Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

Previous issues

Volume 38(2); June 2000

Original Articles

Persistent endemicity of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in a southwestern coastal village of Korea with special reference to its egg laying capacity in the human host: Jong-Yil Chai, Geun Chan Lee, Yun-Kyu Park, Eun-Taek Han, Min Seo, Jin Kim, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Min-Ho Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):51-57.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.51

Abstract
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Follow-up studies have been conducted every three years on the endemicity of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in a small coastal village of Chollanam-do (Province), Korea, since it was first known as an endemic area in 1994. Special attention was given to its egg laying capacity in the human host. In fecal examinations, the overall helminth egg and/or cyst positive rate was 78.7% (74/94) in 1997 and 76.6% (82/107) in 2000. Among them G. seoi eggs showed the highest rate; 71.3% (67/94) in 1997 and 72.0% (77/107) in 2000. The average number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) was 1,015 in 1997, while a reduced rate of 353 was observed in 2000. In 1997, total of 320,677 adult flukes of G. seoi (av. 10,344/person, 94-69,125 in range) were collected from the diarrheic stools of 31 treated patients. The EPG/worm obtained from 21 cases ranged from 0.04 to 0.77 (av. 0.23), suggesting density-dependent constraints on the worm fecundity. The relationship between the worm burden (X) and EPG/worm (Y) can be expressed as Y=0.42 ·e^-1.2χ (r=0.49). The results showed that G. seoi infection is persistently endemic in this village.

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A potential zoonotic parasite, the digenean Gymnophalloides nacellae, on the Magellanic coast in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean: its life cycle and geographical distribution
Carmen Gilardoni, Gisele Di Giorgio, Estefanía Bagnato, Susana Pina, Pedro Rodrigues, Florencia Cremonte
Polar Biology.2020; 43(6): 725. CrossRef
Survey of Gymnophalloides seoi Metacercariae in Natural and Cultured Oysters from Several Western Coastal Areas, Korea
Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Jaeeun Cho, Sooji Hong, Keon-Hoon Lee, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Jisu Kang, Jini Lim, Hana Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 705. CrossRef
Current status of food-borne trematode infections
R. Toledo, J. G. Esteban, B. Fried
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2012; 31(8): 1705. CrossRef
Proteomics of foodborne trematodes
Rafael Toledo, M. Dolores Bernal, Antonio Marcilla
Journal of Proteomics.2011; 74(9): 1485. CrossRef
Surveys of Gynaecotyla squatarolae and Microphallus koreana (Digenea: Microphallidae) Metacercariae in Two Species of Estuarine Crabs in Western Coastal Areas, Korea
Hye Jung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Jin-Woo Lee, Ho Jin, Kwan-Hong Min, Yong-Jun Cho, Min Seo
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2010; 48(1): 81. CrossRef
Intestinal Helminth Infections in Feral Cats and a Raccoon Dog on Aphaedo Island, Shinan-gun, with a Special Note on Gymnophalloides seoi Infection in Cats
Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Lip Kim, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(2): 189. CrossRef
Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia
Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S69. CrossRef
A survey of Heterophyes nocens and Pygidiopsis summa metacercariae in mullets and gobies along the coastal areas of the Republic of Korea
Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Kwang-Sun Hong, Cheong-Ha Yoon, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(3): 205. CrossRef
A new endemic focus of Heterophyes nocens and other heterophyid infections in a coastal area of Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do
Jae-Hwan Park, Jae-Lip Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Yun-Kyu Park, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(1): 33. CrossRef
A new endemic focus of Gymnophalloides seoi infection on Aphae Island, Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do
Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Hyo-Jin Kim, Jae-Lip Kim, Min Seo, Yun-Kyu Park, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(1): 39. CrossRef
Collection of Clonorchis sinensis adult worms from infected humans after praziquantel treatment
Chenghua Shen, Jae-hwan Kim, Jeong-Keun Lee, Young Mee Bae, Min-Ho Choi, Jin-Kyoung Oh, Min Kyung Lim, Hai-Rim Shin, Sung-Tae Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(2): 149. CrossRef
Prevalence of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in coastal villages of Haenam-gun and Yeongam-gun, Republic of Korea
Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Aifen Lin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(1): 1. CrossRef
A case of colonic lymphoid tissue invasion by Gymnophalloides seoi in a Korean man
Min Seo, Hokyung Chun, Geunghwan Ahn, Kee-Taek Jang, Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(1): 87. CrossRef
Gymnophalloides seoi: a new human intestinal trematode
Jong-Yil Chai, Min-Ho Choi, Jae-Ran Yu, Soon-Hyung Lee
Trends in Parasitology.2003; 19(3): 109. CrossRef
Food-borne intestinal trematode infections in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee
Parasitology International.2002; 51(2): 129. CrossRef
Stictodora lari (Digenea: Heterophyidae): The Discovery of the First Human Infections
J-Y. Chai, E-T. Han, Y-K. Park, S-M. Guk, J-H. Park, S-H. Lee
Journal of Parasitology.2002; 88(3): 627. CrossRef
A review of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections in the Republic of Korea
Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(2): 85. CrossRef
A nationwide survey of the prevalence of human Gymnophalloides seoi infection on western and southern coastal islands in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Kwang-Seon Hong, Han-Jong Rim, Soon-Hyung Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(1): 23. CrossRef

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In vitro infection of Cryptosporidium parvum to four different cell lines: Jae-Ran Yu, Sung-Don Choi, Young-Wook Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):59-64.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.59

Abstract
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To determine a suitable condition for in vitro infection model of Cryptosporidium parvum, four different cell lines, AGS, MDCK, HCT-8 and Caco-2, were used as host cell lines which were cultured at various concentrations of added supplements. These supplement include fetal bovine serum (FBS), sodium choleate, ascorbic acid, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, para-aminobenzoic acid and pyruvate and their effects on the cell lines which were infected with C. parvum were evaluated. The results of this study showed that the AGS cell line was most susceptible to C. parvum whereas the Caco-2 cells appeared to be least susceptible to C. parvum. In regards to the serum condition, 10% FBS was suitable for the growth of AGS and HCT-8 cells, and 1% FBS was good for the growth of the MDCK cells when they were inoculated with C. parvum. Vitamines had a positive effect on the AGS cells, and pyruvate also showed positive effects on all of the cell lines except for Caco-2. Modified medium for each cell line was prepared by adding appropriate amounts of each supplement which resulted in the highest parasite infection number. Modified media increased the number of parasites infected on AGS cells to 2.3-fold higher when compared to the control media. In this study, we found that the AGS cell line was a suitable host model for evaluating C. parvum in vitro study and the media contents for the optimal infection conditions were suggested.

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Alyaa Farid, Aya Tawfik, Basil Elsioufy, Gehan Safwat
International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance.2021; 17: 156. CrossRef
Response of cell lines to actual and simulated inoculation with Cryptosporidium proliferans
Janka Melicherová, Lada Hofmannová, Andrea Valigurová
European Journal of Protistology.2018; 62: 101. CrossRef
A new in vitro model using small intestinal epithelial cells to enhance infection of Cryptosporidium parvum
Eunice A. Varughese, Christina L. Bennett-Stamper, Larry J. Wymer, Jagjit S. Yadav
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Apicomplexan infections in the gut
C. L. Wilhelm, F. Yarovinsky
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Evolution of Cryptosporidium in vitro culture
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Morphology and infectivity of virus that persistently caused infection in an AGS cell line
Yukimasa Ooi, Eriko Daikoku, Hong Wu, Hiroaki Aoki, Chizuko Morita, Takashi Nakano, Takehiro Kohno, Tomohiko Takasaki, Kouichi Sano
Medical Molecular Morphology.2011; 44(4): 213. CrossRef
Determining GFP Activity in HCT-8 Cells Infected withCryptosporidium Parvumby Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Nested PCR
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Transient expression of red and yellow fluorescent protein vectors in HCT-8 cells ınfected with Cryptosporidium parvum
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In vitro development of Cryptosporidium parvum in serum-free media
K.M. Woods, S.J. Upton
Letters in Applied Microbiology.2007; 44(5): 520. CrossRef
Cryptosporidium p30, a Galactose/N-Acetylgalactosamine-specific Lectin, Mediates Infection in Vitro
Najma Bhat, Angela Joe, Mercio PereiraPerrin, Honorine D. Ward
Journal of Biological Chemistry.2007; 282(48): 34877. CrossRef
In vitro culture of Cryptosporidium muris in a human stomach adenocarcinoma cell line
Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Woo-Yoon Park, Jae-Ran Yu
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MICROBIAL ADHESION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM SPOROZOITES: PURIFICATION OF AN INHIBITORY LIPID FROM BOVINE MUCOSA
Julie K. Johnson, Joann Schmidt, Howard B. Gelberg, Mark S. Kuhlenschmidt
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IcsB, secreted via the type III secretion system, is chaperoned by IpgA and required at the post‐invasion stage of Shigella pathogenicity
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The effect of microfilament inhibitor on the Cryptosporidium infection in vitro
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Non-specific activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages by a freshwater ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis: Younghun Jung, Ki-Sun Kim, Pyung-Rim Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):65-74.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.65

Abstract
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Toxoplasma-killing activities of mouse peritoneal macrophages activated by the extracts of Tetrahymena pyriformis (Korean and Chinese strains) were evaluated, and the active protein fractions from both strains were partially characterized by a method including chromatographies and SDS-PAGE. The first peak in Korean strain and the second peak in Chinese strain of T. pyriformis obtained by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography were most effective in the activation of macrophages to kill Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro. Subsequent fractionations of obtained peak fractions were performed on a Sephadex G-200 gel. The first peaks fractionated from both strains of T. pyriformis had the highest toxoplasmacidal activities, and when subjected to the SDS-PAGE, one prominent band was visualized for each of the strains showing the same molecular weight of ca. 52.6 kDa. This active protein is suggested to be related to non-specific activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages.

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Persisting antibody reaction in paragonimiasis after praziquantel treatment is elicited mainly by egg antigens: Seung-Yull Cho, Yoon Kong, Doo-Hee Yun, Shin-Yong Kang, Lee-Soo Kim, Young-Bae Chung, Hyun-Jong Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):75-84.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.75

Abstract
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Antibody responses in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with active and chronic paragonimiasis and in sera from patients on whom follow-up studies were done after praziquantel treatment were analyzed using antigens of Paragonimus westermani prepared from eggs, metacercariae, juveniles of 4- and 7-week old, adult worms and recombinant protein of 28 kDa cruzipain-like cysteine protease (rPw28CCP). The patient sera/CSFs of active and chronic paragonimiasis revealed strong antibody reactions against the crude extracts of 4- and 7-week old juveniles as well as against those from egg and adult. rPw28CCP also showed specific reaction to the sera with active paragonimiasis. After the treatment, levels of specific antibodies in the sera gradually decreased to negative range in most patients. In some cases with persisting high antibody levels, however, the reactions at 27 kDa egg protein were sustained throughout the observation period of 34 months. The reactions at 35 and 32 kDa in adult extract and rPw28CCP disappeared rapidly after the treatment. Persistent antibody reactions even after successful treatment are provoked by continuous antigenic challenge from eggs which were not resolved by treatment.

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Sequential analysis of cell differentials and IFN-γ production of splenocytes from mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii: Young-Ha Lee, Dae-Whan Shin, Lloyd H. Kasper; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):85-90.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.85

Abstract
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To assess the relationship between the changes of cellular components and the production of Th1 cytokine in the immune tissue, inbred C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with 40 cysts of 76K strain of Toxoplasma gondii. The sequential change of cell differentials and IFN-γ production of splenocytes were analyzed by Diff-Quik stain and RT-PCR. There were no significant proportional changes of cellular components of splenocytes until day 4 postinfection (PI) as compared to those of day 0, and the relative percentage of macrophages and neutrophils/eosinophils increased significantly (p<0.01) thereafter. The expression of IFN-γ mRNA of CD3^- cells was observed from day 1 PI at a low level. However, IFN-γ production of CD3⁺ cells increased significantly from day 4 PI (p<0.01) which progressively increased thereafter. These findings provide the relative percentages of granulocytes and macrophages were increased in conjunction with increase of total number of splenocytes after oral infection with T. gondii in the susceptible murine hosts, and lymphocytes were the major cellular components and the important source of IFN-γ.

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in the residents of Cheju island, Korea: Hyun-Jong Yang, Kwang-Nam Jin, Yong-Keun Park, Seong-Chul Hong, Jong-Myon Bae, Sung-Hee Lee, Hyun-Sik Choi, Hwan-Sik Hwang, Young-Bae Chung, Nam-Seok Lee, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):91-93.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.91

Abstract
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This study was performed to evaluate the epidemiological status of toxoplasmosis among the residents of Cheju island. The sera of local students from 18 high schools (boys 2110, girls 2460) and those of adults (474 admitted to Cheju Chungang General Hospital) were collected and checked for the IgG antibody titers against Toxoplasma gondii. Serum samples collected from both the students and adults showed sero-positive rate of 5.5% and 12.9%, respectively. Although the rates were not significantly different between the sexes (5.4% for the boys and 5.5% for the girls attending school), the geographical difference showed a significant difference between the urban (4.6~6.9%) and rural areas (5.6~8.8%) (p<0.05). Based on the high positive rates, it should be necessary to control toxoplasmosis in Cheju island.

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Partial characterization of a 17 kDa protein of Clonorchis sinensis: Young-Bae Chung, Byung-Suk Chung, Min-Ho Choi, Jong-Yil Chai, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):95-97.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.95

Abstract
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A 17 kDa protein from Clonorchis sinensis adults was purified by a procedure including Sephacryl S-200 HR gel filtration and Q-Sepharose anion exchange chromatography. The protein was proved to be a cysteine protease as it showed hydrolytic activity toward Cbz-Phe-Arg-AMC in the presence of dithiothreitol and was inhibited by specific inhibitors such as iodoacetic acid or trans epoxy-succinly-L-leucyl-amido(4-guanidino) butane. The polyclonal antibody raised against the protein reacted to 17 kDa proteins of trematodes such as Paragonimus westermani, Fasciola hepatica, Opisthorchis viverrini, Gymnophalloides seoi, and Metagonimus yokogawai. The antibody recognized the 17 kDa and 16 kDa cysteine proteases purified from C. sinensis, P. westermani, and G. seoi as well. These results suggest that the 17 kDa protein may be a cysteine protease commonly present in trematodes.

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Characterization of immunogenic Clonorchis sinensis protein fractions by gel filtration chromatography
Duan Pham Ngoc, Yuji Arimatsu, Sasithorn Kaewkes, Banchob Sripa
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.2015; 5(4): 284. CrossRef
Identification of a serodiagnostic antigen, legumain, by immunoproteomic analysis of excretory‐secretory products of Clonorchis sinensis adult worms
Jung‐Won Ju, Hyun‐Na Joo, Myoung‐Ro Lee, Shin‐Hyeong Cho, Hyeng‐Il Cheun, Jung‐Yeon Kim, Young‐Hee Lee, Kwang‐Jun Lee, Woon‐Mok Sohn, Dong‐Min Kim, Il‐Chul Kim, Byoung Chul Park, Tong‐Soo Kim
PROTEOMICS.2009; 9(11): 3066. CrossRef
Characterization of cysteine proteases from the carcinogenic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini
Natthawut Kaewpitoon, Thewarach Laha, Sasithorn Kaewkes, Puangrat Yongvanit, Paul J. Brindley, Alex Loukas, Banchob Sripa
Parasitology Research.2008; 102(4): 757. CrossRef
A cathepsin F of adult Clonorchis sinensis and its phylogenetic conservation in trematodes
T. H. KANG, D.-H. YUN, E.-H. B. LEE, Y.-B. CHUNG, Y.-A. BAE, J.-Y. CHUNG, I. KANG, J. KIM, S.-Y. CHO, Y. KONG
Parasitology.2004; 128(2): 195. CrossRef
Excretory-secretory antigen is better than crude antigen for the serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis by ELISA
Min-Ho Choi, Il Chan Park, Shunyu Li, Sung-Tae Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2003; 41(1): 35. CrossRef
EXPRESSION OF CYSTEINE PROTEINASE OF CLONORCHIS SINENSIS AND ITS USE IN SERODIAGNOSIS OF CLONORCHIASIS
Byoung-Kuk Na, Hye-Jeong Lee, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hyeong-Woo Lee, Jung-Hwa Cho, Weon-Gyu Kho, Joon-Sang Lee, Jong-Soo Lee, Kyoung-Ju Song, Po-Hyun Park, Chul-Yong Song, Tong-Soo Kim
Journal of Parasitology.2002; 88(5): 1000. CrossRef

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In vitro cytotoxicity of Acanthamoeba spp. isolated from contact lens containers in Korea by crystal violet staining and LDH release assay: Ho-Joon Shin, Myung-Soo Cho, Suk-Yul Jung, Hyung-Il Kim, Kyung-il Im; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):99-102.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.99

Abstract
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In order to observe the cytotoxicity of Acanthamoeba spp., which were isolated from contact lens containers as ethiological agents for the probable amoebic keratitis in Korea, the crystal violet staining method and LDH release assay were carried out. In the crystal violet staining method, among eight contact lens container isolates, isolate 3 (Acanthamoeba KA/LS5) showed 83.6% and 81.8% of cytotoxicity, and isolate 7 (Acanthamoeba KA/LS37) showed 28.2% and 25.1% of cytotoxicity, in 1 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml lysate treatments, respectively. Acanthamoeba culbertsoni and A. healyi showed 84.0% and 82.8% of cytotoxicity. Similar results were observed in A. castellanii and A. hatchetti which showed 83.6% and 75.5% of cytotoxicity. Acanthamoeba royreba and A. polyphaga showed 9.0% and 1.7% of cytotoxicity. In the LDH release assay, isolate 3 (20.4%) showed higher cytotoxicity than other isolates in 1 mg/ml lysate treatment. The results provide that at least isolate 3 has the cytotoxic effect against CHO cells and seems to be the pathogenic strain.

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The acantamoeba lesions of the cornea (diagnosis) (Review of literature)
A. A. Kasparov, N. R. Marchenko, E. A. Kasparova
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Acanthamoeba royreba: Morphological features and in vitro cytopathic effect
Arturo González-Robles, Lizbeth Salazar-Villatoro, Maritza Omaña-Molina, Jacob Lorenzo-Morales, Adolfo Martínez-Palomo
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Ho-Joon Shin, Kyung-il Im
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Excretory-secretory product of Paragonimus westermani newly excysted metacercariae inhibits superoxide production of granulocytes stimulated with IgG: Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):103-106.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.103

Abstract
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It is well known that the cysteine proteases in excretory-secretory product (ESP) of Paragonimus westermani newly excysted metacercariae (PwNEM) are capable of degrading IgG in vitro. Recent evidence suggests that the IgG-coated surface, such as found on parasites, is one of the most effective physiologic stimuli for granulocyte activation. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of excretory-secretory product (ESP) of PwNEM on superoxide production of granulocytes stimulated with IgG. The 96-well plates were coated with human IgG (0, 10, 30, 100 ?g/ml) in the absence or presence of ESP. When granulocytes were incubated in the wells coated with human IgG in the presence of ESP, the level of superoxide production of granulocytes was reduced to about 90% when compared to the cells incubated in the wells coated with IgG alone. This inhibitory effect of the ESP on IgG-induced superoxide production of granulocytes was concentration-dependent. These results suggest that ESP secreted by PwNEM may be important in the control of effector functions of granulocytes stimulated with IgG in human paragonimiasis.

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Excretory-secretory product of third-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae induces apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Nareerat Viseshakul, Wilanee Dechkhajorn, Surachet Benjathummarak, Supaporn Nuamtanong, Yaowapa Maneerat
Parasitology Research.2017; 116(10): 2783. CrossRef
Superoxide Anion Production by Human Neutrophils Activated by Trichomonas vaginalis
Hyun-Ouk Song, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(4): 479. CrossRef
Excretory-Secretory Products Produced by Paragonimus westermani Differentially Regulate the Nitric Oxide Production and Viability of Microglial Cells
Youngnam Jin, Jae-Chul Lee, In Young Choi, Eun A. Kim, Myeong Heon Shin, Won-Ki Kim
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology.2006; 139(1): 16. CrossRef

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A role of carboxy-terminal region of Toxoplasma gondii-heat shock protein 70 in enhancement of T. gondii infection in mice: Hye-Seong Mun, Kazumi Norose, Fumie Aosai, Mei Chen, Akihiko Yano; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):107-110.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.107

Abstract
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We investigated the role of recombinant Toxoplasma gondii heat shock protein (rT.g.HSP) 70-full length, rT.g.HSP70-NH2-terminal region, or rT.g.HSP70-carboxy-terminal region in prophylactic immunity in C57BL/6 mice perorally infected with Fukaya cysts of T. gondii. At 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after infection, the number of T. gondii in the brain tissue of each mouse was measured by quantitative competitive-polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) targeting the surface antigen (SAG) 1 gene. Immunization with rT.g.HSP70-full length or rT.g.HSP70-carboxy-terminal region increased the number of T.gondii in the brain tissue after T. gondii infection, whereas immunization with rT.g.HSP70-NH₂-terminal region did not. These results suggest that T.g.HSP70-carboxy-terminal region as well as T.g.HSP70-full length may induce deleterious effects on the protective immunity of mice infected with a cyst-forming T. gondii strain, Fukaya.

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Microbiology and Immunology.2003; 47(7): 533. CrossRef

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The first human case of Trichinella spiralis infection in Korea: Woon-Mok Sohn, Han-Mo Kim, Dong-Il Chung, Sung Tae Yee; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):111-115.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.111

Abstract
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Three cases of human infection by Trichinella spiralis were first confirmed by detecting encysted larvae in the biopsied muscle in December 1997, in Korea. The patients were one 35- and two 39-year-old males residing in Kochang-gun, Kyongsangnam-do. They had a common past history of eating raw liver, spleen, blood and muscle of a badger, Meles meles melanogenys, and complained of high fever, facial and periorbital edema, and myalgia. Hematologic and biochemical examinations revealed leukocytosis and eosinophilia, and highly elevated levels of GOT, GPT, LDH and CPK. In the gastrocnemius muscle of a patient, roundly coiled nematode larvae were detected. The larvae measured 0.775-1.050 (av. 0.908) mm in length, and 0.026-0.042 (av. 0.035) mm in maximum width. The specific IgG antibody levels in three patients' sera were significantly higher when compared with those of normal controls. The patients were treated with flubendazole and albendazole for 15-30 days, and discharged at 13-34 days post-admission. From the above findings, it was confirmed that T. spiralis is present in Korea, and the badger plays a role of as the natural host.

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