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"Bounlay Phommasack"

Brief Communication

Echinostoma ilocanum Infection in Two Residents of Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR
Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jaeeun Cho, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):75-79.
Published online February 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.75
Adult specimens of Echinostoma ilocanum (Garrison, 1908) Odhner, 1911 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) were recovered from 2 riparian people who resided along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR. In fecal examinations done by the Kato-Katz technique, they revealed echinostome eggs together with eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini (and minute intestinal fluke eggs) and hookworms. To recover the adult flukes, they were treated with praziquantel 30-40 mg/kg in a single dose and purged with magnesium salts. A total of 658 adult fluke specimens were recovered from the 2 people; 456 from case 1 and 202 from case 2. Specimens from case 1 consisted of 335 echinostomes (301 E. ilocanum and 34 species undetermined), 120 O. viverrini, and 1 Haplorchis taichui, and those from case 2 consisted of 36 E. ilocanum, 134 O. viverrini, and 32 H. taichui. Thus, the number of E. ilocanum specimens was 337 in total (average per person, 168.5). From this study, it is suggested that foodborne intestinal flukes and liver flukes are highly prevalent along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province. The present report describes for the first time human infections with E. ilocanum in Lao PDR.

Citations

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  • Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
    Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
    International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732.     CrossRef
  • Neglected food-borne trematodiases: echinostomiasis and gastrodiscoidiasis
    Rafael Toledo, María Álvarez-Izquierdo, J. Guillermo Esteban, Carla Muñoz-Antoli
    Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1319.     CrossRef
  • General overview of the current status of human foodborne trematodiasis
    Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
    Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1262.     CrossRef
  • Foodborne intestinal flukes: A brief review of epidemiology and geographical distribution
    Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
    Acta Tropica.2020; 201: 105210.     CrossRef
  • Echinostoma aegyptica (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Infection in Five Riparian People in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR
    Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Bounlay Phammasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(1): 67.     CrossRef
  • Echinostoma mekongi n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Riparian People along the Mekong River in Cambodia
    Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Woon-Mok Sohn, Muth Sinuon, Jong-Yil Chai
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 431.     CrossRef
  • Echinochasmus caninus n. comb. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Infection in Eleven Riparian People in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR
    Jong-Yil Chai, Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyejoo Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Bounlay Phammasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(4): 451.     CrossRef
  • 10,231 View
  • 177 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
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Original Articles

Infection Status of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fishes from Vientiane Municipality and Champasak Province in Lao PDR
Keeseon S. Eom, Han-Sol Park, Dongmin Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack
Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):447-453.
Published online August 25, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.447
The infection status of fishborne zoonotic trematode (FZT) metacercariae was investigated in fishes from 2 localities of Lao PDR. Total 157 freshwater fishes (17 species) were collected in local markets of Vientiane Municipality and Champasak Province in December 2010 and July 2011, and each fish was examined by the artificial digestion method. Total 6 species of FZT metacercariae, i.e., Opisthorchis viverrini, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, Haplorchis pumilio, Centrocestus formosanus, and Procerovum varium, were detected in fishes from Vientiane Municipality. The metacercariae of O. viverrini were detected in 50 (49.5%) out of 101 fishes (6 species), and their average number was 154 per fish infected. The remaining 5 species of heterophyid metacercariae were detected in 36.8%, 65.8%, 9.4%, 23.9%, and 5.1% fishes examined, and their average densities were 12, 1,038, 4, 15, and 13 per infected fish, respectively. In fishes from Champasak Province, 3 species of FZT metacercariae, i.e., O. viverrini, H. taichui, and H. yokogawai, were detected. Only 2 O. viverrini metacercariae were found in only 1 Barbonymus schwanefeldi. The metacercariae of H. taichui and H. yokogawai were detected in 60.0% and 50.0% of fishes examined, and their average densities were 47 and 28 per fish infected. By the present study, it has been confirmed that several species of FZT metacercariae are prevalent in fishes from Vientiane Municipality, with P. varium being a new member of FZT in Lao PDR. In comparison, FZT metacercariae are less prevalent in fishes from Champasak Province.

Citations

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  • Re‐evaluation of certain aspects of the EFSA Scientific Opinion of April 2010 on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products, based on new scientific data. Part 2
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    EFSA Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Infection rate of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae in cyprinoid fish from the markets and its association to human opisthorchiasis in the local community in the Northeast Thailand
    Lakhanawan Charoensuk, Alexis Ribas, Kacha Chedtabud, Suksanti Prakobwong
    Acta Tropica.2022; 225: 106216.     CrossRef
  • Similarities and differences among the Opisthorchiidae liver flukes: insights from Opisthorchis felineus
    Maria Y. Pakharukova, Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov
    Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1306.     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis of Centrocestus formosanus Infection in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) in Italy: A Window to a New Globalization-Derived Invasive Microorganism
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    Animals.2020; 10(3): 456.     CrossRef
  • Discovery of Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Metacercariae in Second Intermediate Hosts and Surveillance on Fish-Borne Trematode Metacercariae Infections in Mekong Region of Myanmar
    Ei Ei Phyo Myint, Amornpun Sereemaspun, Joacim Rocklöv, Choosak Nithikathkul
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(11): 4108.     CrossRef
  • Larval Gnathostomes and Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from a Local Market in Yangon City, Myanmar
    Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Keon Hoon Lee, Jin-Youp Ryu, Hyeon-Seung Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 701.     CrossRef
  • Infection status with zoonotic trematode metacercariae in fish from Lao PDR
    Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Bounlay Phommasack
    Acta Tropica.2019; 199: 105100.     CrossRef
  • Ultrasonographic investigation of cholangiocarcinoma in Lao PDR
    Ju Yeong Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Han-Jong Rim, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Keeseon S. Eom, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jae Hoon Lim, Dongil Choi, Sithat Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay
    Acta Tropica.2018; 182: 128.     CrossRef
  • Opisthorchis viverrini infection in the snail and fish intermediate hosts in Central Vietnam
    Ha Thanh Thi Dao, Veronique Dermauw, Sarah Gabriël, Apiporn Suwannatrai, Smarn Tesana, Giang Thanh Thi Nguyen, Pierre Dorny
    Acta Tropica.2017; 170: 120.     CrossRef
  • Metacercaria Infection Status of Fishborne Zoonotic Trematodes, Except for Clonorchis sinensis in Fish from the Heilongjiang Province, China
    Jian-Hua Qiu, Ying Zhang, Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Yuan Gao, Qi Li, Qiao-Cheng Chang, Chun-Ren Wang
    Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2017; 14(8): 440.     CrossRef
  • Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: An update
    Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
    Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2017; 8-9: 33.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Centrocestus formosanus Metacercariae in Ornamental Fish from Chiang Mai, Thailand, with Molecular Approach Using ITS2
    Atcharaphan Wanlop, Chalobol Wongsawad, Pongphol Prattapong, Pheravut Wongsawad, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(4): 445.     CrossRef
  • Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Yangon, Myanmar and Their Adults Recovered from Experimental Animals
    Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jong-Bok Park, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(6): 631.     CrossRef
  • 11,208 View
  • 131 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Intestinal Helminths Recovered from Humans in Xieng Khouang Province, Lao PDR with a Particular Note on Haplorchis pumilio Infection
Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Bong-Kwang Jung, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Duk-Young Min, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Sithat Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Han-Jong Rim
Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):439-445.
Published online August 25, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.439
A survey of intestinal helminths was undertaken in riparian people in Xieng Khouang Province, Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected from 643 people (289 males and 354 females) residing in 4 districts (Nonghet, Kham, Phoukout, and Pek) and were examined by the Kato-Katz technique. The overall helminth egg positive rate was 41.2%, and hookworms revealed the highest prevalence (32.7%) followed by Trichuris trichiura (7.3%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.6%). The positive rate for small trematode eggs (STE), which may include Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyids, and lecithodendriids, was 4.4%. For recovery of adult helminths, 12 STE or nematode/cestode egg-positive people were treated with 40 mg/kg praziquantel and 15 mg/kg pyrantel pamoate, and then purged. Mixed infections with 2 Haplorchis species (H. pumilio and H. taichui), Centrocestus formosanus, Opisthorchis viverrini, a species of cestode (Taenia saginata), and several species of nematodes including hookworms and Enterobius vermicularis were detected. The worm load for trematodes was the highest for H. pumilio with an average of 283.5 specimens per infected person followed by C. formosanus, H. taichui, and O. viverrini. The worm load for nematodes was the highest for hookworms (21.5/infected case) followed by E. vermicularis (3.2/infected case). The results revealed that the surveyed areas of Xieng Khouang Province, Lao PDR are endemic areas of various species of intestinal helminths. The STE found in the surveyed population were verified to be those of heterophyids, particularly H. pumilio.

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    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(3): e0011073.     CrossRef
  • Incidence of fish-borne trematode infections and associated factors: results from a cohort study in highly endemic communities in northern Vietnam
    Thao Thi Bich Nguyen, Veronique Dermauw, Dung Thi Bui, Hafid Dahma, Dung Thuy Le, Hien Thi Thu Nguyen, Dung Trung Do, Pierre Dorny, Bertrand Losson, Olivier Vandenberg
    Parasitology Research.2023; 122(6): 1415.     CrossRef
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    Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1262.     CrossRef
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    Acta Tropica.2021; 224: 106133.     CrossRef
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    Acta Tropica.2020; 201: 105210.     CrossRef
  • Echinostoma aegyptica (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Infection in Five Riparian People in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR
    Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Bounlay Phammasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(1): 67.     CrossRef
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    Animals.2020; 10(3): 456.     CrossRef
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    BioMed Research International.2019; 2019: 1.     CrossRef
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    Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Bounlay Phommasack
    Acta Tropica.2019; 199: 105100.     CrossRef
  • Echinochasmus caninus n. comb. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Infection in Eleven Riparian People in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR
    Jong-Yil Chai, Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyejoo Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Bounlay Phammasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(4): 451.     CrossRef
  • Ultrasonographic investigation of cholangiocarcinoma in Lao PDR
    Ju Yeong Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Han-Jong Rim, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Keeseon S. Eom, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jae Hoon Lim, Dongil Choi, Sithat Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay
    Acta Tropica.2018; 182: 128.     CrossRef
  • Echinostoma ilocanum Infection in Two Residents of Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR
    Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jaeeun Cho, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(1): 75.     CrossRef
  • Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: An update
    Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
    Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2017; 8-9: 33.     CrossRef
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  • 122 Download
  • 20 Web of Science
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Prevalence of Helminthic Infections among Inhabitants of Lao PDR
Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Virasack Banouvong, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack
Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):51-56.
Published online February 19, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.51

The prevalence of helminthic infections was surveyed on a total of 6,178 residents (males 2,549 and females 3,629) in 102 villages of 9 provinces in Lao PDR between 2007 and 2011 under the project of Korea-Laos Collaborative Project for Control of Foodborne Trematode Infections in Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected and examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear and Stoll's egg counting techniques. The overall liver/intestinal helminth egg positive rate was 71.9% with a single or mixed infections with Opisthorchis viverrini and minute intestinal flukes (Ov/MIF), Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, Trichuris trichiura, Trichostrongylus sp., echinostomes, Taenia spp., and others. Ov/MIF revealed the highest prevalence (55.6%) followed by hookworms (27.8%) and T. trichiura (6.5%). The endemic regions with the highest prevalence of Ov/MIF were Savannakhet, Khammouane, Vientiane (Nam Ngum), Champasak (Khong Island), and Saravane Province. High prevalences of A. lumbricoides (33.8%), hookworms (47.8%), and T. trichiura (32.6%) were observed in Phongsaly, Luang Prabang, and Vientiane (Nam Ngum) areas, respectively. The results of this study highlight helminth parasites of current public health significance in different areas of Lao PDR.

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  • Multiparasitism and intensity of helminth infections in relation to symptoms and nutritional status among children: A cross-sectional study in southern Lao People's Democratic Republic
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  • Infection Status of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fishes from Vientiane Municipality and Champasak Province in Lao PDR
    Keeseon S. Eom, Han-Sol Park, Dongmin Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack
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  • Intestinal Helminths Recovered from Humans in Xieng Khouang Province, Lao PDR with a Particular Note on <i>Haplorchis pumilio</i> Infection
    Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Bong-Kwang Jung, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Duk-Young Min, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Sithat Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Han-Jong Rim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(4): 439.     CrossRef
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Hyperendemicity of Haplorchis taichui Infection among Riparian People in Saravane and Champasak Province, Lao PDR
Jong-Yil Chai, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Duk-Young Min, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Tae-Yun Kim, Bong-Kwang Jung, Lay Sisabath, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Han-Jong Rim
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):305-311.
Published online June 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.305

In this study, we found that Haplorchis taichui, a heterophyid intestinal fluke, is highly prevalent, with heavy worm loads, among riparian people in Saravane and Champasak province, Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected from 1,460 people (717 men and 743 women) in 12 riparian (Mekong river) districts and were examined by the Kato-Katz fecal smear technique. The overall helminth egg positive rate was 78.8% and 66.4% in Saravane and Champasak province, respectively. The positive rate for small trematode eggs (STE), which included H. taichui and other heterophyids, Opisthorchis viverrini, and lecithodendriids, was 69.9% and 46.3% in Saravane and Champasak province, respectively. To obtain adult flukes, 30 STE-positive people were treated with 40 mg/kg praziquantel and then purged. Whole diarrheic stools were collected 4-5 times for each person and searched for fluke specimens using a stereomicroscope. Mixed infections with various species of trematodes (H. taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, O. viverrini, Prosthodendrium molenkampi, Centrocestus formosanus, and Echinochasmus japonicus) and a species of cestode (Taenia saginata) were found. However, the worm load was exceptionally high for H. taichui compared with other trematode species, with an average of 21,565 and 12,079 specimens per infected person in Saravane and Champasak province, respectively, followed by H. pumilio (41.9 and 22.5, respectively) and O. viverrini (9.4 and 1.5, respectively). These results show that diverse species of intestinal and liver flukes are prevalent among riparian people in Saravane and Champasak province, Lao PDR, with H. taichui being the exceptionally dominant species.

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Brief Communication

Current Status of Human Taeniasis in Lao People's Democratic Republic
Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Tai-Soon Yong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Cheong-Ha Yun, Han-Jong Rim, Tiengkham Pongvongsa, Virasack Banouvong, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Keeseon S. Eom
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):259-263.
Published online April 25, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.259

Human taeniasis was investigated in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 2000 and 2011 as part of the nation's helminthiasis survey. A total of 55,038 inhabitants, including 29,846 school children, were examined using the Kato-Katz and scotch-tape anal swab method, and morphological observation of adult worms. Molecular identification of Taenia tapeworms was performed by multiplex PCR or DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Taenia eggs were present at a rate of 1.5% (845/55,038) in the subject population. Adult tapeworms were identified as T. solium or T. saginata by analyzing the collectable stool specimens (n=126). Three specimens identified as T. solium were found in Luang Prabang, while the remaining 123 specimens, which were T. saginata, were found in Bokeo, Bolikhamxay, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouane, Luang Namta, Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, Phongsaly, Saysomboune, Saravane, Savannakhet, Xayaboury, Xekong, Xieng Khouang Province, and Vientiane Municipality.

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Original Article

Fishborne Trematode Metacercariae in Luang Prabang, Khammouane, and Saravane Province, Lao PDR
Han-Jong Rim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Soon-Hyung Lee, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Sithat Insisiengmay
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):107-114.
Published online February 18, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.107

Fishborne trematode (FBT) metacercariae were investigated in fish from 3 Provinces of Lao PDR. Total 242 freshwater fish of 40 species were collected in local markets of Luang Prabang (59 fish of 16 species), Khammouane (81 fish of 19 species), and Saravane (97 fish of 14 species), and each of them was examined by artificial digestion method. Four species of metacercariae (Opisthorchis viverrini, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, and Centrocestus formosanus) were detected. O. viverrini was detected in 35 fish (14.5%), and their density was 252 per infected fish (Luang Prabang, 88 metacercariae in 5 fish; Khammouane, 187 in 6 fish; Saravane, 303 in 24 fish). H. taichui was found in 102 fish (42.1%), and their density was 485 per infected fish (Luang Prabang, 260 metacercariae in 38 fish; Khammouane, 1,084 in 23 fish; Saravane, 359 in 41 fish). H. yokogawai was detected in 92 fish (38.0%), and their density was 222 per infected fish (Luang Prabang, 362 metacercariae in 17 fish; Khammouane, 126 in 20 fish; Saravane, 214 in 55 fish). Metacercariae of C. formosanus were found in 8 fish (3.3%), and their density was 3 per infected fish. In the present study, it has been confirmed that FBT metacercariae, in particular, H. taichui, H. yokogawai, and O. viverrini, are highly prevalent in fish from Luang Prabang, Khammouane, and Saravane Province, Lao PDR.

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Brief Communication

Prevalence of the Intestinal Flukes Haplorchis taichui and H. yokogawai in a Mountainous Area of Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR
Jong-Yil Chai, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Duk-Young Min, Eun-Hee Shin, Virasack Banouvong, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Sithat Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Han-Jong Rim
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):339-342.
Published online December 16, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.339

Phongsaly Province, located in the northernmost area of Lao PDR, was previously suggested to be endemic for the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini infection. To confirm, or rule out, this suggestion, the Phonxay village in the Khoua District, Phongsaly Province, was selected for a survey. Ten volunteers (8 men and 2 women aged 31-57 years) who consumed raw freshwater fish and had gastrointestinal troubles were treated with a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) and pyrantel pamoate (10 mg/kg) and purged with magnesium sulfate to recover any worm parasites. Eight of the 10 volunteers expelled 1 or more species of trematodes, nematodes, or cestodes (worm positive rate; 80%). The worms were morphologically identified as H. taichui (861 worms from 8 people), H. yokogawai (59 from 6 people), Phaneropsolus bonnei (1 from 1 person), Trichostrongylus sp. (2 from 2 people), Ascaris lumbricoides (2 from 1 person), Enterobius vermicularis (11 from 3 people), and Taenia saginata (1 strobila with scolex from 1 person). The results indicate that the mountainous area of Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR, is not endemic for the liver fluke but endemic for intestinal flukes, in particular, Haplorchis taichui and H. yokogawai.

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Original Articles
High Prevalence of Haplorchis taichui, Phaneropsolus molenkampi, and Other Helminth Infections among People in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR
Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Duk-Young Min, Jin-Young Um, Min-Sung Park, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):243-247.
Published online August 28, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.243

The prevalence of liver and intestinal helminth infections, including Opisthorchis, Haplorchis, Phaneropsolus, hookworms, Enterobius, and Taenia, was surveyed in Khammouane province, Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected from 1,242 people (590 men and 652 women) in 3 Mekong riverside villages and were examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The overall helminth egg positive rate was 81.1%. The positive rate for small trematode eggs, including Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyids, and lecithodendriids, was 81.1% and the positive rate for hookworms was 6.7%. To obtain adult worms, 35 people who were positive for small trematode eggs were treated with 20-30 mg/kg praziquantel and 10-15 mg/kg pyrantel pamoate, and then purged. Diarrheic stools were collected from 33 of these people and searched for helminth parasites using a stereomicroscope. Mixed infections with various helminths (Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, Prosthodendrium molenkampi, Phaneropsolus bonnei, echinostomes, hookworms, Trichostrongylus spp., Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, and/or Taenia saginata) were found. The total number of helminth specimens collected was 20,907 (approximately 634 per person). The most common species was H. taichui, followed by P. molenkampi, O. viverrini, P. bonnei, E. vermicularis, hookworms, and Trichostrongylus spp. These results show that diverse species of intestinal nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes are infecting humans in Khammouane province, Lao PDR.

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Fishborne Trematode Metacercariae Detected in Freshwater Fish from Vientiane Municipality and Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR
Han-Jong Rim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Soon-Hyung Lee, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Sithat Insisengmay
Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(4):253-260.
Published online December 20, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.253

Freshwater fish from Vientiane Municipality and Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR were examined by the muscle compression and artificial digestion methods to know the infection status with trematode metacercariae. In the fish from Savannakhet, 2 species of metacercariae, Opisthorchis viverrini and Haplorchis taichui, were detected. O. viverrini metacercariae were found in 6 species of fish, Puntius brevis, Hampala dispar, Esomus metallicus, Mystacoleucus marginatus, Puntioplites falcifer, and Cyclocheilichthys armatus. H. taichui metacercariae were detected in 3 species of fish, P. brevis, P. falcifer, and M. marginatus. In the fish from Vientiane, 4 species of metacercariae, O. viverrini, H. taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, and Centrocestus formosanus, were detected. Among them, O. viverrini metacercariae were found in 7 species of fish, Onychostoma elongatum, C. armatus, H. dispar, P. brevis, Cyclocheilichthys repasson, Osteochilus hasseltii, and Hypsibarbus lagleri. The metacercariae of H. taichui were detected in 6 species of fish, C. repasson, O. elongatum, C. armatus, H. dispar, Labiobarbus leptocheila, and Cirrhinus molitorella. The metacercariae of H. yokogawai were found in 9 species of fish, C. repasson, O. elongatum, C. armatus, H. dispar, Labiobarbus leptocheila, O. hasseltii. C. molitorella, Hypsibarbus wetmorei, and H. lagleri. The metacercariae of C. formosanus were detected in 4 species of fish, C. repasson, P. brevis, O. hasseltii, and C. molitorella. From these results, it is confirmed that fishborne trematode metacercariae, i.e. O. viverrini, H. taichui, H. yokogawai and C. formosanus, are prevalent in various species of freshwater fish from Savannakhet Province and Vientiane Municipality, Lao PDR.

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High prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections among residents of Savannakhet Province in Laos
Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Taek Han, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Keon-Hoon Lee, Hoo-Gn Jeong, Yong-Sang Ryang, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):213-218.
Published online September 20, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.213

The prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections was surveyed on residents of Savannakhet Province, Laos. Fecal specimens were collected from a total of 981 residents in 4 Mekong riverside villages and examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The results revealed that the overall helminth egg positive rate was 84.2%, and the positive rate for small trematode eggs, including Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyids, or lecithodendriids, was 67.1%. To obtain adult flukes, 38 small trematode egg positive cases were treated with a 20-30 mg/kg single dose of praziquantel and purged. Diarrheic stools were then collected from 29 people and searched for helminth parasites using stereomicroscopes. Mixed infections with O. viverrini and 6 kinds of intestinal flukes were found, namely, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, Haplorchis yokogawai, Prosthodendrium molenkampi, Phaneropsolus bonnei, and echinostomes. The total number of flukes collected was 7,693 specimens (av. no. per treated person; 265.3). The most common species was O. viverrini, followed by H. taichui, P. molenkampi, echinostomes, H. pumilio, P. bonnei, and H. yokogawai. The results indicate that foodborne liver and intestinal fluke infections are prevalent among residents of Savannakhet Province, Laos.

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