Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Hyeon Cheol Kim"

Brief Communications

Alaria alata (Digenea: Diplostomidae) from Korean Raccoon Dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea: Heon Woo Lee, Eui Ju Hong, Hyeon Cheol Kim, Si Yun Ryu, Bae Keun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(5):361-365.
Published online October 21, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.5.361

Abstract
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We report a species of diplostomid fluke recovered from 3 carcasses of wild Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea. A total of 107 diplostomid flukes were recovered from the small intestines of Korean raccoon dogs, which were obtained from the Gangwon Wildlife Medical Rescue Center. Worms fixed with 10% neutral formalin were subjected to microscopic observation and those fixed in 70% ethanol were used for molecular genomic analysis. The worm was divided into 2 separate parts, forebody and hindbody, with a total length of 3,020-4,090 (3,855) µm and a width of 1,210-1,770 (1,562) µm. The boat-shaped forebody has a pair of characteristic tentacular appendage, 2 suckers, holdfast organ, and vitelline follicles. The oval to cylindrical hindbody has reproductive organs. The ovary was round or elliptical and located in the anterior of the testes. Two large testes were slightly segmented and tandemly arranged, occupying almost half of hindbody. The short uterus contained a relatively small number of unembryonated eggs sized 130-140×85-96 µm. The partial sequence of 18S rRNA of this fluke was consistent with Alaria alata. Based on the morphological and molecular characteristics, the diplostomid flukes recovered from the small intestine of Korean raccoon dogs were identified as A. alata (Digenea: Diplostomidae).

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Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastrointestinal wall thickness in Korean raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis)
Yoonju Choi, Myeongsu Kim, Jae-Ik Han, Kichang Lee, Hakyoung Yoon
Journal of Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Cryptocotyle lata (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) Adult from a Korean Raccoon Dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis: Heon Woo Lee, Eui Ju Hong, Hyeon Cheol Kim, Si Yun Ryu, Bae Keun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(6):645-649.
Published online December 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.645

Abstract
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Total 513 heterophyid flukes were collected from a carcass of wild Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea. With morphological and molecular characteristics, the flukes were identified to Cryptocotyle lata. The adult C. lata were minute, transparent, pentagonal, 522 µm long by 425 µm wide. Ceca extended into post-testicular region. Ventrogenital sac elliptical, 79 µm by 87 µm with genital pore and ventral sucker. Two testes semielliptical and slightly lobed, located in the posterior region, right testis 173 µm by 155 µm, left testis 130 µm by 134 µm. In a phylogenetic tree, the fluke specimen of this study was grouped with C. lata divergent from Cryptocotyle lingua. We report here N. procyonoides koreensis first as a natural definitive host of C. lata.

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Euryhelmis squamula (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Recovered from Korean Raccoon Dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea: Hyeon Cheol Kim, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, Jinho Park, Jeong Gon Cho, Do Hyeon Yu, Joon Seok Chae, Kyoung Seong Choi, Bae Keun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(3):303-309.
Published online June 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.303

Abstract
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In this study, we intended to describe an unrecorded species of heterophyid trematode recovered from the small intestine of a Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea. A total of 13 small flukes were collected from a deceased Korean raccoon dog which was found in Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea in May 2017. The trematode body were covered with many small spines, rectangular, broader than long, 807-1,103 µm long and 1,270-1,550 µm wide. Oral sucker in the anterior end slightly smaller than acetabulum. Pharynx muscular and well developed. Esophagus relatively long and sigmoid. Acetabulum small and located at median in anterior 2/5 portion. Ceca bifurcated at the anterior of genital pore and acetabulum and terminated at testis level. Testes larger, deeply lobed and located at the near of posterior end of body. Ovary small, triangular and located at the slight left of median and the anterior of left testis. Vitelline follicles dendritic and extend from the middle level of esophagus to the posterior portion of body. Eggs embryonated, operculated, small and 33-35×15-16 µm in size. Based on the morphological characteristics, the small heterophyid flukes recovered from the small intestines of Korean raccoon dog, N. procyonoides koreensis, were identified as Euryhelmis squamula (Digenea: Heterophyidae). Accordingly, this species of heterophyid flukes is to be a new trematode fauna in Korea by this study.

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Morbidity in California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz, 1833) caused by Euryhelmis sp. Poche, 1926 (Trematoda: Heterophyiidae)
Jaimie L. Miller, Lawrence Erickson, Susanne Fork, Constance L. Roderick, Daniel A. Grear, Rebecca A. Cole
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2024; 23: 100908. CrossRef
The grey wolf (Canis lupus) as a host of Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus s.l. and other helminths – a new zoonotic threat in Poland
Jacek Karamon, Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg, Ewa Bilska-Zając, Weronika Korpysa-Dzirba, Jacek Sroka, Jolanta Zdybel, Tomasz Cencek
Journal of Veterinary Research.2024; 68(4): 539. CrossRef
Cryptocotyle lata (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) Adult from a Korean Raccoon Dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis
Heon Woo Lee, Eui Ju Hong, Hyeon Cheol Kim, Si Yun Ryu, Bae Keun Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 645. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae) from Striped Field Mice, Apodemus agrarius, in Korea: Hyeon Cheol Kim, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, Jinho Park, Jeong Gon Cho, Do Hyeon Yu, Joon Seok Chae, Kyoung Seong Choi, Bae Keun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):403-411.
Published online August 25, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.403

Abstract
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Adult ascarid worms from the field mice, Apodemus agrarius, were observed with a light and scanning electron microscope, and molecularly analized with 18S rRNA gene. In the scanning electron microscope, 3 prominent labia were present in the anterior end of male and female worms, but the interlabia and gubernaculum were absent. Scanning electron micrographs showed cervical alae as vestigial organs that looked like a slightly uplifted superficial sewing stitch. Total 6 pairs of post-cloacal papillae were observed on the tail of the male worms. The tail of female worms was blunt and conical shape with a spine-like structure, mucron. The eggs were sub-globular, coated with the albuminous layer and 73 by 82 μm in average size. The superficial pits of T. apodemi egg (mean 8.6×6.7 μm) are obviously bigger than those of Toxocara spp. The partial sequence of 18S rRNA showed the sequence homology of Toxocara canis (99.6%), Toxocara cati (99.4%), Toxascaris leonina (99.4%), and Toxocara vitulorum (99.2%). Conclusively, it was confirmed that ascarid nematodes, Toxocara apodemi, recovered from striped field mice in Korea are taxonomically conspecific relationship with genus Toxocara and genetic divergence from other Toxocara species.

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First molecular characterization and species validation of Toxocara alienata (Rudolphi 1819) (Nematoda: Ascarididae), from a crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus)
Gustavo Macêdo do Carmo, Lorena Gisela Ailán-Choke, Hassan Jerdy, Hermínio Ismael de Araújo-Júnior, Felipe Bisaggio Pereira
Parasitology International.2026; 111: 103160. CrossRef
Parasites in the Digestive Tract of Lion (Panthera leo) at the Safari Park of Gurun Putih Lestari Jantho, Aceh Besar
Fajri Dwitama, Razali Daud, Arman Sayuti, Yudha Fahrimal
Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology.2025; 6(1): 32. CrossRef
Nematocidal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using chicken egg albumin in lung and spleen of Parascaris equorum experimentally infected rats
Sara Bayoumi Ali, Ayman Saber Mohamed, Sohair R. Fahmy, Manal El–Garhy, Mohamed R. Mousa, Fathy Abdel-Ghaffar
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Incidence and Risk Factors of Toxocara vitulorum Infection in Beef Cattle of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Vika Ichsania Ninditya, Fitrine Ekawasti, Joko Prastowo, Irkham Widiyono, Wisnu Nurcahyo
World's Veterinary Journal.2024; 14(4): 592. CrossRef
Characterisation of the mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae)
Y. Gao, Y. Hu, S. Xu, H. Liang, H. Lin, T. H. Yin, K. Zhao
Journal of Helminthology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Complete Mitogenome of Toxocara vitulorum: Novel In-Sights into the Phylogenetics in Toxocaridae
Yue Xie, Lidan Wang, Yijun Chen, Zhao Wang, Pengchen Zhu, Zun Hu, Xinfeng Han, Zhisheng Wang, Xuan Zhou, Zhicai Zuo
Animals.2022; 12(24): 3546. CrossRef

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Urogonimus turdi (Digenea: Leucochloridiidae) from the White’s Thrush, Zoothera aurea, in the Republic of Korea: Hyeon Cheol Kim, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, Jinho Park, Do Hyeon Yu, Joon Seok Chae, Kyoung Seong Choi, Cheolho Sim, Bae Keun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(5):461-467.
Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.461

Abstract
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Avian trematodes, Urogonimus turdi (Digenea: Leucochloridiidae), were collected from the intestine of wild birds, Zoothera aurea, 2013-2017 in the Daejeon Metropolitan City, Korea. The body was ellipsoidal, attenuated and/or round ends, 1,987-2,120 long and 819-831 ?m wide. The oral sucker was subterminal, rounded anteriorly, and 308- 425×351-432 ?m in size; the prepharynx and esophagus were almost lacking; pharynx was well-developed, 142- 179×78-170 ?m in size; intestine narrow, bifurcating just after pharynx, ascending to the oral sucker before looping posteriorly and terminating near the posterior end; ventral sucker larger, in almost median, 536-673×447-605 ?m and approximately 1.5 times larger than oral sucker. A phylogenetic tree constructed with 18S ribosomal RNA showed inter- and intraspecific relationships. Based on these morphological and molecular findings, we report here a U. turdi from White’s thrushes in Korea.

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Complete life cycle of Parorchis trophoni sp. nov. (Digenea: Philophthalmidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic coast, Argentina, revealed by morphological and molecular data
Julia Inés Diaz, Sofía Capasso, Carmen Gilardoni, Eliana Lorenti, Vasyl V. Tkach, Florencia Cremonte
Polar Biology.2023; 46(8): 737. CrossRef
Rediscovery of Michajlovia turdi (Digenea: Brachylaimoidea) from Japan
Mizuki Sasaki, Takashi Iwaki, Minoru Nakao
Journal of Parasitology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular identification of the broodsacs from Leucochloridium passeri (Digenea: Leucochloridiidae) with a review of Leucochloridium species records in Taiwan
Ming-Chung Chiu, Zhao-Hui Lin, Po-Wei Hsu, Hsuan-Wien Chen
Parasitology International.2022; 91: 102644. CrossRef
Nematodes and trematodes associated with terrestrial gastropods in Nottingham, England
P. S. Andrus, R. Rae, C. M. Wade
Journal of Helminthology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Age-dependent resistance to Cryptosporidium muris (strain MCR) infection in golden hamsters and mice: Jae Ku Rhee, Wang Su So, Hyeon Cheol Kim; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(1):33-37.
Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.1.33

Abstract
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An age-dependent aspect of resistance to Cryptosporidium muris (strain MCR) infection was monitored in Syrian golden hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus, at 1-, 5- and 10-week of age and in ICR mice, Mus musculus, at 3-, 12-, and 15-week of age orally inoculated with a single dose of 2×10⁶ oocysts, respectively. The prepatent periods for both animals were similar, independent of age, but the patency was significantly longer in younger hamsters (P<0.001) and a long tendency in younger mice. Hamsters infected at 1-week of age excreted about 10 times higher oocysts than those at 5- and 10-week of age. However, the total oocyst output was similar among mice of different ages. There was a good correlation between the length of the patency and the total oocyst output in hamsters (R=0.9646), but not in mice (R=0.4561). The immunogenicity of the parasite to homologous challenge infections was very strong in hamsters and relatively strong in mice. These results indicate that acquired resistance to C. muris infection is age-related and the innate resistance is independent of age of hamsters, and that both innate and acquired resistance, on the contrary, are irrespective of age of mice.

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Cryptosporidium sciurinum n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Eurasian Red Squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris)
Jitka Prediger, Jana Ježková, Nikola Holubová, Bohumil Sak, Roman Konečný, Michael Rost, John McEvoy, Dušan Rajský, Martin Kváč
Microorganisms.2021; 9(10): 2050. CrossRef
Age-related immune response to experimental infection with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae in goat kids
L. Matos, M.C. Muñoz, J.M. Molina, F. Rodríguez, D. Pérez, A.M. López, C. Hermosilla, A. Taubert, A. Ruiz
Research in Veterinary Science.2018; 118: 155. CrossRef
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Totta Ehret, Francesca Torelli, Christian Klotz, Amy B. Pedersen, Frank Seeber
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Cryptosporidium proliferans n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae): Molecular and Biological Evidence of Cryptic Species within Gastric Cryptosporidium of Mammals
Martin Kváč, Nikola Havrdová, Lenka Hlásková, Tereza Daňková, Jiří Kanděra, Jana Ježková, Jiří Vítovec, Bohumil Sak, Ynes Ortega, Lihua Xiao, David Modrý, Jeba Rose Jennifer Jesudoss Chelladurai, Veronika Prantlová, John McEvoy, Herbert B. Tanowitz
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(1): e0147090. CrossRef
Cryptosporidium rubeyi n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in multiple Spermophilus ground squirrel species
Xunde Li, Maria das Graças Cabral Pereira, Royce Larsen, Chengling Xiao, Ralph Phillips, Karl Striby, Brenda McCowan, Edward R. Atwill
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2015; 4(3): 343. CrossRef
The Lesser Egyptian Gerbil (Gerbillus gerbillus) is a suitable host for the long-term propagation of Cryptosporidium andersoni
Martin Kváč, Zuzana Ondráčková, Dana Květoňová, John McEvoy, Jiří Vítovec, Michael Rost, Bohumil Sak
Experimental Parasitology.2013; 134(4): 438. CrossRef
Age-influenced population kinetics and immunological responses of Leishmania donovani in hamsters
Nasib Singh, Mukesh Samant, Shraddha K. Gupta, Awanish Kumar, Anuradha Dube
Parasitology Research.2007; 101(4): 919. CrossRef
Prevalence of cryptosporidian infection in cats in Turin and analysis of risk factors
Luisa Rambozzi, Arianna Menzano, Alessandro Mannelli, Simona Romano, Maria Cristina Isaia
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery.2007; 9(5): 392. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Verification of immunosuppression in chicks caused by Cryptosporidium baileyi infection using Brucella abortus strain 1119-3: Jae Ku Rhee, Hong Ji Yang, Hyeon Cheol Kim; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):281-284.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.281

Abstract
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Humoral immune response of young chicks to Brucella abortus strain 1119-3 inoculation was monitored to verify the degree of immunosuppression caused by infection with Cryptosporidium baileyi. Young chicks (2-day-old) were orally inoculated each with 2 × 10⁶ oocysts of C. baileyi, and then injected intramuscularly with 0.3 ml B. abortus strain 1119-3 containing 1 × 10⁹ living organisms on day 14 postinoculation (PI). Serum samples were tested by plate agglutination test on day 17 PI onwards at an interval of 3-6 days over a period of 36 days. Infected chicks with the coccidium showed significantly lower antibody titers than those of uninfected controls (P < 0.05). These findings document that C. baileyi infection in early life stage may predispose chicks easily to other potential poultry diseases.

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R Hurtado, NJ Parsons, TA Gous, Sv der Spuy, R Klusener, N Stander, E van Wilpe, RET Vanstreels
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Alex Akira Nakamura, Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária.2015; 24(3): 253. CrossRef
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H. Abbassi, F. Coudert, G. Dambrine, Y. Chérel, M. Naciri
Avian Pathology.2000; 29(6): 623. CrossRef
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Veterinary Parasitology.2000; 87(4): 261. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Periodicity exhibited by Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae identified in dogs of Korea: Jae Ku Rhee, Sam Sung Yang, Hyeon Cheol Kim; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):235-239.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.235

Abstract
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Microfilarial periodicity of Dirofilaria immitis (the dog heartworm) was determined at two hr intervals for 72 consecutive hrs in 10 naturally infected war dogs, 3-9 years old, in Korea to facilitate harvest of the microfilariae for possible use in laboratory works and to elucidate further the periodicity of the microfilaria depending on geographic location. Although the periodicity had been observed as being low-grade nocturnal, maximal microfilarial counts were found at 21:00 hr and minimal at 11:00 hr, giving rise to an evident peak in fluctuation of the larval counts. This is the first record of the periodicity of the microfilariae identified as D. immitis in Korea.

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The seroprevalence of canine dirofilariosis in dogs in the eastern coastal areas of China
Dongjie Cai, Bin Tian, Yongxia Liu, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, David Ranucci, Fabrizia Veronesi, Antonio Varcasia, Wanzhong Jia, Jianzhu Liu
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Alisher Safarov, Firuza Akramova, Djalaliddin Azimov, Andrei D. Mihalca, Angela M. Ionică
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Christopher C. Evans, Jenna L. Bradner, Molly D. Savadelis, C. Thomas Nelson, Andrew R. Moorhead
Veterinary Parasitology.2019; 276: 108975. CrossRef
Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens show circadian co-periodicity in naturally co-infected dogs
Angela Monica Ionică, Ioana Adriana Matei, Gianluca D’Amico, Lucia Victoria Bel, Mirabela Oana Dumitrache, David Modrý, Andrei Daniel Mihalca
Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Seasonality and circadian variation of microfilaremia in dogs experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis
Léonore Lovis, Mélanie Grandjean, Laurence Overney, Wolfgang Seewald, Heinz Sager
Veterinary Parasitology.2017; 243: 235. CrossRef
Dirofilaria immitis exhibits sex- and stage-specific differences in excretory/secretory miRNA and protein profiles
Lucienne Tritten, Damian Clarke, Scott Timmins, Tom McTier, Timothy G. Geary
Veterinary Parasitology.2016; 232: 1. CrossRef
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Lucienne Tritten, Maeghan O’Neill, Chuck Nutting, Samuel Wanji, Abdel Njouendoui, Fanny Fombad, Jonas Kengne-Ouaffo, Charles Mackenzie, Timothy Geary
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology.2014; 198(1): 14. CrossRef
Detection of Circulating Parasite-Derived MicroRNAs in Filarial Infections
Lucienne Tritten, Erica Burkman, Andrew Moorhead, Mohammed Satti, James Geary, Charles Mackenzie, Timothy Geary, Thomas B. Nutman
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2014; 8(7): e2971. CrossRef
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Viorica Mircean, Mirabela Oana Dumitrache, Adriana Györke, Nikola Pantchev, Robert Jodies, Andrei Daniel Mihalca, Vasile Cozma
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Veterinary Parasitology.2011; 183(1-2): 189. CrossRef
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A. Yildirim, A. Ica, O. Atalay, O. Duzlu, A. Inci
Research in Veterinary Science.2007; 82(3): 358. CrossRef
Genetic determinism of parasitic circadian periodicity and subperiodicity in human lymphatic filariasis
Gaston Pichon, Jean-Pierre Treuil
Comptes Rendus. Biologies.2004; 327(12): 1087. CrossRef
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K.H. Song, S.E. Lee, M. Hayasaki, K. Shiramizu, D.H. Kim, K.W. Cho
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Infection kinetics and developmental biology of Cryptosporidium muris (strain MCR) in Korean native kids and Corriedale lambs: Jae Ku Rhee, Hyeon Cheol Kim, Gil Soo Eun; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(3):171-181.
Published online September 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.3.171

Abstract
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A total of nine Korean native kids and two Corriedale lambs, 1-20 days old, were each inoculated per os with a single dose of 2 × 10⁷ oocysts of Cryptosporidium muris (strain MCR) originated from mice to elucidate the kinetics and developmental stages of the coccidium in small ruminants. Irrespective of host's age, the prepatent period for both animals ranged from 19 to 35 days (28.1 days, on the average) and the patent period 16-85 days (47.8 days), and the total oocyst outputs showed enormous differences. Infection with greater numbers of oocyst outputs was not ordinarily established by transmission experiments. Oocysts discharged from the kids retained their infectivity by the mouse titration method. The immunogenicity of the coccidium and oocyst reproduction were proven by challenge infection and administration of prednisolone acetate, respectively. All the developmental stages of the coccidium in parasitophorous vacuoles were found by transmission electron microscopy in the pits of the gastric glands of a kid inoculated with oocysts and then necropsied on day 44 postinoculation. It indicated the full course of the host-parasite relationship in kids and lambs as well as mice.

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Folia Parasitologica.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Cryptosporidium proliferans n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae): Molecular and Biological Evidence of Cryptic Species within Gastric Cryptosporidium of Mammals
Martin Kváč, Nikola Havrdová, Lenka Hlásková, Tereza Daňková, Jiří Kanděra, Jana Ježková, Jiří Vítovec, Bohumil Sak, Ynes Ortega, Lihua Xiao, David Modrý, Jeba Rose Jennifer Jesudoss Chelladurai, Veronika Prantlová, John McEvoy, Herbert B. Tanowitz
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(1): e0147090. CrossRef
Variability in susceptibility of voles (Arvicolinae) to experimental infection with Cryptosporidium muris and Cryptosporidium andersoni
David Modrý, Lada Hofmannová, Zuzana Antalová, Bohumil Sak, Martin Kváč
Parasitology Research.2012; 111(1): 471. CrossRef
Cryptosporidium muris infection in bilbies (Macrotis lagotis)
KS WARREN, RA SWAN, UM MORGAN‐RYAN, JA FRIEND, A ELLIOT
Australian Veterinary Journal.2003; 81(12): 739. CrossRef
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Anna C Majewska, Anna Werner, Pawel Sulima, Tomasz Luty
Veterinary Parasitology.2000; 89(4): 269. CrossRef
Cryptosporidium andersoni n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporiidae) from Cattle, Bos taurus
DAVID S. LINDSAY, STEVE J. UPTON, DOUGLAS S. OWENS, UNA M. MORGAN, JAN R. MEAD, BYRON L. BLAGBURN
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.2000; 47(1): 91. CrossRef
Age-dependent resistance to Cryptosporidium muris (strain MCR) infection in golden hamsters and mice
Jae Ku Rhee, Wang Su So, Hyeon Cheol Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1999; 37(1): 33. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Immunosuppressive effect of Cryptosporidium baileyi infection on vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis in chicks: Jae Ku Rhee, Hong Ji Yang, Sim Yong Yook, Hyeon Cheol Kim; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(3):203-206.
Published online September 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.3.203

Abstract
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Two-day-old commercial chicks were inoculated orally with 2 × 10⁶ oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi and vaccinated with 10^3.5 EID₅₀/head of a commercially available avian infectious bronchitis (IB) live virus vaccine at 4 and 14 days following inoculation. Chicks infected with C. baileyi were shown to have an immunosuppressive effect on IB virus. It is concluded that infection with the protozoon in early life may increase their susceptibility to IB.

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avian infectious bronchitis
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