Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Argentina"

Brief Communication

Optimization of Trichomonas vaginalis Diagnosis during Pregnancy at a University Hospital, Argentina: Pamela Testardini, Mar?a Luc?a Gallo Vaulet, Andrea Carolina Entrocassi, Claudia Menghi, Martha Cora Eliseht, Claudia Gatta, Mirta Losada, Mar?a Sol Touz?n, Ana Corominas, Carlos Vay, Silvio Tatti, Angela Famiglietti, Marcelo Rodriguez Fermepin, Beatriz Perazzi; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):191-195.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.191

Abstract
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The aim of this study was to evaluate different methods for Trichomonas vaginalis diagnosis during pregnancy in order to prevent maternal and perinatal complications. A total of 386 vaginal exudates from pregnant women were analyzed. T. vaginalis was investigated by 3 types of microscopic examinations direct wet mount with physiologic saline solution, prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) staining, and wet mount with sodium-acetate-formalin (SAF)/methylene blue method. PCR for 18S rRNA gene as well as culture in liquid medium were performed. The sensitivity and specificity of the microscopic examinations were evaluated considering the culture media positivity or the PCR techniques as gold standard. The frequency of T. vaginalis infection was 6.2% by culture and/or PCR, 5.2% by PCR, 4.7% by culture, 3.1% by SAF/methylene blue method and 2.8% by direct wet smear and prolonged MGG staining. The sensitivities were 83.3%, 75.0%, 50.0%, and 45.8% for PCR, culture, SAF/methylene blue method, and direct wet smear-prolonged MGG staining, respectively. The specificity was 100% for all the assessed methods. Microscopic examinations showed low sensitivity, mainly in asymptomatic pregnant patients. It is necessary to improve the detection of T. vaginalis using combined methods providing higher sensitivity, such as culture and PCR, mainly in asymptomatic pregnant patients, in order to prevent maternal and perinatal complications.

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Case Report

First Report of Myiasis Caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patient in Argentina: Mar?a Sof?a Olea, N?stor Centeno, Cecilia Adriana Veggiani Aybar, Eugenia Silvana Ortega, Guillermina Bego?a Galante, Luis Olea, Mar?a Julia Dantur Juri; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):89-92.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.89

Abstract
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Myiasis is usually caused by flies of the Calliphoridae family, and Cochliomyia hominivorax is the etiological agent most frequently found in myiasis. The first case of myiasis in a diabetic foot of a 54-year-old male patient in Argentina is reported. The patient attended the hospital of the capital city of Tucum?n Province for a consultation concerning an ulcer in his right foot, where the larval specimens were found. The identification of the immature larvae was based on their morphological characters, such as the cylindrical, segmented, white yellow-coloured body and tracheas with strong pigmentation. The larvae were removed, and the patient was treated with antibiotics. The larvae were reared until the adults were obtained. The adults were identified by the setose basal vein in the upper surface of the wing, denuded lower surface of the wing, short and reduced palps, and parafrontalia with black hairs outside the front row of setae. The main factor that favoured the development of myiasis is due to diabetes, which caused a loss of sensibility in the limb that resulted in late consultation. Moreover, the poor personal hygiene attracted the flies, and the foul-smelling discharge from the wound favoured the female's oviposition. There is a need to implement a program for prevention of myiasis, in which the population is made aware not only of the importance of good personal hygiene and home sanitation but also of the degree of implication of flies in the occurrence and development of this disease.

Citations

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Juan David Ruiz-Zapata, Luis Mauricio Figueroa-Gutiérrez, Jaime Alberto Mesa-Franco, Paula Andrea Moreno-Gutierrez
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Journal of Medical Entomology.2019; 56(3): 725. CrossRef
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Original Article

Epidemiological survey of Giardia spp. and Blastocystis hominis in an Argentinian rural community: Marta Cecilia Minvielle, Betina Cecilia Pezzani, Mar?a Alejandra Cordoba, Mar?a Marta De Luca, Mar?a Carmen Apezteguia, Juan Angel Basualdo; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(3):121-127.
Published online September 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.3.121

Abstract
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The aim of this study was to relate personal data, socio-cultural and environmental characteristics, and the presence of symptoms/signs with the frequencies of Giardia spp. and Blastocystis hominis among a rural population in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Of the surveyed population (350), 3.7% were infected with only Giardia spp. or 22.9% with B. hominis, and 2.3% were infected with both protozoa. The frequency of infection according to sex; 6.1% of males were infected and 1.6% of females by Giardia spp., 26.7% and 19.5% by B. hominis, and 2.4% and 2.2% by both parasites, respectively. Giardia spp. was detected in only three adults (over 14 years), but B. hominis was more frequent in adults than in children. The prevalences of these protozoa in this community are lower than those reported by other Argentinean studies, which is probably associated with the low density of the studied population (5.95 inhab/km²). Statistical analysis revealed that a male sex, flooding of the home, the use of a latrine, and an abdominal pain were correlated with the presence of these parasites, which indicate the importance of these factors in rural communities.

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Brief Communication

Prevalence and Comparison of Diagnostic Methods for Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Pregnant Women in Argentina: Perazzi, Beatriz E , Menghi, Claudia I , Coppolillo, Enrique F , Gatta, Claudia , Eliseth, Martha Cora , de Torres, Ramon A , Vay, Carlos A , Famiglietti, Angela M; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):61-65.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.61

Abstract
PDF

The
objective
s of this study were to conduct a prevalence survey of trichomoniasis in pregnant women and to evaluate the utility of different methods for its diagnosis. A total of 597 vaginal exudates from pregnant women who were examined at the Hospital de Clinicas in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 1 August 2005 to 31 January 2007, were prospectively and consecutively evaluated. The investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis was made by different microscopic examinations, and culture on liquid medium. The sensitivity and specificity of the microscopic examinations were assessed considering culture on liquid medium as the "gold standard". The prevalence of T. vaginalis obtained by culture on liquid medium was 4.0% (24/597). The prevalence of T. vaginalis obtained by direct wet smear, prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa staining, and sodium acetate-formalin (SAF)/methylene blue staining-fixing technique was 1.8%, 2.3% and 2.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of the direct wet smear was 45.8%, that of the prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa staining was 58.3%, and that of the SAF/methylene blue method was 62.5%. Considering the 3 microscopic examinations altogether, the sensitivity rose to 66.7% and the specificity was 100% for all of them. This is the first time that the prevalence data of T. vaginalis by culture in pregnant women are published in Argentina. Due to the low sensitivity obtained by microscopy in asymptomatic pregnant women, the use of the liquid medium is recommended during pregnancy, in order to provide an early diagnosis and treatment.

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Optimization of Trichomonas vaginalis Diagnosis during Pregnancy at a University Hospital, Argentina
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