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"Blastocystis"

Original Articles
Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis in Thai-Myanmar Border, Thailand
Supaluk Popruk, Ruenruetai Udonsom, Khuanchai Koompapong, Aongart Mahittikorn, Teera Kusolsuk, Jiraporn Ruangsittichai, Attakorn Palasuwan
Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):13-19.
Published online February 27, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.13

Blastocystis sp. is a common zoonotic intestinal protozoa which has been classified into 17 subtypes (STs). A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in villagers living on the Thai-Myanmar border, where the risk of parasitic infection is high. A total of 207 stool samples were collected and DNA was extracted. PCR and sequencing using primers targeting small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene were performed. The prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 37.2% (77/207). ST3 (19.8%; 41/207) was the predominant subtype, followed by ST1 (11.6%; 24/207), ST2 (5.3%; 11/207), and ST4 (0.5%; 1/207). A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the maximum likelihood (ML) method based on the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano + G + I model. The percentage of bootstrapped trees in which the associated taxa clustered together was relatively high. Some sequences of Blastocystis positive samples (TK18, 39, 46, 71, and 90) were closely related to animals (pig and cattle) indicating zoonotic risks. Therefore, proper health education in parasitic prevention for the villagers should be promoted to improve their personal hygiene. Further longitudinal studies are required to monitor the prevalence of parasitic infections after providing health education and to investigate Blastocystis ST in animals living in these villages.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Assessing Zoonotic Risks of Blastocystis Infection in Singapore
    Thet Tun Aung, Charlotte Kai Qi How, Jean-Marc Chavatte, Nazmi Bin Nazir, Edgar Macabe Pena, Bryan Ogden, Grace Rou’en Lim, Yasmina Arditi Paramastri, Lois Anne Zitzow, Hanrong Chen, Niranjan Nagarajan, Kevin Shyong Wei Tan, Benoit Malleret
    Pathogens.2025; 14(8): 773.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis infections among community participants in Thailand: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Manas Kotepui, Supaluk Popruk, Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui, Frederick Ramirez Masangkay, Kinley Wangdi, Aongart Mahittikorn, Christen Rune Stensvold
    Parasite.2025; 32: 53.     CrossRef
  • Subtype–host patterns and genetic differentiation of Blastocystis sp. in the Philippines
    Davin Edric V. Adao, Windell L. Rivera
    Heliyon.2024; 10(7): e29019.     CrossRef
  • Blastocystis colonization and associations with population parameters in Thai adults
    Vasana Jinatham, Amara Yowang, Christen Rune Stensvold, Eleni Michalopoulou, Thanakrit Vichasilp, Picha Suwannahitatorn, Siam Popluechai, Anastasios D. Tsaousis, Eleni Gentekaki, Funda Dogruman-Al
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(7): e0012292.     CrossRef
  • Occurrence and Genotypic Identification of Blastocystis spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Bamaxiang Pigs in Bama Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Province, China
    Xingang Yu, Xuanru Mu, Kaijian Yuan, Sifan Wang, Yilong Li, Hui Xu, Qiaoyu Li, Wenjing Zeng, Zhili Li, Jianchao Guo, Yang Hong
    Animals.2024; 14(22): 3344.     CrossRef
  • Phylogenetic relationship of nonmammalian and avian Blastocystis isolates and conventional subtypes
    Vanessa Yvonne B. Meclat, Keith Sigfred B. Ancheta, Davin Edric V. Adao, Windell L. Rivera
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2023; 47(1): 192.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Isolated from School-Aged Children in the Thai-Myanmar Border, Ratchaburi Province, Thailand
    Amanee Abu, Chantira Sutthikornchai, Aongart Mahittikorn, Khuanchai Koompapong, Rachatawan Chiabchalard, Dumrongkiet Arthan, Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri, Supaluk Popruk
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 20(1): 204.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and genotypes/subtypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis sp. in different breeds of cattle in Jiangxi Province, southeastern China
    Sen Li, Ping Wang, Xing-Quan Zhu, Yang Zou, Xiao-Qing Chen
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2022; 98: 105216.     CrossRef
  • Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in school children at the Thai-Myanmar border
    Chantira Sutthikornchai, Supaluk Popruk, Aongart Mahittikorn, Dumrongkiet Arthan, Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri, Chirawat Paratthakonkun, Yaoyu Feng, Lihua Xiao
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    Sara Nemati, Mohammad Reza Zali, Paul Johnson, Hamed Mirjalali, Panagiotis Karanis
    Journal of Water and Health.2021; 19(5): 687.     CrossRef
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    Supaluk Popruk, Davin Edric V. Adao, Windell L. Rivera
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2021; 95: 105085.     CrossRef
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    Biology.2021; 10(10): 990.     CrossRef
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  • Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Infection in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Thailand
    Noppon Popruk, Satakamol Prasongwattana, Aongart Mahittikorn, Attakorn Palasuwan, Supaluk Popruk, Duangdao Palasuwan
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(23): 8877.     CrossRef
  • Identifikasi Molekuler Blastocystis sp. pada Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) di Taman Nasional Baluran, Situbondo, Jawa Timur
    Dyah Ayu Kurniawati, Lucia Tri Suwanti, Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti, Setiawan Koesdarto, Endang Suprihati, Mufasirin Mufasirin, Arif Pratiwi
    Jurnal Medik Veteriner.2020; 3(2): 138.     CrossRef
  • A Simple Genotyping Method for Rapid Differentiation of Blastocystis Subtypes and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis spp. in Thailand
    Nittaya Srichaipon, Surang Nuchprayoon, Sarit Charuchaibovorn, Pattadon Sukkapan, Vivornpun Sanprasert
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    Taher Elmi, Fariba Amni, Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Shirzad Gholami, Mostafa Akbariqomi, Mohsen Mortazavi, Mohammad Barati, Fatemeh Tabatabaie
    Journal of Archives in Military Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in ethnic minority groups on both sides of the China–Myanmar border, and assessment of risk factors
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  • Blastocystis subtypes detected in long-tailed macaques in Thailand—Further evidence of cryptic host specificity
    Kotchaphon Vaisusuk, Weerachai Saijuntha, Sutthira Sedlak, Thongchit Thanchomnang, Warayutt Pilap, Warong Suksavate, Christen Rune Stensvold, Chairat Tantrawatpan
    Acta Tropica.2018; 184: 78.     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis and Identification of Blastocystis Subtypes in Primary School Children in Jakarta
    Ika P Sari, Martwinny R Benung, Sri Wahdini, Agnes Kurniawan
    Journal of Tropical Pediatrics.2018; 64(3): 208.     CrossRef
  • Blastocystis subtype 5: Predominant subtype on pig farms, Thailand
    Ai-rada Pintong, Suparat Sunyanusin, Rapeepan Prasertbun, Aongart Mahittikorn, Hirotake Mori, Tanasak Changbunjong, Chalit Komalamisra, Yaowalark Sukthana, Supaluk Popruk
    Parasitology International.2018; 67(6): 824.     CrossRef
  • Intestinal parasite infections in a rural community of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil): Prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis subtypes
    Carolina Valença Barbosa, Magali Muniz Barreto, Rosemary de Jesus Andrade, Fernando Sodré, Claudia Masini d’Avila-Levy, José Mauro Peralta, Ricardo Pereira Igreja, Heloisa Werneck de Macedo, Helena Lucia Carneiro Santos, Maria Victoria Periago
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    Tahereh Rezaei Riabi, Hamed Mirjalali, Ali Haghighi, Mohammad Rostami Nejad, Mohammad Amin Pourhoseingholi, Philippe Poirier, Frederic Delbac, Ivan Wawrzyniak, Mohammad Reza Zali
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  • Blastocystis subtypes and their association with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    Susana Cifre, Mónica Gozalbo, Vicente Ortiz, José M. Soriano, J. Francisco Merino, María Trelis
    Medical Hypotheses.2018; 116: 4.     CrossRef
  • Blastocystis infection and subtype distribution in humans, cattle, goats, and pigs in central and western Thailand
    Ruenruetai Udonsom, Rapeepan Prasertbun, Aongart Mahittikorn, Hirotake Mori, Tanasak Changbunjong, Chalit Komalamisra, Ai-rada Pintong, Yaowalark Sukthana, Supaluk Popruk
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Amara Yowang, Anastasios D. Tsaousis, Tawatchai Chumphonsuk, Nontaphat Thongsin, Niwed Kullawong, Siam Popluechai, Eleni Gentekaki
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    Oranuch Sanpool, Sakhone Laymanivong, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Rutchanee Rodpai, Lakkhana Sadaow, Issarapong Phosuk, Wanchai Maleewong, Pewpan M. Intapan
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    F Zulfa, I P Sari, A Kurniawan
    Journal of Physics: Conference Series.2017; 884: 012031.     CrossRef
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    Joakim Forsell, Johan Bengtsson-Palme, Martin Angelin, Anders Johansson, Birgitta Evengård, Margareta Granlund
    BMC Microbiology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Are soil and waterborne parasitic infections health risk for worker populations in southeast Turkey?
    Sibel Ak, Fadime Eroğlu, Ali İhsan Nergiz, Furkan Hıyamlı
    Dicle Tıp Dergisi.2017; 44(2): 205.     CrossRef
  • Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis in Communities along the Chao Phraya River, Thailand
    Attakorn Palasuwan, Duangdao Palasuwan, Aongart Mahittikorn, Rachatawan Chiabchalard, Valery Combes, Supaluk Popruk
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(4): 455.     CrossRef
  • The distribution of Blastocystis subtypes in isolates from Qatar
    Marawan Abu-Madi, Mahmoud Aly, Jerzy M. Behnke, C. Graham Clark, Hanan Balkhy
    Parasites & Vectors.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
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A Cross-Sectional Study on Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Rural Communities, Northeast Thailand
Sirintip Boonjaraspinyo, Thidarut Boonmars, Butsara Kaewsamut, Nuttapon Ekobol, Porntip Laummaunwai, Ratchadawan Aukkanimart, Nadchanan Wonkchalee, Amornrat Juasook, Pranee Sriraj
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):727-734.
Published online December 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.727

Despite the existence of effective anthelmintics, parasitic infections remain a major public health problem in Southeast Asia, including Thailand. In rural communities, continuing infection is often reinforced by dietary habits that have a strong cultural basis and by poor personal hygiene and sanitation. This study presents a survey of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the people in rural Thailand. The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in villages in Khon Kaen Province, northeastern Thailand, from March to August 2013. A total of 253 stool samples from 102 males and 140 females, aged 2-80 years, were prepared using formalin-ethyl acetate concentration methods and examined using light microscopy. Ninety-four individuals (37.2%) were infected with 1 or more parasite species. Presence of parasitic infection was significantly correlated with gender (P=0.001); nearly half of males in this survey (49.0%) were infected. Older people had a higher prevalence than younger members of the population. The most common parasite found was Opisthorchis viverrini (26.9%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (9.5%), Taenia spp. (1.6%), echinostomes (0.4%), and hookworms (0.4%). The prevalence of intestinal protozoa was Blastocystis hominis 1.6%, Entamoeba histolytica 0.8%, Entamoeba coli 0.8%, Balantidium coli 0.4%, Iodamoeba b?tschlii 0.4%, and Sarcocystis hominis 0.4%. Co-infections of various helminths and protozoa were present in 15.9% of the people. The present results show that the prevalence of parasitic infections in this region is still high. Proactive education about dietary habits, personal hygiene, and sanitation should be provided to the people in this community to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections. Moreover, development of policies and programs to control parasites is needed.

Citations

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    Manas Kotepui, Supaluk Popruk, Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui, Frederick Ramirez Masangkay, Kinley Wangdi, Aongart Mahittikorn, Christen Rune Stensvold
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Breast-Feeding Protects Infantile Diarrhea Caused by Intestinal Protozoan Infections
Ekhlas Hamed Abdel-Hafeez, Usama Salah Belal, Manal Zaki Mohamed Abdellatif, Koji Naoi, Kazumi Norose
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):519-524.
Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.519

This study investigated the effect of breast-feeding in protection against protozoan infection in infants with persistent diarrhea. Infants were classified into 2 groups; 161 breast-fed infants and the same number of non-breast-fed infants. Microscopic examinations of stool were done for detection of parasites and measuring the intensity of infection. Moreover, serum levels of IgE and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar, Giardia lamblia, and Blastocystis sp. were demonstrated in infants with persistent diarrhea. The percentage of protozoan infections was significantly lower in breast-fed infants than that in the non-breast-fed infants. The levels of IgE and TNF-α were significantly lower in the breast-fed group than in the non-breast-fed group. There were significant positive associations between the serum levels of IgE and TNF-α and the intensity of parasite infection in the breast-fed group. It is suggested that breast-feeding has an attenuating effect on the rate and intensity of parasite infection.

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  • Selected Protective Mechanisms of Human Milk Against Intestinal Protozoal Infections in Infants
    Joanna Wróblewska, Anna Długosz, Marcin Wróblewski, Jarosław Nuszkiewicz, Paweł Sutkowy, Alina Woźniak
    Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2025; 47(8): 674.     CrossRef
  • Giardia lamblia risk factors and burden in children with acute gastroenteritis in a Nicaraguan birth cohort
    Lester Gutiérrez, Nadja A. Vielot, Roberto Herrera, Yaoska Reyes, Christian Toval-Ruíz, Patricia Blandón, Rebecca J. Rubinstein, Javier Mora, Luther A. Bartelt, Filemón Bucardo, Sylvia Becker-Dreps, Samuel Vilchez, Sarman Singh
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  • Tradeoffs in milk immunity affect infant infectious disease risk
    Katherine Wander, Masako Fujita, Siobhan M Mattison, Margaret Duris, Megan Gauck, Tessa Hopt, Katherine Lacy, Angela Foligno, Rebecca Ulloa, Connor Dodge, Frida Mowo, Ireen Kiwelu, Blandina T Mmbaga
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    N.C. Davhana, A.K. ElBakri, P.O. Bessong, A. Samie
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    María A. Echevarría, María L. Eva
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  • Exclusive breast feeding in early infancy reduces the risk of inpatient admission for diarrhea and suspected pneumonia in rural Vietnam: a prospective cohort study
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Opportunistic Parasites among Immunosuppressed Children in Minia District, Egypt
Ekhlas H. Abdel-Hafeez, Azza K. Ahmad, Basma A. Ali, Fadia A. Moslam
Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):57-62.
Published online March 6, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.57

A total of 450 stool samples were collected from inpatient and outpatient clinics of Pediatric Department, Minia University Hospital, Minia District, Egypt. Two groups of patients were studied, including 200 immunosuppressed and 250 immunocompetent children. Stool samples were subjected to wet saline and iodine mounts. A concentration technique (formol-ether sedimentation method) was carried out for stool samples diagnosed negative by wet saline and iodine mounts. Samples were stained by 2 different methods; acid fast stain (modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain) and Giemsa stain. Total 188 cases (94%) were diagnosed positive for parasitic infections among immunosuppressed children, whereas 150 cases (60%) were positive in immunocompetent children (P<0.0001). The most common protozoan infection in immunosuppressed group was Cryptosporidium parvum (60.2%), followed by Blastocystis hominis (12.1%), Isospora belli (9.7%), and Cyclospora caytenensis (7.8%). On the other hand, Entamoeba histolytica (24.6%) and Giardia lamblia (17.6%) were more common than other protozoans in immunocompetent children.

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Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Inhabitants of Karaj City, Tehran Province, Iran in 2006-2008
Vahid Nasiri, Kasra Esmailnia, Gholamreza Karim, Mehdi Nasir, Omid Akhavan
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):265-268.
Published online August 28, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.265

Karaj is an area with large influx of refugee people in Iran. To increase knowledge about parasitic infections, we carried out this research during 2006-2008. We recorded the stool examination results and some of their personal characteristics. A total of 13,915 human stools were examined, and 649 (4.7%) were positive for intestinal parasites. Among them, 13 (0.09%) had worm and 636 (4.6%) had protozoan infections. Maximum infections belonged to Giardia intestinalis, and 534 (3.8%) samples had this infection. Other parasitic infections included Entamoeba coli (0.39%), Entamoeba histolytica (0.021%), Blastocystis hominis (0.08%), Trichomonas hominis (0.1%), Iodamoeba butschlii (0.06%), Chilomastix mesnili (0.007%), Endolimax nana (0.05%), Enterobius spp. eggs (0.028%), Taenia proglottids (0.028%), and Strongyloides stercoralis larvae (0.03%). The maximum numbers of referred people to laboratories were in July and the maximum percentage of infections was in August. There is a point that all 5 Strongyloides stercoralis infections were pertained to 2008. With attention to the rate of parasitic infections (4.7%), it seems that we should take additional educational information to wide spectrum of people living in this city.

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Epidemiological survey of Giardia spp. and Blastocystis hominis in an Argentinian rural community
Marta Cecilia Minvielle, Betina Cecilia Pezzani, Mar?a Alejandra Cordoba, Mar?a Marta De Luca, Mar?a Carmen Apezteguia, Juan Angel Basualdo
Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(3):121-127.
Published online September 20, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.3.121

The aim of this study was to relate personal data, socio-cultural and environmental characteristics, and the presence of symptoms/signs with the frequencies of Giardia spp. and Blastocystis hominis among a rural population in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Of the surveyed population (350), 3.7% were infected with only Giardia spp. or 22.9% with B. hominis, and 2.3% were infected with both protozoa. The frequency of infection according to sex; 6.1% of males were infected and 1.6% of females by Giardia spp., 26.7% and 19.5% by B. hominis, and 2.4% and 2.2% by both parasites, respectively. Giardia spp. was detected in only three adults (over 14 years), but B. hominis was more frequent in adults than in children. The prevalences of these protozoa in this community are lower than those reported by other Argentinean studies, which is probably associated with the low density of the studied population (5.95 inhab/km2). Statistical analysis revealed that a male sex, flooding of the home, the use of a latrine, and an abdominal pain were correlated with the presence of these parasites, which indicate the importance of these factors in rural communities.

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