Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Volume 45(4); December 2007

Original Articles

Viscerotropic growth pattern of Leishmania tropica in BALB/c mice is suggestive of a murine model for human viscerotropic leishmaniasis: Hamid Mahmoudzadeh-Niknam, Simin Sadat Kiaei, Davood Iravani; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):247-253.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.247

Abstract
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Leishmania (L.) tropica is a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and occasionally of visceral or viscerotropic leishmaniasis in humans. Murine models of Leishmania infection have been proven to be useful for elucidation of mechanisms for pathogenesis and immunity in leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to establish a murine model for human viscerotropic leishmaniasis, and the growth pattern of L. tropica was studied in different tissues of BALB/c mice in order to find out whether the parasite visceralizes in this murine model. L. major was used as a control as this species is known to cause a progressive infection in BALB/c mice. L. tropica or L. major was injected into the footpad of mice, and thickness of footpad, parasite loads in different tissues, and the weight of the spleen and lymph node were determined at different intervals. Results showed that L. tropica visceralizes to the spleen and grows there while its growth is controlled in footpad tissues. Dissemination of L. tropica to visceral organs in BALB/c mice was similar to the growth patterns of this parasite in human viscerotropic leishmaniasis. The BALB/c model of L. tropica infection may be considered as a good experimental model for human diseases.

Citations

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Influence of sex hormones on the immune response to leishmaniasis
Layana Pachêco de Araújo Albuquerque, Amanda Miranda da Silva, Francisca Miriane de Araújo Batista, Ingridi de Souza Sene, Dorcas Lamounier Costa, Carlos Henrique Nery Costa
Parasite Immunology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani infection in vitro and in vivo
Farhat Afrin, Garima Chouhan, Mohammad Islamuddin, Muzamil Y. Want, Hani A. Ozbak, Hassan A. Hemeg, Fabiano Oliveira
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2019; 13(5): e0007227. CrossRef
Sex-Related Differences in Immune Response and Symptomatic Manifestations to Infection with Leishmania Species
Ryan D. Lockard, Mary E. Wilson, Nilda E. Rodríguez
Journal of Immunology Research.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Heterogeneity of humoral immune response to Leishmania tropica in an experimental model
Mosayeb Rostamian, Alisha Akya, Hamid M. Niknam
Parasitology Research.2019; 118(4): 1231. CrossRef
Leishmania tropica: suggestive evidences for the effect of infectious dose on pathogenicity and immunogenicity in an experimental model
Mosayeb Rostamian, Davood Jafari, Maryam Abolghazi, Hadiseh Farahani, Hamid M. Niknam
Parasitology Research.2018; 117(9): 2949. CrossRef
Vaccination with whole-cell killed or recombinant leishmanial protein and toll-like receptor agonists against Leishmania tropica in BALB/c mice
Mosayeb Rostamian, Fariborz Bahrami, Hamid M. Niknam, Humberto Lanz-Mendoza
PLOS ONE.2018; 13(9): e0204491. CrossRef
Development of a Murine Infection Model withLeishmania killicki, Responsible for Cutaneous Leishmaniosis in Algeria: Application in Pharmacology
Naouel Eddaikra, Ihcene Kherachi Djenad, Sihem Benbetka, Razika Benikhlef, Khatima Aït-Oudhia, Farida Moulti-Mati, Bruno Oury, Denis Sereno, Zoubir Harrat
BioMed Research International.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef
Leishmanicidal Activity of Piper nigrum Bioactive Fractions is Interceded via Apoptosis In Vitro and Substantiated by Th1 Immunostimulatory Potential In Vivo
Garima Chouhan, Mohammad Islamuddin, Muzamil Y. Want, Hani A. Ozbak, Hassan A. Hemeg, Dinkar Sahal, Farhat Afrin
Frontiers in Microbiology.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Experimental acquisition, development, and transmission of Leishmania tropica by Phlebotomus duboscqi
Hanafi A. Hanafi, El-Shaimaa M. Nour El-Din, Shabaan S.I. El-Hossary, Rania M. Kaldas, Jeffrey T. Villinski, Barry D. Furman, David J. Fryauff
Acta Tropica.2013; 125(1): 37. CrossRef
The Route of Leishmania tropica Infection Determines Disease Outcome and Protection against Leishmania major in BALB/c Mice
Hamid Mahmoudzadeh-Niknam, Ghader Khalili, Firoozeh Abrishami, Ali Najafy, Vahid Khaze
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(1): 69. CrossRef
Molecular epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis and heterogeneity of Leishmania major strains in Iran
Hamid Mahmoudzadeh‐Niknam, Soheila Ajdary, Farhad Riazi‐Rad, Ebrahim Mirzadegan, Abdolhossein Rezaeian, Vahid Khaze, Navid D. Djadid, Mohammad H. Alimohammadian
Tropical Medicine & International Health.2012; 17(11): 1335. CrossRef
Leishmania tropica experimental infection in the rat using luciferase-transfected parasites
Dalit Talmi-Frank, Charles L. Jaffe, Abedelmajeed Nasereddin, Gad Baneth
Veterinary Parasitology.2012; 187(1-2): 57. CrossRef
Protective immunity against Leishmania major induced by Leishmania tropica infection of BALB/c mice
Hamid Mahmoudzadeh-Niknam, Simin Sadat Kiaei, Davood Iravani
Experimental Parasitology.2011; 127(2): 448. CrossRef
The role of host genetics in leishmaniasis
Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren, Simon J. Foote, Emanuela Handman
Trends in Parasitology.2009; 25(8): 383. CrossRef

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Protective effect of lectin from Synadenium carinatum on Leishmania amazonensis infection in BALB/c mice: Sandra R. Afonso-Cardoso, Fl?vio H. Rodrigues, M?rcio A.B. Gomes, Adriano G. Silva, Ademir Rocha, Aparecida H.B. Guimar?es, Ign?s Candeloro, S?lvio Favoreto, Marcelo S. Ferreira, Maria A. de Souza; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):255-266.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.255

Abstract
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The protective effect of the Synadenium carinatum latex lectin (ScLL), and the possibility of using it as an adjuvant in murine model of vaccination against American cutaneous leishmaniasis, were evaluated. BALB/c mice were immunized with the lectin ScLL (10, 50, 100 ?g/animal) separately or in association with the soluble Leishmania amazonensis antigen (SLA). After a challenge infection with 10⁶ promastigotes, the injury progression was monitored weekly by measuring the footpad swelling for 10 weeks. ScLL appeared to be capable of conferring partial protection to the animals, being most evident when ScLL was used in concentrations of 50 and 100 ?g/animal. Also the parasite load in the interior of macrophages showed significant reduction (61.7%) when compared to the control group. With regard to the cellular response, ScLL 50 and 100 ?g/animal stimulated the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction significantly (P < 0.05) higher than SLA or SLA plus ScLL 10 weeks after the challenge infection. The detection of high levels of IgG2a and the expression of mRNA cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α (Th1 profiles), corroborated the protective role of this lectin against cutaneous leishmaniasis. This is the first report of the ScLL effect on leishmaniasis and shows a promising role for ScLL to be explored in other experimental models for treatment of leishmaniasis.

Citations

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Partial characterization of purified glycoprotein from nutshell of Arachis hypogea L. towards macrophage activation and leishmaniacidal activity
Sujatha Srinivasan, Mamilla R. Charan Raja, Amrita Kar, Aishwarya Ramasamy, Adithyan Jayaraman, Vellingiri Vadivel, Santanu Kar Mahapatra
Glycoconjugate Journal.2023; 40(1): 1. CrossRef
Microgramma vacciniifolia Frond Lectin: In Vitro Anti-leishmanial Activity and Immunomodulatory Effects Against Internalized Amastigote Forms of Leishmania amazonensis
Lethícia Maria de Souza Aguiar, Michel Muálem de Moraes Alves, Enoque Pereira Costa Sobrinho Júnior, Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva, Fernando Aécio de Amorim Carvalho, Lidiane Pereira de Albuquerque, Leydianne Leite de Siqueira Patriota, Thiago Henrique Napo
Acta Parasitologica.2023; 68(4): 869. CrossRef
Plant-derived immuno-adjuvants in vaccines formulation: a promising avenue for improving vaccines efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 virus
Arbind Kumar, Aashish Sharma, Narendra Vijay Tirpude, Yogendra Padwad, Vipin Hallan, Sanjay Kumar
Pharmacological Reports.2022; 74(6): 1238. CrossRef
Ovicidal and toxicological effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Euphorbia milli var splendens, Synadenium carinatum Boiss and Tagetes minuta L. against Ancylostoma spp.: In vitro study
Matheus Diniz Gonçalves Coêlho, Lucas Tobias Rodrigues Maciel, Thaís de Fátima Kieko Ozaki, Maria Eduarda Godoi Silva, Lilian Saito Ormachea Bozo, Yumi Ando Consoli, Fernanda Bueno Sant’Anna Pereira-Maciel, Gokithi Akisue, Francine Alves da Silva-Coêlho
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2021; 45(1): 252. CrossRef
Edwardsiella piscicida Type III Secretion System Effector EseK Inhibits Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation and Promotes Bacterial Colonization in Zebrafish Larvae
Huifang Cao, Fajun Han, Jinchao Tan, Mingyu Hou, Yuanxing Zhang, Dahai Yang, Qin Liu, Shelley M. Payne
Infection and Immunity.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Plant lectins ConBr and CFL modulate expression toll-like receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce the bacterial burden in macrophages infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
JEC Batista, MT Ralph, RV Vaz, PFC Souza, AB Silva, DCO Nascimento, LT Souza, MV Ramos, P Mastroeni, JV Lima-Filho
Phytomedicine.2017; 25: 52. CrossRef
Targeting the Immune System with Plant Lectins to Combat Microbial Infections
Jannyson J. B. Jandú, Roberval N. Moraes Neto, Adrielle Zagmignan, Eduardo M. de Sousa, Maria C. A. Brelaz-de-Castro, Maria T. dos Santos Correia, Luís C. N. da Silva
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Lectins from Synadenium carinatum (ScLL) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (ArtinM) Are Able to Induce Beneficial Immunomodulatory Effects in a Murine Model for Treatment of Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Eliézer L. P. Ramos, Silas S. Santana, Murilo V. Silva, Fernanda M. Santiago, Tiago W. P. Mineo, José R. Mineo
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Porifera Lectins: Diversity, Physiological Roles and Biotechnological Potential
Johan Gardères, Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki, Bojan Hamer, Renato Batel, Heinz Schröder, Werner Müller
Marine Drugs.2015; 13(8): 5059. CrossRef
Adjuvant and immunostimulatory effects of a D-galactose-binding lectin from Synadenium carinatum latex (ScLL) in the mouse model of vaccination against neosporosis
Mariana R D Cardoso, Caroline M Mota, Dâmaso P Ribeiro, Pablo G Noleto, William B F Andrade, Maria A Souza, Neide M Silva, Tiago W P Mineo, José R Mineo, Deise A O Silva
Veterinary Research.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of the Synadenium carinatum latex lectin (ScLL) on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection in murine macrophages
Sandra R. Afonso-Cardoso, Claudio Vieira Silva, Marcelo S. Ferreira, Maria A. Souza
Experimental Parasitology.2011; 128(1): 61. CrossRef
A lactose specific lectin from the sponge Cinachyrella apion: Purification, characterization, N-terminal sequences alignment and agglutinating activity on Leishmania promastigotes
Danielle S. Medeiros, Thales L. Medeiros, Jannison K.C. Ribeiro, Norberto K.V. Monteiro, Ludovico Migliolo, Adriana F. Uchoa, Ilka Maria Vasconcelos, Adeliana S. Oliveira, Maurício. P. de Sales, Elizeu A. Santos
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2010; 155(3): 211. CrossRef
Mechanism of Trypanosoma cruzi death induced by Cratylia mollis seed lectin
M. P. Fernandes, N. M. Inada, M. R. Chiaratti, F. F. B. Araújo, F. V. Meirelles, M. T. S. Correia, L. C. B. B. Coelho, M. J. M. Alves, F. R. Gadelha, A. E. Vercesi
Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes.2010; 42(1): 69. CrossRef
Angiogenic activity of Synadenium umbellatum Pax latex
PR. Melo-Reis, LS. Andrade, CB. Silva, LMM. Araújo, MS. Pereira, F. Mrue, L. Chen-Chen
Brazilian Journal of Biology.2010; 70(1): 189. CrossRef

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Treatment of natural tropical theileriosis with the extract of the plant Peganum harmala: Mohammad Mirzaei; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):267-271.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.267

Abstract
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Theileria annulata, a protozoan parasite of cattle and domestic buffaloes, is transmitted by ticks of the genus Hyalomma, and causes a disease named Mediterranean or tropical theileriosis. In this research 50 cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata were treated with the extract of the plant Peganum harmala. The treatment was continued for 5 days, the dose of the extract being 5 mg/kg per day. After the treatment, 39 cattle responded to the treatment and recovered, but 11 did not respond to the treatment and died. The recovery rate of animals treated with the extract of the plant Peganum harmala was 78%.

Citations

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Metabolic profiling reveals first evidence of fumigating drug plant Peganum harmala in Iron Age Arabia
Barbara Huber, Marta Luciani, Ahmed M. Abualhassan, Daniel Giddings Vassão, Ricardo Fernandes, Thibaut Devièse
Communications Biology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Therapeutic evaluation of Buparvaquone and Peganum harmala against theileriosis in cattle
S. A. Lokhande, M. F. M. F. Siddiqui, M. P. Sakhare, G. M. Chigure, N. D. Jadhav, S. Sajid Ali, S. D. Chepte, S. R. Shaikh, P. C. Ahire
Tropical Animal Health and Production.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
In vivo investigation of the inhibitory effect of Peganum harmala L. and its major alkaloids on ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats
Summya Rashid, Maryam Sameti, Mohammed H. Alqarni, Fatma M. Abdel Bar
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2023; 300: 115752. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors assessment of theileriosis in livestock of Malakand Division, Pakistan
Mohsinullah Mohsin, Khalid Hameed, Mustafa Kamal, Asad Ali, Naseem Rafiq, Tahir Usman, Wali Khan, Ansar Ahmed Abbasi, Rahmat Ullah Khan, Gulalai Jamal Yousafzai
Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences.2022; 21(4): 242. CrossRef
Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, and Antiparasitic Activities of Peganum harmala and Its Ingredients: A Review
Zihao Zhu, Shujuan Zhao, Changhong Wang
Molecules.2022; 27(13): 4161. CrossRef
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of asymmetric dimeric β-carboline derivatives as potential antitumor agents
Liang Guo, Wei Chen, Rihui Cao, Wenxi Fan, Qin Ma, Jie Zhang, Bin Dai
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2018; 147: 253. CrossRef
In vitro ovicidal activity of Peganum harmala seeds extract on the eggs of Fasciola hepatica
Mohammad Moazeni, Zahra Sadat Saadaty Ardakani, Mohammad Jamal Saharkhiz, Jafar Jalaei, Ali Asghar Khademolhoseini, Shahab Shams Esfand Abad, Amir Mootabi Alavi
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2017; 41(2): 467. CrossRef
A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the genus Peganum
Shuping Li, Xuemei Cheng, Changhong Wang
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2017; 203: 127. CrossRef
Ultrastructure of Theileria-infected blood cells of loggerhead turtles
Alessandra Pica
Comparative Clinical Pathology.2015; 24(4): 711. CrossRef
Prevalence of theileriosis in cross-bred cattle: its detection through blood smear examination and polymerase chain reaction in Dehradun district, Uttarakhand, India
Shweta Kohli, U. K. Atheya, A. Thapliyal
Veterinary World.2014; 7(3): 168. CrossRef
Medicinal plants as alternative for control of livestock parasites. 2. Protozoa
M B CHHABRA, K M L PATHAK, K MURALEEDHARAN
The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Haematochemical Parameters in Crossbred Cattle Naturally Infected with Theileria annulata in Iran
A.P.R. Saber, M. Khorrami, M. Nouri
International Journal of Dairy Science.2008; 3(4): 205. CrossRef

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Predictive score of uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients turning to severe malaria: Noppadon Tangpukdee, Srivicha Krudsood, Vipa Thanachartwet, Chatnapa Duangdee, Siriphan Paksala, Putza Chonsawat, Siripan Srivilairit, Sornchai Looareesuwan, Polrat Wilairatana; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):273-282.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.273

Abstract
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In acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria, there is a continuum from mild to severe malaria. However, no mathematical system is available to predict uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients turning to severe malaria. This study aimed to devise a simple and reliable model of Malaria Severity Prognostic Score (MSPS). The study was performed in adult patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria admitted to the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases between 2000 and 2005. Total 38 initial clinical parameters were identified to predict the usual recovery or deterioration to severe malaria. The stepwise multiple discriminant analysis was performed to get a linear discriminant equation. The results showed that 4.3% of study patients turned to severe malaria. The MSPS = 4.38 (schizontemia) + 1.62 (gametocytemia) + 1.17 (dehydration) + 0.14 (overweight by body mass index; BMI) + 0.05 (initial pulse rate) + 0.04 (duration of fever before admission) - 0.50 (past history of malaria in last 1 year) - 0.48 (initial serum albumin) - 5.66. Based on the validation study in other malaria patients, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.8% and 88.4%, respectively. We conclude that the MSPS is a simple screening tool for predicting uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients turning to severe malaria. However, the MSPS may need revalidation in different geographical areas before utilized at specific places.

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Wanida Mala, Polrat Wilairatana, Chutharat Samerjai, Frederick Ramirez Masangkay, Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui, Manas Kotepui
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(3): 1196. CrossRef
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Katja Wyss, Andreas Wångdahl, Maria Vesterlund, Ulf Hammar, Saduddin Dashti, Pontus Naucler, Anna Färnert
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Hemoglobin Concentration and Parasitemia on Hospital Admission Predict Risk of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome among Adults with Malaria
Eduardo Villamor, Emily Walton, Henry Oliveros
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2014; 91(1): 50. CrossRef
Falciparum malaria parasitemia index for predicting severe malaria
N. TANGPUKDEE, S. KRUDSOOD, S. KANO, P. WILAIRATANA
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Mohammad Wasay, Asif Taqi, Huma Aziz, Iqbal Azam, M. Asim Beg
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Indicators of fatal outcome in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a study in a tertiary–care hospital in Thailand
Noppadon Tangpukdee, Khin Myat Wai, Sant Muangnoicharoen, Shigeyuki Kano, Nanthaporn Phophak, Janram Tiemprasert, Srivicha Krudsood, Polrat Wilairatana
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Brief Communications

Differentially expressed genes of Acanthamoeba castellanii during encystation: Eun-Kyung Moon, Dong-Il Chung, Yeon-Chul Hong, Hyun-Hee Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):283-285.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.283

Abstract
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To examine the expressed gene profile during encystation of Acanthamoeba castellanii Castellani, we used differentially expressed gene (DGE) screening by RT-PCR with 20 sets of random primers. From this analysis, we found that approximately 16 genes showed upregulation during encystation. We chose 6 genes, which had relatively higher expression levels, for further investigation. Based on homology search in database, DEG2 showed 55% of similarity with xylose isomerase, DEG9 showed 37% of similarity with Na P-type ATPase, and DEG14 showed 77% of similarity with subtilisin-like serine proteinase. DEG3 and DEG26 were identified as hypothetical proteins and DEG25 exhibited no significant similarity to any known protein. Encystation of Acanthamoeba has been suggested to be a process to resist adverse environmental or nutritional conditions. Further characterization studies of these genes may provide us with more information on the encystation mechanism of Acanthamoeba.

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Bader Saleem Alawfi, Naveed Ahmed Khan, David Lloyd, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
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Yuehua Wang, Linzhe Jiang, Yitong Zhao, Xiaohong Ju, Le Wang, Liang Jin, Ryan D. Fine, Mingguang Li
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Ludmila Karen dos Santos Silva, Paulo Victor Miranda Boratto, Bernard La Scola, Cláudio Antônio Bonjardim, Jônatas Santos Abrahão
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So-Hee Kim, Eun-Kyung Moon, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung, Hyun-Hee Kong
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Down-Regulation of Cellulose Synthase Inhibits the Formation of Endocysts in Acanthamoeba
Eun-Kyung Moon, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Hyun-Hee Kong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(2): 131. CrossRef
Chloroquine Has a Cytotoxic Effect on Acanthamoeba Encystation through Modulation of Autophagy
Bijay Kumar Jha, Hui-Jung Jung, Incheol Seo, Hyun Ah Kim, Seong-Il Suh, Min-Ho Suh, Won-Ki Baek
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2014; 58(10): 6235. CrossRef
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Yousuf Aqeel, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Naveed Ahmed Khan
Parasitology Research.2013; 112(3): 1221. CrossRef
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RUQAIYYAH SIDDIQUI, RICKY DUDLEY, NAVEED AHMED KHAN
Parasitology.2012; 139(7): 826. CrossRef
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Eun-Kyung Moon, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong, Hyun-Hee Kong
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Cellular, Biochemical, and Molecular Changes during Encystment of Free-Living Amoebae
Emilie Fouque, Marie-Cécile Trouilhé, Vincent Thomas, Philippe Hartemann, Marie-Hélène Rodier, Yann Héchard
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Microarray Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes between Cysts and Trophozoites ofAcanthamoeba castellanii
Eun-Kyung Moon, Ying-Hua Xuan, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong, Hyun-Hee Kong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(4): 341. CrossRef
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David Leitsch, Martina Köhsler, Martina Marchetti-Deschmann, Andrea Deutsch, Günter Allmaier, Michael Duchêne, Julia Walochnik
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Eun-Kyung Moon, Dong-Il Chung, Yeon-Chul Hong, Hyun-Hee Kong
Eukaryotic Cell.2008; 7(9): 1513. CrossRef

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Purification and biochemical characterization of two novel antigens from Leishmania major promastigotes: Majid Zeinali, Sussan K. Ardestani, Amina Kariminia; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):287-293.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.287

Abstract
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The identification and characterization of antigens that elicit human T cell responses is an important step toward understanding of Leishmania major infection and ultimately in the development of a vaccine. Micropreparative SDS-PAGE followed by electrotransfer to a PVDF membrane and elution of proteins from the PVDF, was used to separate 2 novel proteins from L. major promastigotes, which can induce antibodies of the IgG2a isotype in mice and also are recognized by antisera of recovered human cutaneous leishmaniasis subjects. Fractionation of the crude extract of L. major revealed that all detectable proteins of interest were present within the soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA). Quantitation of these proteins showed that their expression in promastigotes is relatively very low. Considering the molecular weight, immunoreactivity, chromatographic and electrophoretic behavior in reducing and non-reducing conditions, these proteins are probably 2 isoforms of a single protein. A digest of these proteins was resolved on Tricine-SDS-PAGE and immunoreactive fragments were identified by human sera. Two immunoreactive fragments (36.4 and 34.8 kDa) were only generated by endoproteinase Glu-C treatment. These immunoreactive fragments or their parent molecules may be ideal candidates for incorporation in a cocktail vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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Highly Effective Serodiagnosis for Chagas' Disease
Pilar Hernández, Michael Heimann, Cristina Riera, Marco Solano, José Santalla, Alejandro O. Luquetti, Ewald Beck
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.2010; 17(10): 1598. CrossRef

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Loss of infectivity of Neospora caninum oocysts maintained for a prolonged time: Rosangela Soares Uzeda, Kattyanne De Souza Costa, Sara Lima Santos, Alexandre Moraes Pinheiro, Maria Angela Ornelas De Almeida, Milton M. McAllister, Luis Fernando Pita Gondim; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):295-299.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.295

Abstract
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sporulated Neospora caninum oocysts, which had been stored for 46 mo in a 2% sulfuric acid solution at 4℃, remain morphologically viable and infective to gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Six gerbils were orally inoculated with doses of 400 or 1,200 oocysts. Two mo after inoculation, the animals did not show any clinical signs, had no histological lesions, and were seronegative for N. caninum at 1: 50 in an immunofluorescent antibody test. PCR using the brain from each gerbil did not reveal N. caninum specific DNA. We conclude that oocysts preserved for 46 mo are not infective, despite being morphologically intact.

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Identification of parasite DNA in common bile duct stones by PCR and DNA sequencing: Ji Sun Jang, Kyung Ho Kim, Jae-Ran Yu, Soo-Ung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):301-306.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.301

Abstract
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We attempted to identify parasite DNA in the biliary stones of humans via PCR and DNA sequencing. Genomic DNA was isolated from each of 15 common bile duct (CBD) stones and 5 gallbladder (GB) stones. The patients who had the CBD stones suffered from cholangitis, and the patients with GB stones showed acute cholecystitis, respectively. The 28S and 18S rDNA genes were amplified successfully from 3 and/or 1 common bile duct stone samples, and then cloned and sequenced. The 28S and 18S rDNA sequences were highly conserved among isolates. Identity of the obtained 28S D1 rDNA with that of Clonorchis sinensis was higher than 97.6%, and identity of the 18S rDNA with that of other Ascarididae was 97.9%. Almost no intra-specific variations were detected in the 28S and 18S rDNA with the exception of a few nucleotide variations, i.e., substitution and deletion. These findings suggest that C. sinensis and Ascaris lumbricoides may be related with the biliary stone formation and development.

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Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in Mazandaran province, Iran: Gholam Reza Razmi, Meisam Glinsharifodini, Shaboddin Sarvi; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):307-310.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.307

Abstract
PDF

A survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of hard tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in Mazandaran province, Iran. A total of 953 ticks were collected from 86 infested cattle during activating seasons of ticks during 2004-2005. Nine species were identified: Boophilus annulatus (51.3%), Rhipicephalus bursa (16.8%), Haemaphysalis punctata (6.3%), Ixodes ricinus (6.8%), Hyalomma marginatum (12.5%), Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (5.2%), Hyalomma asiaticum (0.6%), Hyalomma detritum (0.2 %), and Dermacentor spp. (0.1%). The results show that Boophilus annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, and Hyalomma species are dominant tick species in the surveyed area.

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Book Review

Ash & Orihel's Atlas of Human Parasitology (5^th ed.): Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):311-311.
Published online December 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.311

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