yet, the possibility is strongly suggested in this study.
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A case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection wss experienced in a 73-year old Korean female patient, was hospitalized with relapse of cholecystitis. The patient developed cough and dyspnea 17 days after the admission. On the 27th hospitalized day, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain started. A number of parasitic larvae were incubated at 25 C for 2 days. Typical fork tailed filariform larvae of S. stercoralis (Bavay, 1876) Stiles and Hassall, 1902, were identified after cultivation. There was no improvement of diarrhoea after the medication with mebendazole. After the administration of thiabendazole, however, diarrhoea was stopped. On the 6th day of medication, S. stercoralis larvae were no more detected, and thereafter no larva was observed by repeated stool examinations upto 2 months after chemotherapy. The patient had the history of administration of steroid for articular rheumatism. Therefore this case seems to be a hyperinfection of S. stercoralis due to an autoinfection and to be the first report on the hyperinfected strongyloidiasis in Korea.
Related literature was briefly reviewed.
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Seasonally timed treatment programs for Ascaris lumbricoides to increase impact—An investigation using mathematical models Emma L. Davis, Leon Danon, Joaquín M. Prada, Sharmini A. Gunawardena, James E. Truscott, Johnny Vlaminck, Roy M. Anderson, Bruno Levecke, Eric R Morgan, T. Deirdre Hollingsworth, Guillermina Avila PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(1): e0006195. CrossRef
The coverage and frequency of mass drug administration required to eliminate persistent transmission of soil-transmitted helminths R. Anderson, J. Truscott, T. D. Hollingsworth Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.2014; 369(1645): 20130435. CrossRef
A successful experience of soil-transmitted helminth control in the Republic of Korea Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Min-Ho Choi, Sun Huh, Han-Jong Rim, Soon-Hyung Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(3): 177. CrossRef
The distribution of Ascaris lumbricoides in human hosts: a study of 1765 people in Bangladesh Andrew Hall, Kazi Selim Anwar, Andrew Tomkins, Lutfar Rahman Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.1999; 93(5): 503. CrossRef
Control of Ascaris infection by chemotherapy: which is the most cost-effective option? H.L. Guyatt, M.S. Chan, G.F. Medley, D.A.P. Bundy Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.1995; 89(1): 16. CrossRef
A population dynamic approach to the cost-effectiveness analysis of mass anthelmintic treatment: effects of treatment frequency on Ascaris infection H.L. Guyatt, D.A.P. Bundy, D. Evans Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.1993; 87(5): 570. CrossRef
A quantitative framework for evaluating the effect of community treatment on the morbidity due to ascariasis G. F. Medley, H. L. Guyatt, D. A. P. Bundy Parasitology.1993; 106(2): 211. CrossRef
Estimation of intestinal nematode prevalence: influence of parasite mating patterns H. L. Guyatt, D. A. P. Bundy Parasitology.1993; 107(1): 99. CrossRef
The relationship between the frequency distribution of Ascaris lumbricoides and the prevalence and intensity of infection in human communities H. L. Guyatt, D. A. P. Bundy, G. F. Medley, B. T. Grenfell Parasitology.1990; 101(1): 139. CrossRef
Epidemiology and control of ascariasis in Korea B S Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 49. CrossRef
Age-related prevalence, intensity and frequency distribution of gastrointestinal helminth infection in urban slum children from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia D.A.P. Bundy, S.P. Kan, R. Rose Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.1988; 82(2): 289. CrossRef
Population ecology of intestinal helminth infections in human communities
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences.1988; 321(1207): 405. CrossRef
Epidemiology and population dynamics of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection in the same community D.A.P. Bundy, E.S. Cooper, D.E. Thompson, J.M. Didier, I. Simmons Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.1987; 81(6): 987. CrossRef
In the present study, the effect of primary infection to reinfection with Ascaris suum larvae was experimented in mouse model. Mice were challenged with l,000 infective stage eggs of Ascaris suum. The embryonated eggs were directly introduced into stomach of mice. Reinfection was performed at 50 days after the primary infection with same method as primary infection. Mice were sacrificed 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 days after infection in both groups respectively. Larvae collected from livers and lungs with Baermann's apparatus were enumerated and measured after sacrifice. Sera of mice were also collected at same time. The results of the experiment were as follows: With antigen prepared from coelomic fluid of adult Ascaris suum and sera collected from mice before reinfection, the production of antibody in experimental mice was confirmed by the gel-diffusion technique. In the livers of reinfected mice, the larvae were recovered up to 10 days after challenge, otherwhile in the primary infected mice, the larvae were observed up to 7 days. The maximum number of larvae were observed in the lungs of primary infected mice on 10 days after inoculation.
In the lungs of reinfected mice, maximum number of larvae were recovered on 7 days after, only few larvae were recovered on 10 days after reinfection. As regards the growth of the larvae, the third stage larvae, over 500 micrometer in length, appeared in livers at 5 days after reinfection, but it couldn't be found on 7 days and 10 days after challenge. The third stage larvae continuously developed were observed in lungs of mice from 5 days after reinfection. In conclusion, it was found that development of larvae in livers of immune mice were probably repressed by the immune mechanisms being rised in livers and defence mechanism is also acting by interfering with the process of larval penetration into the lung from the liver.
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Evaluation of crude adult Ascaris suum intestinal tract homogenate in inducing protective IgG production against A. suum larvae in BALB/c mice Mark John Girasol, Lordom Reno Grecia, Jillean Camille Fabi, Andro Jibreel Fernandez, Jerieka Nicole Isabela Fernandez, Gabrielle Flores, Rafael Flores, Enrique Luis Fontanilla, Paolo Joaquin Fragante, Virgilio Clemente Genuino, Stacey Caryl Go, Israel Go Experimental Parasitology.2021; 221: 108049. CrossRef
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In order to correlate the number of eggs in female Enterobius vermicularis with their body length and to re-evaluate the number of eggs liberated by gravid females, a total of 203 worms were examined. Those females were removed from naturally infected orphans with mebendazole (100 mg) and had been fixed in 10 percent formalin(Cho et al., 1981). The decent ones which were selected under dissecting microscope were unbroken, neatly fixed females without contaminated eggs on their surface. The worms were measured by their body length, softened in 0.1N NaOH solution overnight, and teased by dissecting needles. And their number of shelled eggs was measured in a counting chamber made as described by Denham et al. (1971). The results were summarized as follows: The observed females, 4.10-9.90 mm long, began to have shelled eggs in uterus when body length was 5.50 mm or longer. The percentage of females with eggs in uterus was as follows by range of body length: 25 percent in 5.50-5.99 mm long, 53.3 percent in 6.00-6.49 mm long, 86.7 percent in 6.50-6.99 mm long, 95.2 percent in 7.00-7.49 mm long and 100 percent in 7.50 mm or longer. The mean and standard deviation of egg number were as follows by the length of females: 19+/-50 in 5.50-5.99 mm long, 734+/-1,597 in 6.00-6.49 mm long, 1,473+/-1,606 in 6.50-6.99 mm long, 1,530+/-2,055 in 7.00-7.49 mm long, 2,567+/-2,046 in 7.50-7.99 mm long, 5,598+/-2,470 in 8.00-8.49 mm long, 9,318-2,651 in 8.50-8.99 mm long, 10,678+/-2,892 in 9.00-9.49 mm long and 13,323+/- 1,778 in 9.50-9.90 mm long.
The numbers of uterine eggs showed greater individual variation when the female lengths were in range of 5.5-8.0 mm. When the female length was longer than 9.0 mm, the egg numbers were over 10,000 in majority, and showed lesser individual variations. Above results suggested that the egg production in female E. vermicularis began in 28-32 days after infection and that in early stages, the egg production varied by individual worms, but in gravid females longer than 9.0 mm at last deposited 10,000 to 16,000 eggs in their uterus with the least individual variations.
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Comparison of a Manual and an Automated Method to Estimate the Number of Uterine Eggs in Anisakid Nematodes: To Coulter or Not to Coulter. Is That the Question? M. Victoria Herreras, Francisco E. Montero, David J. Marcogliese, J. Antonio Raga, Juan A. Balbuena Journal of Parasitology.2007; 93(2): 423. CrossRef
Correlated evolution between host immunity and parasite life histories in primates and oxyurid parasites Gabriele Sorci, Frode Skarstein, Serge Morand, Jean-Pierre Hugot Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.2003; 270(1532): 2481. CrossRef
A femaleenterobius vermicularispicked up in a cellotape anal swab Seung-Yull Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1997; 35(4): 299. CrossRef
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An acephalic budding Cysticercus of 1.2 cm long was removed surgically at the abdominal wall of a Korean man. The worm revealed abnormal buds on the bladder wall and absence of suckers and hooklets in the scolex body. The buds were of two histologic types; branching bud covered with normal tegumentum and with subtegumental cells of normal density, and buds of proliferated subtegumental cells with lacunae formation. On the bases of the morphologic features, it was identified as a racemose cysticercus. This case confirms that its extracranial location is possible.
The metabolism of Entamoeba histolytica would be affected by various environmental factors, and alteration of the environment was known to affect the fine structure of E.
histolytica. The present study was designed electronmicroscopically to investigate the ultrastructure and enzyme activities in the axenic and conventional strains of E. histolytica. The trophozoites of axenically cultivated HK-9 strain and conventional YS-27 and YS-49 strains of E.
histolytica were collected and fixed with 4 percent paraformaldehyde/0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4). After washing them by centrifugation, 1 percent warm agar was added in the sediment. Solidified agar with the trophozoites was cut into 1 mm(3) cubes, and incubated in the various substrates to observe enzyme activities. Then, the specimen was post-fixed with 3 percent glutaraldehyde/0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) and 1 percent osmium tetroxide/0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4), dehydrated in ascending ethanol series and embedded in epoxy resin. These were sectioned on an ultramicrotome and observed with a transmission electron microscope. The procedures for the observation of the fine structure were same as the above, except for the incubation in the substrate. The sections were stained with uranyl scetate and lead citrate. For the observation of the surface of the amoebae, scanning electron microscopy was carried out. The results obtained in the present study are summarized as follows: The fuzzy coat around double-layered plasma membrane of E. histolytica was more irregularly and densely distributed in the conventional strains (YS-27, YS-49 strains) than in the axenic strain (HK-9 strain). The endosomes, button bodies and chromatin material were surrounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane having scattered nuclear pores. The paranuclear body, mono- or double-layered vacuoles, vacuolar membrane whorls, rosette-like cylindrical bodies, aggregation of cylindrical bodies and helical bodies were found in the cytoplasm of the amoebae. Helical bodies and glycogen granules were generally abundant, while a few smooth endoplasmic reticula were observed in the cytoplasm.
Alkaline phosphatase activity was mainly demonstrated in the plasma membrane, limiting membranes of vacuoles and smooth endoplasmic reticula. ATPase activity was observed in the nucleus, limiting membranes of vacuoles and vacuolar membrane whorls. Acid phosphatase activity was commonly demonstrated in the limiting membranes an contents of vacuoles, lysosome-like organelles, plasma membrane and the button bodies in the nucleus. The activity was more weakly demonstrated in the HK-9 strain than in the other conventional strains of E. histolytica. No peroxidase activity was observed in the amoeba strains employed in the present study. With a scanning electron microscope, no distinct structural differences were observed between the amoeba strains. All the trophozoite forms of the amoebae showed crater-like depressions and rugged features on the outer surface.
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The present study has been designed as a basic study on laboratory diagnosis of giardiasis and to demonstrate a more effective method for the detection of Giardia lamblia cyst with the inherent advantages of minimizing both the number of stool examinations required and the interval of stool collections for estimating the real state of prevalence in the shortest time possible. There were 3 subject groups of 75 children each currently residing in an orphanage in Gunsan city, Jeonbuk province from which stool specimens were collected every day, every other day, and every 3 days.
The procedure is as follows: Resuspend the fixed sample after fixation with SAF solution. Centrifuge the sediment for 1 min. at 2,000 rpm after straining through gauze into a tube. Divide the sediment into 3 parts and use them for direct fecal smear, formalin-ether concentration (MGL) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO(4)) floatation techniques. The results are summarized as follows: Overall infection rate after 10 trials showed a 60 percent positive indication. The positive rate among children under 4 years old was significantly higher than the rate in children over 4 years old. No significant difference in rate by sex was observed. The results of examinations by direct fecal smear and MGL techniques appeared more accurate than that obtained by ZnSO(4) floatation method as indicated by a higher positive rate. Of all three methods concerned, combinations of two demonstrated a higher positive rate than that shown by any one alone. In three consecutive examinations under varying conditions such as different days, the cyst detection rate by MGL technique indicated 83 percent. In 5 examinations under the same varying conditions, the indicated rate was 94 percent. The interval of stool collection proved to be insignificant for the cyst detection rate. In conclusion, both MGL method and modified fecal direct smear can provide a good cyst detection rate of G. lamblia provided that more than 3 consecutive examinations of stool under varying conditions are carried out.
This study is to verify the protective ability against experimental Naegleria meningoencephalitis by immunization with Naegleria fowleri in mice. Naegleria fowleri, strain 0359, and Naegleria gruberi, strain EGB, were used in this study, and cultured in CGVS medium axenically. Inbred BALB/c mice, weighing about 20 g, were immunized by three intraperitoneal injection of 1 x 10(6) N. fowleri trophozoites at the interval of one week. This N. fowleri trophozoites antigen was fixed with 5 percent formaldehyde.
N. fowleri trophozoites from culture were homogenized with sonicator at 4C as monitored by phase contrast microscopy, and their membrane and cell content preparations were made for the immunization of mice. Their inoculation dose in volume was equivalent to the 1 x 10(6) trophozoites in each injection for immunization. And N. gruberi trophozoites, which was fixed with 5 percent formaldehyde, were also used for immunization. Mice were inoculated intranasally with 5 x 10(4) N. fowleri trophozoites in a 5 microliter suspension under anesthesia by as intraperitoneal injection of about l mg secobarbiturate. Nervousness, rotation or sluggish behaviour were observed in the mice which were infected with N. fowleri. Necrotic lesion was demonstrated in the anterior portion of brain, especially in the olfactory lobe. The inflammatory cell infiltration with numerous N. fowleri trophozoites was noticed. This pathological changes were more extensive in the control than in the experimental groups. Mice were dead due to experimental primary amoebic meningoencephalitis that developed between 8 days and 23 days after inoculation. Mortality rate of the mice was low in the immunized experimental group. Mean survival time, which is the survival duration of mice from the infection to death, was prolonged significantly in the immunized mice except in the mice immunized with N. fowleri membrane. Even in the mice immunized with N. gruberi, survival time was delayed. In summary, the effectiveness of immunization is demonstrated in terms of protective immunity against Naegleria meningoencephalitis in mice.
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Effects of immunization with the rNfa1 protein on experimental Naegleria fowleri‐PAM mice Y. J. LEE, J. H. KIM, H. J. SOHN, J. LEE, S. Y. JUNG, Y. J. CHWAE, K. KIM, S. PARK, H. J. SHIN Parasite Immunology.2011; 33(7): 382. CrossRef
Pathogenic free-living amoebae K I Im The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 29. CrossRef
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A total of 377 pregnant women, 43 pelvic tumor patients and 80 of multiphysic health center persons as controls were examined by indirect latex agglutination test in order to evaluate Toxoplasma antibody titers at Kang-Nam St. Mary's Hospital in Seoul. Throughout this survey, 1:32 or more titers of diluted sera were regarded as positive. The 337 samples of test sera in pregnant women showed negatives in 319 cases (84.6 percent), 1:2 in 44 cases (11.7 percent), 1:4 in 9 cases (2.4 percent), 1:8 in 2 cases (0.5 percent), 1:16 in 1 case (0.3 percent) and 1:32 in 2 cases (0.5 percent) respectively. The 43 samples of test sera in pelvic tumor patients showed negatives in 29 cases (67.4 percent), 1:2 in 8 cases (18.6 percent), 1:4 in 1 case (2.3 percent), 1:16 in 2 cases (4.7 percent), 1:32 in 1 case (2.3 percent) and 1:128 in 2 cases (4.7 percent). The 80 samples of test sera in multiphysic health center persons as controls negatives in 56 cases (70.0 percent), 1:2 in 19 cases (23.8 percent), 1:4 in 3 cases (3.8 percent), 1:8 in 1 case (1.3 percent) and 1:128 in 1 case (1.3 percent). Among total 420 study cases, 5 cases (1.2 percent) showed positives , and they were 2 cases (0.5 percent) of pregnant women and 3 cases (7.0 percent) of pelvic tumor patients. One case (1.3 percent) out of 80 control sera showed positive result.
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Toxoplasma antibody titers by ELISA and indirect latex agglutination test in pregnant women Jae Sook RYU, Duk Young MIN, Myoung Myoung AHN, Han Gyoo CHOI, Sang Chul RHO, Young Jeon SHIN, Bo youl CHOI, Hoo Don JOO The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1996; 34(4): 233. CrossRef
Detection of antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid to Toxoplasma gondii by indirect latex agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay W Y Choi, H W Nam, J H Youn, D J Kim, Y Kong, S Y Kang, S Y Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(2): 83. CrossRef
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The surface fine structures of Ixodes persulcatus (Schulze, 1930) male and female specimens were observed by means of a scanning electron microscope. A brief review on the biology of the ticks and their disease relationships was also presented. The sexual dimorphism of the specimen was marked; the male was quite smaller than the female. The genital groove was well developed and deep, the anal groove was distinct and characteristically extending anteriorly around the anus. The 4th article was much reduced and situated on the top of the 3rd article ventrally. The hypostome dentition was usually 3/3. The bottom of the basis capitulum of the male specimen was strictly straight in shape. This species was regarded as one of the most important vectors for infectious diseases of migrating birds.
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Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) female specimens were subjected to scanning electron microscopy for the observation of surface fine structures. Morphological characteristics observed were summarized as follows: The palpi were wider than long, and compressed, ridged dorsally and laterally. There were usually four pairs of ventro-internal setae on the articles. The hypostome dentition was usually 4/4 but occasionally 5/5. The basis capituli were hexagonal dorsally and the porose area was distinct with the holes developed well. There were numerous folds resembling finger prints around the female genital pore. A pair of anal lobes with specified setae on them was also recognized as one of the morphological characteristics.
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Two Korean men who had worked in Saudi Arabia complained of skin ulcers in the right wrist for 5 months or in the face and left forearm for 4 months each. Ulcers accompanying crust was observed in both cases. The characteristic cellular destruction and amastigote in the cytoplasm of histiocyte supported the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Those are 17th and 18th imported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Korea(summarized from text).
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