The present study was carried out to examine the effect of a carcinogen, aflatoxin B1 on the ultrastructural changes of biliary epithelial cells in mice infected with Clonorchis sinensis. A total of 93 male albino mice(BALB/c strain) was divided into 3 groups; group I, treated with 1.0 ppm aflatoxin B1 for 12 weeks; group II, given 50 C. sinensis metacercariae, and group III, given 50 metacercariae and treated with 1.0 ppm aflatoxin B1 for 12 weeks. Three mice served for untreated-uninfected controls. From 4 weeks after the treatment and/or infection, three mice from each group were sacrificed at 4 week intervals up to the 40th week, and their hepatobiliary tissues were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. The most prominent ultrastructural changes in group I were remarkable enlargement of nuclear size, separation of nucleolus, dispersed chromatin granules in nuclei and increased dense granules along the inner membrane of nuclei. In the cytoplasm there was slight proliferation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at earlier stage. At the 12th week separation of fibrillar and granular components of the nucleolus was a characteristic finding. As the time elapsed, epithelial cells showed flattened-cuboidal form and a tendency of atrophy. Most of the nuclei were elongated and polygonal in shape. In group II the appearance of elaborate interwoven folds of lateral cytoplasm forming a labyrinth of interconnected intercellular space and variety in nuclear shape were the prominent findings at earlier stage. The cytoplasm showed slight proliferation and dilatation of mitochondria and ER, and a small number of mucin droplets.
In the basement membrane scanty fibrous cells were seen.
With time, variety in nuclear shape, marked proliferation and dilatation of rough ER and some collagen fibrils were demonstrated. Other features of intracellular organelles and mucin droplets persisted. In group III cuboidal epithelial cells showed their remarkably enlarged and irregular nuclei, increased chromatin granules in the nuclei, separated nucleoli, proliferated and dilated rough ER. With time, sequestered mitochondria showed bleb-like evaginations which lacked cristae and dense matrix, and were limited by a single membrane. Since the 20th week, microvilli were relatively scanty and poorly developed. Organelles and inclusions in the cytoplasm of metaplastic cells were poor.
Nuclei were variable in shape. The most prominent changes at later stage were separation of nuclei from the cytoplasm, and appearance of numerous and irregularly angled electron dense granules in the nuclei.
The rabbits were infected with Clnorchis sinensis and were treated with praziquantel at the dose of 50 mg/kg x 2 x 2 days afer 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks and 7 months from the infection.
Their livers were observed histopathologically 1, 4 and 12 weeks after treatment. The findings are summarized as below: The changes of the liver in control rabbits were relatively mild until 2 weeks after infection. However, widening and thickening of bile ducts, proliferation of biliary epithelium and periductal fibrosis were moderate after 4 weeks from infection and those changes were severe after 8 weeks and 7months. Goblet cell metaplasia was found after 8 weeks from infection. The mild changes of 2-week infection group were completely recovered by 4 weeks after the treatment. In the groups of 4 or more weeks after infection, the changes of bile ducts became milder in the degree after the treatment, but were still found 12 weeks after the treatment. As the infection duration was passed, more severe changes were observed after the treatment. In this context, it is concluded that the liver changes of acute clonorchiasis in the early two weeks are reversible by treatment while chronic biliary epithelial changes are irreversible. Therefore, early treatment should be recommended as possible to minimize the remaining histopathological changes of liver in clonorchiasis.
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Gallstones and Clonorchis sinensis infection: A hospital‐based case–control study in Korea Dongil Choi, Jae Hoon Lim, Kyu Taek Lee, Jong Kyun Lee, Seong Ho Choi, Jin Seok Heo, Dong Wook Choi, Kee‐Taek Jang, Nam Yong Lee, Seonwoo Kim, Sung‐Tae Hong Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2008;[Epub] CrossRef
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Long-lasting sonographic and histopathological findings in cured clonorchiasis of rabbits Dongil Choi, Jae Hoon Lim, Seung Kwon Kim, Eung Yeop Kim, Mejeong Lee, Sung-Tae Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1999; 37(2): 77. CrossRef
Control of clonorchiasis by repeated praziquantel treatment and low diagnostic efficacy of sonography S T Hong, K Yoon, M Lee, M Seo, M H Choi, J S Sim, B I Choi, C K Yun, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1998; 36(4): 249. CrossRef
Evaluation of sonography and skin test in diagnosis of clonorchiasis at the Hyongsan-gang (river) area H K Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1995; 33(2): 117. CrossRef
Correlation of sonographic findings with histopathological changes of the bile ducts in rabbits infected with Clonorchis sinensis S T Hong, K H Park, M Seo, B I Choi, J Y Chai, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1994; 32(4): 223. CrossRef
Immune reactions between excretory-secretory antigens and specific antibodies of Clonorchis sinensis before and after praziquantel treatment in experimentally infected rabbits S I Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1994; 32(1): 35. CrossRef
Secretions of the biliary mucosa in experimental clonorchiasis S H Lee, J I Lee, S Huh, J R Yu, S W Chung, J Y Chai, S T Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(1): 13. CrossRef
Turnover of biliary epithelial cells in Clonorchis sinensis infected rats S T Hong, W G Kho, W H Kim, J Y Chai, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(2): 83. CrossRef
Morphology of the bile ducts of the brook lamprey, Lampetra lamottenii (Le Sueur) before and during infection with the nematode, Truttaedacnitis stelmioides (Vessichelli, 1910) (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) F. Eng, J. H. Youson The Anatomical Record.1992; 234(2): 201. CrossRef
A survey on the epidemiological factors of clonorchiasis in the Pohang industrial belt along the Hyungsan river, Kyongsangbuk-do S S Kim, M H Han, S G Park, H S Lim, S T Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(4): 213. CrossRef
Effect of praziquantel treatment on pulmonary lesions of rats infected with Paragonimus iloktsuenensis S H Lee, S Y Kim, Y C Han, Y S Lee, S T Hong, W M Sohn, J Y Chai The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1989; 27(2): 119. CrossRef
Observation of mucosal pathology after praziquantel treatment in experimental Fibricola seoulensis infection in rats S H Lee, B I Kim, S T Hong, W M Sohn, J Y Chai The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1989; 27(1): 35. CrossRef
Changes of anti-Clonorchis sinensis IgG antibody in serum after praziquantel treatment in human clonorchiasis Sung Tae Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1988; 26(1): 1. CrossRef
The author investigated the larvicidal action of liquid nitrogen against the metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis, with an observation on the freshness and change of taste in the flesh of fishes. The results obtained were as follows: The metacercariae in the flesh of Pseudorasbora parva, which were treated with liquid nitrogen (-192C), were not killed within 10 seconds, but completely killed over 30 seconds. In comparison, the metacercariae in the flesh of P. parva kept in a refrigerator (-12C) were killed only in 84 percent in 10-hour exposure group. The freezing speed of fishes by liquid nitrogen was 4 min. (') and 15 seconds(") for Cyprinus carpio, 1'22'' for Carassius carassius and only 30'', for Pseudorasbora parva. As for the freshness and taste of raw fresh water fishes, they were not deteriorated after the treatment with liquid nitrogen. In animal infection experiment of C. sinensis metacercariae after freezing, they were found not infective after they were treated with liquid nitrogen. From the results, it is inferred that the treatment of fresh water fishes for longer than 30 seconds with liquid nitrogen is helpful to reduce the possibility of C. sinensis infection without alteration of the freshness and taste of fishes.
The present study was undertaken to demonstrate the surface structure of Paragonimus westermani metacercaria in Korea with special reference to the distribution of sensory papillae. Metacercariae were isolated from crayfish, one of the second intermediate host of P. westermani in Bogil island, Chollanam-do (Province), Korea, where has been known as an endemic area of human paragonimiasis. Isolated metacercariae were excysted and examined with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopes for morphological features. On the surface of metacercariae, three types of sensory papillae were identified. Large domed papillae (3-5 micrometer), which were covered with wrinkled plasma membrane of the worm, were distributed on the oral and ventral suckers only. On the oral sucker, these large domed papillae were 12-13 in number. On the other hand large domed papillae on the ventral sucker were constantly 6 in number and hexagonal in distribution. Small domed papillae (2-3 micrometer), of which surface was more smooth than those of large ones, were distributed symmetrically on the ventral (30-32 pairs) and dorsal surfaces (40-42 pairs).
Ciliated papillae (0.8-1.5 micrometer) were observed about 5-6 in number around the oral sucker and 3-5 pairs each on the ventral and dorsal surface of the body. Single pointed spines covered the entire surface of the body except around the excretory pore. Spines on the anterior part of the body were 0.9-2.0 micrometer in length and 45-55/100 square micrometer in number, and were gradually reduced in length (0.4-1.4 micrometer) and in number (12-27/100 square micrometer) toward the posterior part. The body wall of P.
westermani metacercariae was consisted with anucleated syncytium layer, fibrous interstitial layer and musclar layer. In the anucleated syncytium, biconcave (0.15-0.55 micrometer) and spherical (0.08-0.16 micrometer) secretory granules, which were transferred from epidermal cells via protoplasmic tubules, mitochondria and ribosomes, were observed. Spines originated around the basement membrane protruded externally. Epidermal cells were consisted with a nucleus and a cytoplasm, and connected to syncytium with protoplasmic tubules. In the cytoplasm many secretory granules, mitochondria, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticula, ribosomes and lipid droplets were observed.
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Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Korea D W Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 79. CrossRef
Tegumental ultrastructures of Paragonimus iloktsuenensis according to the developmental stages S H Lee, S J Kim, J Y Chai, W M Sohn The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1989; 27(1): 57. CrossRef
Circulating antigens in rats experimentally infected with Paragonimus westermani were examined by ELISA. From a total of 22 albino rats, each fed with 25 metacercariae, blood samples were collected until 12 weeks after infection. The specific antibodies against P. westermani in the serum of an infected cat were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE anion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography serially. So-called double antibody sandwich ELISA method was used for the detection of circulationg antigens. The results were as follows: Mean value of O.D. in control sera was 0.04 (S.D.=0.04). After infection, mean O.D.(S.D) values were changed serially: 0.03(0.01) at 0.5 week(3 days), 0.55(0.50) at 1 week, 0.69(0.45) at 1.5week, 0.20(0.19) at 2 weeks and 0.13(0.10) at 2.5 weeks of infection. They returned, thereafter, to the level before infection. When 0.16(mean+3 S.D.) were considered as cut-off value, those higher than 0.16 were observed only in the sera collected between 1 and 2.5 weeks after infection. Average 8.4 immature worms (2.2 from the lungs and pleural cavities; 6.2 from muscles) were recovered in a rat at 12 weeks after infection. The fact that circulating antigens were not detected after 3 weeks of infection was considered to be caused by the formation of antigen-antibody complexs.
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Serodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis by ELISA-inhibition test using monoclonal antibodies T S Yong, J H Seo, I S Yeo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(2): 141. CrossRef
Blastogenesis of splenic lymphocytes to specific antigens and PHA in Paragonimus westermani infected mice D Y Min, M H Shin, R Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(1): 43. CrossRef
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In order to observe the feasibility of serologic diagnosis of metagonimiasis, saline extracts of metacercariae and 4-week old adults were prepared. Sera from 25 experimentally infected cats were collected from 3 days to 12 weeks after infection. Their levels of specific IgG antibody were measured by ELISA together with 3 sera from non-infected cats. Specific IgG antibody levels began to rise in 7 days after infection, reached their peak in 2-4 weeks and made a plateau thereafter. Cats infected with hundreds of adult worms showed minimal rise of the antibody level. Adult antigen was superior to metacercarial antigen in detecting the specific IgG antibody.
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Serologic test by ELISA would be a valuable tool for confirming chronic anisakiasis.
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Detection of Sarcocystis spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in swine and detection of DNA of these protozoa in tissues and sausages Bruna Dias Espindola, Fagner D’ambroso Fernandes, Isac Junior Roman, Gisele Vaz Aguirre Samoel, Roberto Antônio Delgado Barcelos, Alisson Rodrigues Döhler, Sônia de Ávila Botton, Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel, Luis Antonio Sangioni Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Spatial distribution of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody-positive wild boars in Gifu Prefecture, Japan Taizo Saito, Yuko Kitamura, Eiji Tanaka, Itsuki Ishigami, Yuji Taniguchi, Junji Moribe, Katsuya Kitoh, Yasuhiro Takashima Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Sensitivity and specificity of serological tests, histopathology and immunohistochemistry for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic chickens L. Casartelli-Alves, V.C. Boechat, R. Macedo-Couto, L.C. Ferreira, J.L. Nicolau, L.B. Neves, P.R. Millar, R.T. Vicente, R.V.C. Oliveira, A.G. Muniz, I.C.F. Bonna, M.R.R. Amendoeira, R.C. Silva, H. Langoni, T.M.P. Schubach, R.C. Menezes Veterinary Parasitology.2014; 204(3-4): 346. CrossRef
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In order to test the function of lymphocytes in Naegleria fowleri-infected mice, the in vitro blastogenic response of splenocyte cultures to non-specific mitogens was studied.
Concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide stimulation were used as tests of T cell and B cell function. For the first 14 days following N. fowleri infection, lymphoblastic transformation induced by T-cell mitogen was markedly reduced in comparison to the uninfected control mice. The blastogenic response to B-cell mitogen remained depressed in the infected mice up to 14 days after infection. The fluorescent antibody titers of sera of N. fowleri infected mice were between 1:4 and 1:32. The results suggest that there is a suppression of cell mediated immunity during the acute course of experimental Naegleria meningoencephalitis in mice.
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Fifty Years of the Korean Society for Parasitology Seung-Yull Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S7. CrossRef
An imported case of hepatic unilocular hydatid disease J Y Chai, M Seo, K S Suh, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1995; 33(2): 125. CrossRef
Cestode infections in Korea D Y Min The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 123. CrossRef
Pathogenic free-living amoebae K I Im The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 29. CrossRef
The chemotherapeutic efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) in mice experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii was evaluated. The average survival days and survival rate of mice infected intraperitoneally with 1 x 10(5) trophozoites and treated with Bactrim were compared with those of untreated group. The hematologic findings of blood samples of experimental mice were observed for comparison of side effects between Bactrim and pyrimethamine (Daraprim), the latter of which has been one of the favorable drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. The results are summarized as follows: Bactrim showed a strong evidence of potent anti-Toxoplasma activity. The survival rate of mice administered with 24 mg of Bactrim per mouse per day for 7 days, was 83.3 percent, and the rate was increased to 100 percent in mice administered with two-fold concentrated dose of the drug. The average numbers of white blood cells (W.B.C.) in the mouse groups treated with Bactrim or Daraprim were more increased than those only infected with T. gondi . The mice treated with Daraprim, however, showed remarkably decreased numbers of W.B.C. as compared with those treated with Bactrim. The average numbers of red blood cells (R.B.C.) and platelets both in the drug-treated and untreated T. gondii-infected mice were decreased as compared with normal mice. The numbers of R.B.C. in Daraprim-treated mice, however, were more decreased than in Bactrim-treated mice. The average levels of hemoglobin both in the drug-treated and untreated T. gondii-infected mice were decreased, compared with normal mice. But there was no difference in the levels of hemoglobin between Bactrim- and Daraprim-treated groups. In conclusion, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) was proven to be effective and safe for the treatment of murine toxoplasmosis. The efficacy was comparable with pyrimethamine (Daraprim), but bone marrow depression was less severe with Bactrim treatment.
A systematic mosquito taxonomic study in Korea was established by Lee in 1971. Since then, many species have been recorded as new to Korea. However, much of this taxonomic information has been distributed in a number of scientific publications. This work attempts to combine this information into a single document, as well as to synthesize revised taxonomic synonyms of species occurring in Korea.
Four species, Culex vorax, Culex kangi, Aedes kobayashii and Culiseta kanayamensis listed in our previous paper, are synonyms of Culex halifaxii, Culex jacksoni, Aedes alektorovi and Culiseta bergrothi, respectively. Culex annulus is a misidentified species of Culex pseudovishnui.
The subspecies Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and subgenus Mansonia (Coquillettidia) were treated as full species and genus respectively in a catalog of the mosquitoes of the world. However, not all current authors agree to those specific and generic treatment. Based on available publications the total number of mosquito species recorded in Korea is now 52 representing 9 genera. Forty-five of these 52 are confirmed species with preserved specimen representation. As collection of specimen continues, there is a possibility that representative of 7 unconfirmed species will be found. I hope this paper will provide useful information for entomology workers who are interested in mosquito taxonomy in Korea.
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A Diagnostic Algorithm to Serologically Differentiate West Nile Virus from Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infections and Its Validation in Field Surveillance of Poultry and Horses Jung-Yong Yeh, Ji-Hye Lee, Jee-Yong Park, Hyun-Ji Seo, Jin-San Moon, In-Soo Cho, Hee-Pah Kim, Young-Jin Yang, Kei-Myung Ahn, Soon-Goo Kyung, In-Soo Choi, Joong-Bok Lee Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2012; 12(5): 372. CrossRef
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Thirty-six females and 1 male of Aedes bekkui were captured at human bait in Kyungki Province, Korea Republic, in June 1987. This is the 1st time the species has been recorded from that country. Notes on the taxonomic diagnosis of adults and larvae are given.
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Distribution and Mosquito Hosts of Chaoyang Virus, a Newly Reported Flavivirus From the Republic of Korea, 2008–2011 Ratree Takhampunya, Heung Chul Kim, Bousaraporn Tippayachai, Dong-Kyu Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Sung-Tae Chong, Myung Soon Kim, John S. Lee, Terry A. Klein Journal of Medical Entomology.2014; 51(2): 464. CrossRef
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