Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Foxp3"

Brief Communication

Syphacia obvelata: A New Hope to Induction of Intestinal Immunological Tolerance in C57BL/6 Mice: Niloofar Taghipour, Nariman Mosaffa, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad, Mohamad Mohsen Homayoni, Esmaeil Mortaz, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Mohammad Reza Zali; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(4):439-444.
Published online August 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.439

Abstract
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The ability of nematodes to manipulate the immune system of their host towards a Th2 and T regulatory responses has been proposed to suppress the inflammatory response. Clinical trials have proposed a useful effect of helminth infections on improvement of inflammatory disorders. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of Syphacia obvelata infection to induce intestinal tolerance in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were infected through the cagemates with self-infected BALB/c mice. Four weeks post-infection, expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-10 were assessed in the supernatant of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) culture. Foxp3⁺Treg were measured in MLN cells by flow cytometry. In the S. obvelata-infected group, the percentage of Tregs (5.2±0.4) was significantly higher than the control (3.6±0.5) (P<0.05). The levels of IL-10 (55.3±2.2 vs 35.2±3.2), IL-17 (52.9±3.8 vs 41±1.8), IFN-γ (44.8±4.8 vs 22.3±2.3) and TNF-α (71.1±5.8 vs 60.1±3.3) were significantly increased in infected mice compared to the control group (P<0.05). The above results showed the potential effects of S. obvelata to induce intestinal tolerance. Therefore, it seems that S. obvelata may increase the immunological suppressive function in the intestinal tract.

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Syphacia obvelata antigens alter the FOXP3/RORɣt expression balance in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IBD patients
Abbas Amin, Niloofar Taghipour, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad, Foroogh Alborzi Avanaki, Reyhaneh Jafarshad, Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei, Nariman Mosaffa
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mojdeh Khosravi, Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi, Hamed Mirjalali, Mohammad Reza Zali
International Journal of Nanomedicine.2020; Volume 15: 2957. CrossRef
Immunomodulatory effect of Syphacia obvelata in treatment of experimental DSS-induced colitis in mouse model
Niloofar Taghipour, Nariman Mosaffa, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad, Joel V. Weinstock, Sarira Shahnavaz, Mohammad Reza Zali
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
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Original Articles

Activation and Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells via Chemokine Receptor Activation in Trichinella spiralis-Infected Mice: Jeong-Bin Ahn, Shin Ae Kang, Dong-Hee Kim, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):163-171.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.163

Abstract
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As most infections by the helminth parasite elicit the recruitment of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T (T_reg) cells, many scientists have suggested that these cells could be used for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammation and associated diseases. In order to investigate the distribution and alteration of activated T_reg cells, we compared the expression levels of T_reg cell activation markers in the ileum and gastrocnemius tissues 1, 2, and 4 weeks after infection. The number of T_reg cells was monitored using GFP-coded Foxp3 transgenic mice. In mice at 1 week after Trichinella spiralis infection, the number of activated T_reg cells was higher than in the control group. In mice at 2 weeks after infection, there was a significant increase in the number of cells expressing Foxp3 and CTLA-4 when compared to the control group and mice at 1 week after infection. At 4 weeks after infection, T. spiralis was easily identifiable in nurse cells in mouse muscles. In the intestine, the expression of Gzmb and Klrg1 decreased over time and that of Capg remained unchanged for the first and second week, then decreased in the 4th week. However, in the muscles, the expression of most chemokine genes was increased due to T. spiralis infection, in particular the expression levels of Gzmb, OX40, and CTLA-4 increased until week 4. In addition, increased gene expression of all chemokine receptors in muscle, CXCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR9, and CCR10, was observed up until the 4th week. In conclusion, various chemokine receptors showed increased expressions combined with recruitment of T_reg cells in the muscle tissue.

Citations

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Trichinella spiralis adult excretory-secretory antigen promotes peripheral regulatory T cell differentiation and attenuates experimental colitis via TGF-β-like mechanisms
Xi-Meng Sun, Ze-Ni Luo, Wei Wang, Chun-Yue Hao, Zhi-Ang Li, Saeed El-Ashram, Xin-Ping Zhu
Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Chemokines and chemokine receptors: Insights from human disease and experimental models of helminthiasis
Lucas Kraemer, Derek M. McKay, Remo Castro Russo, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews.2022; 66: 38. CrossRef
Trichinella-induced immunomodulation: Another tale of helminth success
F. Bruschi, D.S. Ashour, A.A. Othman
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2022; 27: e00164. CrossRef
Regulatory T‐cells in helminth infection: induction, function and therapeutic potential
Madeleine P. J. White, Caitlin M. McManus, Rick M. Maizels
Immunology.2020; 160(3): 248. CrossRef
Trichinella spiralis:inflammation modulator
Jing Ding, Xiaolei Liu, Xue Bai, Yang Wang, Jian Li, Chun Wang, Shicun Li, Mingyuan Liu, Xuelin Wang
Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 on the Efficacy of the Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Vaccine Against Schistosoma japonicum
Chun-lian Tang, Qun Pan, Ya-ping Xie, Ying Xiong, Rong-hui Zhang, Jin Huang
Frontiers in Immunology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Regulatory effect of two Trichinella spiralis serine protease inhibitors on the host’s immune system
Jingyun Xu, Pengcheng Yu, Lijia Wu, Mingxu Liu, Yixin Lu
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
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Lan-Zhu Yan, Xiao-Meng Shi, Yan-Wen Zu, Yuan-Yuan Shen, Xi-Xi Chen, Meng-Jing Zhao, Xing-Pan Li, Bao-Long Yan, Hui-Cong Huang
Parasites & Vectors.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Age-Related CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T-Cell Responses During Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection in Mice Susceptible or Resistant to Cerebral Malaria: Ying Shan, Jun Liu, Yan-Yan Pan, Yong-Jun Jiang, Hong Shang, Ya-Ming Cao; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):289-295.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.289

Abstract
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Different functions have been attributed to CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) during malaria infection. Herein, we describe the disparity in Treg response and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA between young (3-week-old) and middle-aged (8-month-old) C57BL/6 mice. Young mice were susceptible to cerebral malaria (CM), while the middle-aged mice were resistant to CM and succumbed to hyperparasitemia and severe anemia. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, in young CM-susceptible mice were markedly higher than in middle-aged CM-resistant mice. An increased absolute number of Tregs 3-5 days post-inoculation, co-occurring with elevated IL-10 levels, was observed in middle-aged CM-resistant mice but not in young CM-susceptible mice. Our findings suggest that Treg proliferation might be associated with the suppression of excessive pro-inflammatory Th1 response during early malaria infection, leading to resistance to CM in the middle-aged mice, possibly in an IL-10-dependent manner.

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M. F. Fontana, A. Baccarella, D. Kellar, T. K. Oniskey, P. Terinate, S. D. Rosenberg, E. J. Huang, D. R. Herbert, C. C. Kim
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Malaria Journal.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Trichinella spiralis Infection Suppressed Gut Inflammation with CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T Cell Recruitment: Min Kyoung Cho, Mi Kyung Park, Shin Ae Kang, Seon Hee Choi, Soon Cheol Ahn, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):385-390.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.385

Abstract
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In order to know the effect of pre-existing Trichinella spiralis infection on experimentally induced intestinal inflammation and immune responses, we induced colitis in T. spiralis-infected mice and observed the severity of colitis and the levels of Th1, Th2, and regulatory cytokines and recruitment of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T (regulatory T; T_reg) cells. Female C57BL/6 mice were infected with 250 muscle larvae; after 4 weeks, induction of experimental colitis was performed using 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). During the induction period, we observed severity of colitis, including weight loss and status of stool, and evaluated the disease activity index (DAI). A significantly low DAI and degree of weight loss were observed in infected mice, compared with uninfected mice. In addition, colon length in infected mice was not contracted, compared with uninfected mice. We also observed a significant increase in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IFN-γ, in spleen lymphocytes treated with DSS; however, such an increase was not observed in infected mice treated with DSS. Of particular interest, production of regulatory cytokines, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, in spleen lymphocytes showed a significant increase in mice infected with T. spiralis. A similar result was observed in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Subsets of the population of T_reg cells in MLN and spleen showed significant increases in mice infected with T. spiralis. In conclusion, T. spiralis infection can inhibit the DSS-induced colitis in mice by enhancing the regulatory cytokine and T_reg cells recruitment.

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