Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Acanthamoeba castellanii"

Original Articles

Lethal Effects of Helianthemum lippii (L.) on Acanthamoeba castellanii Cysts in Vitro: F.A. Badria, M.H. Hetta, Rania M. Sarhan, M.H. Ezz El-Din; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):243-249.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.243

Abstract
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Acanthamoeba spp. commonly cause Acanthamoeba keratitis which is typically associated with the wear of contact lenses. Therefore, finding an economic, efficient, and safe therapy of natural origin is of outmost importance. This study examined the in vitro lethal potential of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Helianthemum lippii (L.) (sun roses) against Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts isolated from patients with amoebic keratitis. Both extracts proved to be potent as regard to their lethal effects on A. castellanii cysts with comparable results to chlorhexidine. The ethyl acetate was more promising with cumulative lethality. It showed a highly significant lethal percentage along the duration of treatment. The analysis of the more potent ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of 2.96 mg/100 g of total phenolics, 0.289 mg/100 ml of total flavonoids and 37 mg/100 mg of total tannins which highlighted their phytomedicinal role.

Citations

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Effectiveness of phytoproducts against pathogenic free-living amoebae - A scoping and critical review paving the way toward plant-based pharmaceuticals
Beni Jequicene Mussengue Chaúque, Thaisla Cristiane Borella da Silva, Eduardo Brittes Rott, Felipe Brittes Rott, Ana Paula Marçal Copetti Leite, Guilherme Brittes Benitez, Neuana Fernando Neuana, José Roberto Goldim, Marilise Brittes Rott, Régis Adriel Za
Fitoterapia.2025; 182: 106404. CrossRef
Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Activities of Frankenia Species: A Review
Meyada Khaled, Rachid Ouache, Patrick Pale, Hassina Harkat
Molecules.2024; 29(5): 980. CrossRef
Phytochemical on-line screening and in silico study of Helianthemum confertum: antioxidant activity, DFT, MD simulation, ADME/T analysis, and xanthine oxidase binding
Yasmine Chemam, Samir Benayache, Abdeslem Bouzina, Eric Marchioni, Omar Sekiou, Houria Bentoumi, Minjie Zhao, Zihad Bouslama, Nour-Eddine Aouf, Fadila Benayache
RSC Advances.2024; 14(31): 22209. CrossRef
Medicinal, Pharmacological and Biochemical Progress on the Study of Genus Helianthemum: A Review
Soumia Mouffouk, Chaima Mouffouk, Sara Mouffouk, Hamada Haba
Current Chemical Biology.2023; 17(3): 147. CrossRef
Phytochemical-rich extracts of Helianthemum lippii possess antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-biofilm activities
Fabiana Plescia, Fabio Venturella, Antonella D’Anneo, Valentina Catania, Maria Letizia Gargano, Giulia Polito, Domenico Schillaci, Antonio Palumbo Piccionello, Marianna Lauricella, Giuseppe Venturella, Demetrio Raffa
Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology.2022; 156(6): 1314. CrossRef
Natural Products for Targeting Acanthamoeba spp.
Yassmin Isse Wehelie, Aishath Leesha Nasih, Ayaz Anwar, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Sutherland Maciver, Naveed Ahmed Khan
Anti-Infective Agents.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Anti-Acanthamoeba castellanii activity of alkaloid-enriched extracts and lycorine from the Amaryllidaceae species
Maressa Dietrich Rosa, Jean Paulo de Andrade, Adriana Oliveira Costa, Raphael Conti, Jaume Bastida, Warley de Souza Borges, Cinthia Furst
Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
In vitro amoebicidal effect of Aloe vera ethanol extract and honey against Acanthamoeba spp. cysts
Ghada Mohamed Kadry, Mousa A. M. Ismail, Nagwa Mostafa El-Sayed, Hanan S. El-Kholy, Dina M. Hamdy El-Akkad
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2021; 45(1): 159. CrossRef
In vitro Propagation to Conserve the Local Endemic and Endangered Medicinal Plant Helianthemum germanicopolitanum Bornm.
Emine Kapdan, Mehmet Sezgin
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Chemical composition, in vitro antiparasitic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Frankenia thymifolia Desf.
Imad Mennai, Mourad Hanfer, Chahrazed Esseid, Samir Benayache, Souad Ameddah, Ahmed Menad, Fadila Benayache
Natural Product Research.2020; 34(23): 3363. CrossRef
Characterization of ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Cymbopogon schoenanthus and Helianthemum lippii and their effect on the smooth muscle of the rat distal colon
Nihed Djemam, Somia Lassed, Fatih Gül, Muhammed Altun, Marisa Monteiro, Daniela Menezes-Pinto, Samir Benayache, Fadila Benayache, Djamila Zama, Ibrahim Demirtas, Manuela Morato
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2020; 252: 112613. CrossRef
Amoebicidal and Amoebistatic Effects of Artemisia argyi Methanolic Extracts on Acanthamoeba castellanii Trophozoites and Cysts
Onur Kolören, Zeynep Kolören, Zülal Atli Şekeroğlu, Melek Çolayvaz, Panagiotis Karanis
Acta Parasitologica.2019; 64(1): 63. CrossRef
Preparation of Poly (dl-Lactide-co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Periglaucine A and Betulinic Acid for In Vitro Anti-Acanthamoeba and Cytotoxicity Activities
Tooba Mahboob, Muhammad Nawaz, Tan Tian-Chye, Chandramathi Samudi, Christophe Wiart, Veeranoot Nissapatorn
Pathogens.2018; 7(3): 62. CrossRef
Computational study of some amoebicidal phytochemicals against heat shock protein of Naegleria fowleri
Zarrin Basharat, Shumaila Zaib, Azra Yasmin
Gene Reports.2017; 6: 158. CrossRef

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Crossref

Down-Regulation of Cellulose Synthase Inhibits the Formation of Endocysts in Acanthamoeba: Eun-Kyung Moon, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Hyun-Hee Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(2):131-135.
Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.131

Abstract
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Acanthamoeba cysts are resistant to unfavorable physiological conditions and various disinfectants. Acanthamoeba cysts have 2 walls containing various sugar moieties, and in particular, one third of the inner wall is composed of cellulose. In this study, it has been shown that down-regulation of cellulose synthase by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibits the formation of mature Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts. Calcofluor white staining and transmission electron microscopy revealed that siRNA transfected amoeba failed to form an inner wall during encystation and thus are likely to be more vulnerable. In addition, the expression of xylose isomerase, which is involved in cyst wall formation, was not altered in cellulose synthase down-regulated amoeba, indicating that cellulose synthase is a crucial factor for inner wall formation by Acanthamoeba during encystation.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Encystment and Excystment Processes in Acanthamoeba castellanii: An Emphasis on Cellulose Involvement
Mathew Choaji, Ascel Samba-Louaka, Zineb Fechtali-Moute, Willy Aucher, Sébastien Pomel
Pathogens.2025; 14(3): 268. CrossRef
Genetic manipulation of giant viruses and their host, Acanthamoeba castellanii
Nadege Philippe, Avi Shukla, Chantal Abergel, Hugo Bisio
Nature Protocols.2024; 19(1): 3. CrossRef
Oxidase enzyme genes are differentially expressed during Acanthamoeba castellanii encystment
Christian Q. Scheckhuber, Rebeca Damián Ferrara, Jesús Gómez-Montalvo, Sutherland K. Maciver, Alvaro de Obeso Fernández del Valle
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of propolis extract and eye drop solutions to suppress encystation and excystation of Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001-T4 genotype
Suthinee Sangkanu, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Roghayeh Norouzi, Julalak Chuprom, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Sirirat Surinkaew, Rachasak Boonhok, Alok K. Paul, Tooba Mahboob, Imran Sama-ae, Sonia M. R. Oliveira, Tajudeen O. Jimoh, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Polra
PeerJ.2024; 12: e16937. CrossRef
Human Conjunctival Transcriptome in Acanthamoeba Keratitis: An Exploratory Study
Gerami D. Seitzman, Jeremy D. Keenan, Thomas M. Lietman, Kevin Ruder, Lina Zhong, Cindi Chen, YuHeng Liu, Danny Yu, Thomas Abraham, Armin Hinterwirth, Thuy Doan
Cornea.2024; 43(10): 1272. CrossRef
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Hugo Bisio, Matthieu Legendre, Claire Giry, Nadege Philippe, Jean-Marie Alempic, Sandra Jeudy, Chantal Abergel
Nature Communications.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Biological characteristics and pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba
Yuehua Wang, Linzhe Jiang, Yitong Zhao, Xiaohong Ju, Le Wang, Liang Jin, Ryan D. Fine, Mingguang Li
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Anti-Acanthamoeba activity of a semi-synthetic mangostin derivative and its ability in removal of Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001 on contact lens
Julalak Chuprom, Suthinee Sangkanu, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Rachasak Boonhok, Wilawan Mahabusarakam, L. Ravithej Singh, Ekachai Dumkliang, Kritamorn Jitrangsri, Alok K. Paul, Sirirat Surinkaew, Polrat Wilairatana, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Mohammed Rahmatu
PeerJ.2022; 10: e14468. CrossRef
Peganum harmala Extract Has Antiamoebic Activity to Acanthamoeba triangularis Trophozoites and Changes Expression of Autophagy-Related Genes
Rachasak Boonhok, Suthinee Sangkanu, Julalak Chuprom, Mayuna Srisuphanunt, Roghayeh Norouzi, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Farzaneh Mirzaei, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Sueptrakool Wisessombat, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Mohammed Rahmatullah, Polrat Wilairatana, Chr
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Ruixuan Zhang, Hisashi Endo, Masaharu Takemura, Hiroyuki Ogata, Samuel K. Campos
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Christopher Price, Snake Jones, Mirna Mihelcic, Marina Santic, Yousef Abu Kwaik
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Encystment Induces Down-Regulation of an Acetyltransferase-Like Gene in Acanthamoeba castellanii
Steven Rolland, Luce Mengue, Cyril Noël, Stéphanie Crapart, Anne Mercier, Willy Aucher, Yann Héchard, Ascel Samba-Louaka
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The role of the Acanthamoeba castellanii Sir2-like protein in the growth and encystation of Acanthamoeba
So-Young Joo, Ja Moon Aung, Minsang Shin, Eun-Kyung Moon, Hyun-Hee Kong, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong
Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Cellulose fibrils formation and organisation of cytoskeleton during encystment are essential for Acanthamoeba cyst wall architecture
Mária Garajová, Martin Mrva, Naděžda Vaškovicová, Michal Martinka, Janka Melicherová, Andrea Valigurová
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
The most abundant cyst wall proteins of Acanthamoeba castellanii are lectins that bind cellulose and localize to distinct structures in developing and mature cyst walls
Pamela Magistrado-Coxen, Yousuf Aqeel, Angelo Lopez, John R. Haserick, Breeanna R. Urbanowicz, Catherine E. Costello, John Samuelson, Photini Sinnis
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2019; 13(5): e0007352. CrossRef
A review of Acanthamoeba keratitis in the middle East and Iran
MohammadHossein Feiz Haddad, Azar Shokri, Habib Habibpour, SeyedeManizhe Heidar Neiadi
Journal of Acute Disease.2019; 8(4): 133. CrossRef
Encystation: the most prevalent and underinvestigated differentiation pathway of eukaryotes
Pauline Schaap, Christina Schilde
Microbiology.2018; 164(5): 727. CrossRef
Molecular and biochemical characterization of key enzymes in the cysteine and serine metabolic pathways of Acanthamoeba castellanii
Duo Wu, Meng Feng, Zhi-xin Wang, Ke Qiao, Hiroshi Tachibana, Xun-jia Cheng
Parasites & Vectors.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
DNA Methylation of Gene Expression in Acanthamoeba castellanii Encystation
Eun-Kyung Moon, Yeonchul Hong, Hae-Ahm Lee, Fu-Shi Quan, Hyun-Hee Kong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(2): 115. CrossRef
In-vitro development of an effective treatment for Acanthamoeba keratitis
Á. Ortillés, J. Belloc, E. Rubio, M.T. Fernández, M. Benito, J.Á. Cristóbal, B. Calvo, P. Goñi
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Treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis
N. R. Marchenko, Evg. A. Kasparova
Vestnik oftal'mologii.2016; 132(5): 110. CrossRef
Cellulose degradation: a therapeutic strategy in the improved treatment of Acanthamoeba infections
Sahreena Lakhundi, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Naveed Ahmed Khan
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Jacob Lorenzo-Morales, Naveed A. Khan, Julia Walochnik
Parasite.2015; 22: 10. CrossRef
Potential Value of Cellulose Synthesis Inhibitors Combined With PHMB in the Treatment of Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Eun-Kyung Moon, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Hyun-Hee Kong
Cornea.2015; 34(12): 1593. CrossRef

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Identification of Atg8 Isoform in Encysting Acanthamoeba: Eun-Kyung Moon, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung, Hyun-Hee Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):497-502.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.497

Abstract
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Autophagy-related protein 8 (Atg8) is an essential component of autophagy formation and encystment of cyst-forming parasites, and some protozoa, such as, Acanthamoeba, Entamoeba, and Dictyostelium, have been reported to possess a type of Atg8. In this study, an isoform of Atg8 was identified and characterized in Acanthamoeba castellanii (AcAtg8b). AcAtg8b protein was found to encode 132 amino acids and to be longer than AcAtg8 protein, which encoded 117 amino acids. Real-time PCR analysis showed high expression levels of AcAtg8b and AcAtg8 during encystation. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that AcAtg8b is involved in the formation of the autophagosomal membrane. Chemically synthesized siRNA against AcAtg8b reduced the encystation efficiency of Acanthamoeba, confirming that AcAtg8b, like AcAtg8, is an essential component of cyst formation in Acanthamoeba. Our findings suggest that Acanthamoeba has doubled the number of Atg8 gene copies to ensure the successful encystation for survival when 1 copy is lost. These 2 types of Atg8 identified in Acanthamoeba provide important information regarding autophagy formation, encystation mechanism, and survival of primitive, cyst-forming protozoan parasites.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Encystment and Excystment Processes in Acanthamoeba castellanii: An Emphasis on Cellulose Involvement
Mathew Choaji, Ascel Samba-Louaka, Zineb Fechtali-Moute, Willy Aucher, Sébastien Pomel
Pathogens.2025; 14(3): 268. CrossRef
Efficacy of propolis extract and eye drop solutions to suppress encystation and excystation of Acanthamoeba triangularis WU19001-T4 genotype
Suthinee Sangkanu, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Roghayeh Norouzi, Julalak Chuprom, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Sirirat Surinkaew, Rachasak Boonhok, Alok K. Paul, Tooba Mahboob, Imran Sama-ae, Sonia M. R. Oliveira, Tajudeen O. Jimoh, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Polra
PeerJ.2024; 12: e16937. CrossRef
Ac-HSP20 regulates autophagy and promotes the encystation of Acanthamoeba castellanii by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Siyao Guo, Di Liu, Xi Wan, Dingrui Guo, Meiyu Zheng, Wenyu Zheng, Xianmin Feng
Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Yuehua Wang, Linzhe Jiang, Yitong Zhao, Xiaohong Ju, Le Wang, Liang Jin, Ryan D. Fine, Mingguang Li
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Rajalakshmy Ayilam Ramachandran, Jose Marcos Sanches, Danielle M. Robertson
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PeerJ.2022; 10: e13657. CrossRef
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Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui, Natsuki Watanabe, Kumiko Shibata, Ratna Wahyuni, Eri Miyamoto, Tomoyoshi Nozaki
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Stimulation of Acanthamoeba castellanii excystment by enzyme treatment and consequences on trophozoite growth
Zineb Fechtali-Moute, Philippe M. Loiseau, Sébastien Pomel
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Extract Induces Apoptosis-like Programmed Cell Death in Acanthamoeba castellanii Trophozoites
Hương-Giang Lê, Ji-Su Choi, Buyng-Su Hwang, Yong-Tae Jeong, Jung-Mi Kang, Tuấn-Cường Võ, Pyo-Yun Cho, Young-Kyung Lee, Won-Gi Yoo, Yeonchul Hong, Young-Taek Oh, Byoung-Kuk Na
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Rachasak Boonhok, Suthinee Sangkanu, Roghayeh Norouzi, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Farzaneh Mirzaei, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Nurdina Charong, Sueptrakool Wisessombat, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Mohammed Rahmatullah, Polrat Wilairatana, Christophe Wiart, Hazel
Parasitology.2021; 148(9): 1074. CrossRef
Peganum harmala Extract Has Antiamoebic Activity to Acanthamoeba triangularis Trophozoites and Changes Expression of Autophagy-Related Genes
Rachasak Boonhok, Suthinee Sangkanu, Julalak Chuprom, Mayuna Srisuphanunt, Roghayeh Norouzi, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Farzaneh Mirzaei, Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Sueptrakool Wisessombat, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, Mohammed Rahmatullah, Polrat Wilairatana, Chr
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Maryia Karpiyevich, Katerina Artavanis-Tsakonas
Biomolecules.2020; 10(10): 1403. CrossRef
Encystation: the most prevalent and underinvestigated differentiation pathway of eukaryotes
Pauline Schaap, Christina Schilde
Microbiology.2018; 164(5): 727. CrossRef
Autophagy protein 12 plays an essential role in Acanthamoeba encystation
So-Hee Kim, Eun-Kyung Moon, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung, Hyun-Hee Kong
Experimental Parasitology.2015; 159: 46. CrossRef
Autophagy Inhibitors as a Potential Antiamoebic Treatment for Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Eun-Kyung Moon, So-Hee Kim, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Hyun-Hee Kong
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2015; 59(7): 4020. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Effects of Mannose on Pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba castellanii: Kyung-Tae Yoo, Suk-Yul Jung; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):365-369.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.365

Abstract
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Acanthamoeba spp. are single-celled protozoan organisms that are widely distributed in the environment. In this study, to understand functional roles of a mannose-binding protein (MBP), Acanthamoeba castellanii was treated with methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (mannose), and adhesion and cytotoxicity of the amoeba were analyzed. In addition, to understand the association of MBP for amoeba phagocytosis, phagocytosis assay was analyzed using non-pathogenic bacterium, Escherichia coli K12. Amoebae treated with mannose for 20 cycles exhibited larger vacuoles occupying the most area of the amoebic cytoplasm in comparison with the control group amoebae and glucose-treated amoebae. Mannose-selected amoebae exhibited lower levels of binding to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Exogenous mannose inhibited >50% inhibition of amoebae (control group) binding to CHO cells. Moreover, exogenous mannose inhibited amoebae (i.e., man-treated) binding to CHO cells by <15%. Mannose-selected amoebae exhibited significantly decreased cytotoxicity to CHO cells compared with the control group amoebae, 25.1% vs 92.1%. In phagocytic assay, mannose-selected amoebae exhibited significant decreases in bacterial uptake in comparison with the control group, 0.019% vs 0.03% (P<0.05). Taken together, it is suggested that mannose-selected A. castellanii trophozoites should be severely damaged and do not well interact with a target cell via a lectin of MBP.

Citations

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Epidemiology of and Genetic Factors Associated with Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Muhammad Ilyas, Fiona Stapleton, Mark D. P. Willcox, Fiona Henriquez, Hari Kumar Peguda, Binod Rayamajhee, Tasbiha Zahid, Constantinos Petsoglou, Nicole A. Carnt
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Biological characteristics and pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba
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Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Commensals Serve as Natural Barriers to Mammalian Cells during Acanthamoeba castellanii Invasion
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Future Microbiology.2020; 15(10): 919. CrossRef
Acanthamoeba castellanii as an alternative interaction model for the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum
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Tupanvirus-infected amoebas are induced to aggregate with uninfected cells promoting viral dissemination
Graziele Oliveira, Lorena Silva, Thiago Leão, Said Mougari, Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca, Erna Geessien Kroon, Bernard La Scola, Jônatas Santos Abrahão
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Production of a monoclonal antibody against a mannose-binding protein of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni and its localization
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Experimental Parasitology.2018; 192: 19. CrossRef
Acanthamoeba-mediated cytopathic effect correlates with MBP and AhLBP mRNA expression
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Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Short-Cut Pathway to Synthesize Cellulose of Encysting Acanthamoeba: Eun-Kyung Moon, Hyun-Hee Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):361-364.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.361

Abstract
PDF

The mature cyst of Acanthamoeba is highly resistant to various antibiotics and therapeutic agents. Cyst wall of Acanthamoeba are composed of cellulose, acid-resistant proteins, lipids, and unidentified materials. Because cellulose is one of the primary components of the inner cyst wall, cellulose synthesis is essential to the process of cyst formation in Acanthamoeba. In this study, we hypothesized the key and short-step process in synthesis of cellulose from glycogen in encysting Acanthamoeba castellanii, and confirmed it by comparing the expression pattern of enzymes involving glycogenolysis and cellulose synthesis. The genes of 3 enzymes, glycogen phosphorylase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and cellulose synthase, which are involved in the cellulose synthesis, were expressed high at the 1st and 2nd day of encystation. However, the phosphoglucomutase that facilitates the interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate expressed low during encystation. This report identified the short-cut pathway of cellulose synthesis required for construction of the cyst wall during the encystation process in Acanthamoeba. This study provides important information to understand cyst wall formation in encysting Acanthamoeba.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Encystment and Excystment Processes in Acanthamoeba castellanii: An Emphasis on Cellulose Involvement
Mathew Choaji, Ascel Samba-Louaka, Zineb Fechtali-Moute, Willy Aucher, Sébastien Pomel
Pathogens.2025; 14(3): 268. CrossRef
Inhibition of GABA metabolism by β-lactam antibiotics affects encystation in Acanthamoeba
Chih-Ming Tsai, Yao-Tsung Chang, Yu-Jen Wang, Chun-Hsien Chen, Chuan-Yi Wang, Jian-Ming Huang
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2025; 193: 118841. CrossRef
Oxidase enzyme genes are differentially expressed during Acanthamoeba castellanii encystment
Christian Q. Scheckhuber, Rebeca Damián Ferrara, Jesús Gómez-Montalvo, Sutherland K. Maciver, Alvaro de Obeso Fernández del Valle
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Biological characteristics and pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba
Yuehua Wang, Linzhe Jiang, Yitong Zhao, Xiaohong Ju, Le Wang, Liang Jin, Ryan D. Fine, Mingguang Li
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Original Articles

Interaction of Escherichia coli K1 and K5 with Acanthamoeba castellanii Trophozoites and Cysts: Abdul Matin, Suk-Yul Jung; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):349-356.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.349

Abstract
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The existence of symbiotic relationships between Acanthamoeba and a variety of bacteria is well-documented. However, the ability of Acanthamoeba interacting with host bacterial pathogens has gained particular attention. Here, to understand the interactions of Escherichia coli K1 and E. coli K5 strains with Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts, association assay, invasion assay, survival assay, and the measurement of bacterial numbers from cysts were performed, and nonpathogenic E. coli K12 was also applied. The association ratio of E. coli K1 with A. castellanii was 4.3 cfu per amoeba for 1 hr but E. coli K5 with A. castellanii was 1 cfu per amoeba for 1 hr. By invasion and survival assays, E. coli K5 was recovered less than E. coli K1 but still alive inside A. castellanii. E. coli K1 and K5 survived and multiplied intracellularly in A. castellanii. The survival assay was performed under a favourable condition for 22 hr and 43 hr with the encystment of A. castellanii. Under the favourable condition for the transformation of trophozoites into cysts, E. coli K5 multiplied significantly. Moreover, the pathogenic potential of E. coli K1 from A. castellanii cysts exhibited no changes as compared with E. coli K1 from A. castellanii trophozoites. E. coli K5 was multiplied in A. castellanii trophozoites and survived in A. castellanii cysts. Therefore, this study suggests that E. coli K5 can use A. castellanii as a reservoir host or a vector for the bacterial transmission.

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Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolated from amebic keratitis related to orthokeratology lens overnight wear: Sun Joo Lee, Hae Jin Jeong, Ji Eun Lee, Jong Soo Lee, Ying Hua Xuan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Dong-Il Chung, Mee-Sun Ock, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(4):313-320.
Published online December 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.313

Abstract
PDF

In an effort to characterize, on the molecular scale, the Acanthamoeba initially isolated from the cornea of an amoebic keratitis patient associated with overnight-wear orthokeratology lens in Korea, we conducted mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism, 18S rDNA sequencing, and drug sensitivity analyses on the isolate (KA/PE1). The patient was treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide, chlorhexidine and oral itraconazole, which resulted in resolution of the patient's ocular inflammation. The majority of the molecular characteristics of the KA/PE1 were determined to be identical, or quite similar, to those of A. castellanii Ma strain, which had been isolated also from amoebic keratitis. The risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis as a potential complication of overnight orthokeratology is briefly discussed.

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