Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Hyun Park"

Original Articles

Evaluation of the antimalarial activity of SAM13-2HCl with morpholine amide (SKM13 derivative) against antimalarial drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei infected ICR mice: Hyelee Hong, Kwonmo Moon, Thuy-Tien Thi Trinh, Tae-Hui Eom, Hyun Park, Hak Sung Kim, Seon-Ju Yeo; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(1):42-52.
Published online February 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23093

Antimalarial drugs are an urgently need and crucial tool in the campaign against malaria, which can threaten public health. In this study, we examined the cytotoxicity of the 9 antimalarial compounds chemically synthesized using SKM13-2HCl. Except for SKM13-2HCl, the 5 newly synthesized compounds had a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) > 100 µM, indicating that they would be less cytotoxic than SKM13-2HCl. Among the 5 compounds, only SAM13-2HCl outperformed SKM13-2HCl for antimalarial activity, showing a 3- and 1.3-fold greater selective index (SI) (CC₅₀/IC₅₀) than SKM13-2HCl in vitro against both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine -resistant (K1) Plasmodium falciparum strains, respectively. Thus, the presence of morpholine amide may help to effectively suppress human-infectious P. falciparum parasites. However, the antimalarial activity of SAM13-2HCl was inferior to that of the SKM13-2HCl template compound in the P. berghei NK65-infected mouse model, possibly because SAM13-2HCl had a lower polarity and less efficient pharmacokinetics than SKM13-2HCl. SAM13-2HCl was more toxic in the rodent model. Consequently, SAM13-2HCl containing morpholine was selected from screening a combination of pharmacologically significant structures as being the most effective in vitro against human-infectious P. falciparum but was less efficient in vivo in a P. berghei-infected animal model when compared with SKM13-2HCl. Therefore, SAM13-2HCl containing morpholine could be considered a promising compound to treat chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum infections, although further optimization is crucial to maintain antimalarial activity while reducing toxicity in animals.

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The Importance of Murine Models in Determining In Vivo Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy in Antimalarial Drug Discovery
Glory Adebayo, Opeyemi I. Ayanda, Matthias Rottmann, Olusola S. Ajibaye, Gbolahan Oduselu, Julius Mulindwa, Olayinka O. Ajani, Oluwagbemiga Aina, Pascal Mäser, Ezekiel Adebiyi
Pharmaceuticals.2025; 18(3): 424. CrossRef
Structural, electrochemical and theoretical studies of some carboxamides
David Izuchukwu Ugwu, Nandisiwe GS Mateyise, Jeanet Conradie
Journal of Molecular Structure.2025; 1348: 143454. CrossRef

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In Vitro Evaluation of Two Novel Antimalarial Derivatives of SKM13: SKM13-MeO and SKM13-F: Thuy-Tien Thi Trinh, Young-ah Kim, Hyelee Hong, Linh Thi Thuy Le, Hayoung Jang, Soon-Ai Kim, Hyun Park, Hak Sung Kim, Seon-Ju Yeo; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(6):401-407.
Published online December 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.6.401

Antimalarial drugs play an important role in the control and treatment of malaria, a deadly disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium spp. The development of novel antimalarial agents effective against drug-resistant malarial parasites is urgently needed. The novel derivatives, SKM13-MeO and SKM13-F, were designed based on an SKM13 template by replacing the phenyl group with electron-donating (-OMe) or electron-withdrawing groups (-F), respectively, to reverse the electron density. A colorimetric assay was used to quantify cytotoxicity, and in vitro inhibition assays were performed on 3 different blood stages (ring, trophozoite, and schizonts) of P. falciparum 3D7 and the ring/mixed stage of D6 strain after synchronization. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis showed that 2 new SKM13 derivatives reduced the cytotoxicity of the SKM13 template. SKM13 maintained the IC₅₀ at the ring and trophozoite stages but not at the schizont stage. The IC₅₀ values for both the trophozoite stage of P. falciparum 3D7 and ring/mixed stages of D6 demonstrated that 2 SKM13 derivatives had decreased antimalarial efficacy, particularly for the SKM13-F derivative. SKM13 may be comparably effective in ring and trophozoite, and electron-donating groups (-OMe) may be better maintain the antimalarial activity than electron-withdrawing groups (-F) in SKM13 modification.

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Design, Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of Primaquine and Diaminoquinazoline Hybrid Molecules Against the Malaria Parasite
Mukul Kore, Anjani G. Rao, Dimple Acharya, Shrikant S. Kirwale, Amritansh Bhanot, Abhishek Govekar, Ajeet Kumar Mohanty, Aniruddha Roy, Shruthi S. Vembar, Sandeep Sundriyal
Chemistry – An Asian Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of the antimalarial activity of SAM13-2HCl with morpholine amide (SKM13 derivative) against antimalarial drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei infected ICR mice
Hyelee Hong, Kwonmo Moon, Thuy-Tien Thi Trinh, Tae-Hui Eom, Hyun Park, Hak Sung Kim, Seon-Ju Yeo
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 42. CrossRef

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Performance Evaluation of Biozentech Malaria Scanner in Plasmodium knowlesi and P. falciparum as a New Diagnostic Tool: Egy Rahman Firdaus, Ji-Hoon Park, Fauzi Muh, Seong-Kyun Lee, Jin-Hee Han, Chae-Seung Lim, Sung-Hun Na, Won Sun Park, Jeong-Hyun Park, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(2):113-119.
Published online April 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.113

Abstract
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The computer vision diagnostic approach currently generates several malaria diagnostic tools. It enhances the accessible and straightforward diagnostics that necessary for clinics and health centers in malaria-endemic areas. A new computer malaria diagnostics tool called the malaria scanner was used to investigate living malaria parasites with easy sample preparation, fast and user-friendly. The cultured Plasmodium parasites were used to confirm the sensitivity of this technique then compared to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and light microscopic examination. The measured percentage of parasitemia by the malaria scanner revealed higher precision than microscopy and was similar to FACS. The coefficients of variation of this technique were 1.2-6.7% for Plasmodium knowlesi and 0.3-4.8% for P. falciparum. It allowed determining parasitemia levels of 0.1% or higher, with coefficient of variation smaller than 10%. In terms of the precision range of parasitemia, both high and low ranges showed similar precision results. Pearson’s correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation data coming from all methods. A strong correlation of measured parasitemia (r²=0.99, P<0.05) was observed between each method. The parasitemia analysis using this new diagnostic tool needs technical improvement, particularly in the differentiation of malaria species.

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In-depth biological analysis of alteration in Plasmodium knowlesi-infected red blood cells using a noninvasive optical imaging technique
Moh Egy Rahman Firdaus, Fauzi Muh, Ji-Hoon Park, Seong-Kyun Lee, Sung-Hun Na, Won-Sun Park, Kwon-Soo Ha, Jin-Hee Han, Eun-Taek Han
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Antimalarial Activity of C-10 Substituted Triazolyl Artemisinin: Gab-Man Park, Hyun Park, Sangtae Oh, Seokjoon Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(6):661-665.
Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.6.661

Abstract
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We synthesized C-10 substituted triazolyl artemisinins by the Huisgen cycloaddition reaction between dihydroartemisinins (2) and variously substituted 1, 2, 3-triazoles (8a-8h). The antimalarial activities of 32 novel artemisinin derivatives were screened against a chloroquine-resistant parasite. Among them, triazolyl artemisinins with electron-withdrawing groups showed stronger antimalarial activities than those shown by the derivatives having electron-donating groups. In particularly, m-chlorotriazolyl artemisinin (9d-12d) showed antimalarial activity equivalent to that of artemisinin and could be a strong drug candidate.

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Novel frontiers through nitrogen substitution at 6th, 10th and 11th position of artemisinin: Synthetic approaches and antimalarial activity
Priyanka Yadav, Varun Rawat, Shalini Kaushik Love, Ved Prakash Verma
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2025; 281: 117032. CrossRef
Identification of potential bi-triazole based antimalarial compounds and their effects against asexual stages of Plasmodium isolates
Marcinete Latorre Almeida, Leandro do Nascimento Martinez, Welington da Silva Paula do Nascimento, Guilherme Matos Passarini, Daniel Sol Sol de Medeiros, Minelly Azevedo da Silva, Saara Neri Fialho, Amália do Santos Ferreira, Norton Rubens Diunior Lucas P
Caderno Pedagógico.2024; 21(13): e12709. CrossRef
In silico screening, synthesis, and antimalarial evaluation of PABA substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as Pf-DHFR inhibitors
Ashmita Saha, Ayesha Aktar Khanam Choudhury, Nayana Adhikari, Surajit Kumar Ghosh, Anshul Shakya, Saurav Jyoti Patgiri, Udaya Pratap Singh, Hans Raj Bhat
Experimental Parasitology.2023; 250: 108546. CrossRef
Current development of 1,2,3-triazole derived potential antimalarial scaffolds: Structure- activity relationship (SAR) and bioactive compounds
S. Maheen Abdul Rahman, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Suresh Thareja, Vikramdeep Monga
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2023; 259: 115699. CrossRef
Exploration of artemisinin derivatives and synthetic peroxides in antimalarial drug discovery research
Om P.S. Patel, Richard M. Beteck, Lesetja J. Legoabe
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2021; 213: 113193. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Development of Monoclonal Antibodies for Diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax: Nguyen Thi Phuong Linh, Hyun Park, Jinyoung Lee, Dong-Xu Liu, Ga-Eun Seo, Hae-Jin Sohn, Jin-Hee Han, Eun-Taek Han, Ho-Joon Shin, Seon-Ju Yeo; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(6):623-630.
Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.6.623

Abstract
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Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) is a strong target antigen for the determination of infection with Plasmodium species specifically. However, a more effective antibody is needed because of the low sensitivity of the current antibody in many immunological diagnostic assays. In this study, recombinant Plasmodium vivax LDH (PvLDH) was experimentally constructed and expressed as a native antigen to develop an effective P. vivax-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). Two mAbs (2CF5 and 1G10) were tested using ELISA and immunofluorescence assays (IFA), as both demonstrated reactivity against pLDH antigen. Of the 2 antibodies, 2CF5 was not able to detect P. falciparum, suggesting that it might possess P. vivax-specificity. The detection limit for a pair of 2 mAbs-linked sandwich ELISA was 31.3 ng/ml of the recombinant antigen. The P. vivax-specific performance of mAbs-linked ELISA was confirmed by in vitro-cultured P. falciparum and P. vivax-infected patient blood samples. In conclusion, the 2 new antibodies possessed the potential to detect P. vivax and will be useful in immunoassay.

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Diagnostic Methods for Non-Falciparum Malaria
Alba Marina Gimenez, Rodolfo F. Marques, Matías Regiart, Daniel Youssef Bargieri
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia and Band Sensitivity of the SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan Rapid Diagnostic Test in Madagascar
Rajeev K. Mehlotra, Rosalind E. Howes, Estee Y. Cramer, Riley E. Tedrow, Tovonahary A. Rakotomanga, Stéphanie Ramboarina, Arsène C. Ratsimbasoa, Peter A. Zimmerman
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2019; 100(5): 1196. CrossRef

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Characterization of Pv92, a Novel Merozoite Surface Protein of Plasmodium vivax: Seong-Kyun Lee, Bo Wang, Jin-Hee Han, Myat Htut Nyunt, Fauzi Muh, Patchanee Chootong, Kwon-Soo Ha, Won Sun Park, Seok-Ho Hong, Jeong-Hyun Park, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):385-391.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.385

Abstract
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The discovery and understanding of antigenic proteins are essential for development of a vaccine against malaria. In Plasmodium falciparum, Pf92 have been characterized as a merozoite surface protein, and this protein is expressed at the late schizont stage, but no study of Pv92, the orthologue of Pf92 in P. vivax, has been reported. Thus, the protein structure of Pv92 was analyzed, and the gene sequence was aligned with that of other Plasmodium spp. using bioinformatics tools. The recombinant Pv92 protein was expressed and purified using bacterial expression system and used for immunization of mice to gain the polyclonal antibody and for evaluation of antigenicity by protein array. Also, the antibody against Pv92 was used for subcellular analysis by immunofluorescence assay. The Pv92 protein has a signal peptide and a sexual stage s48/45 domain, and the cysteine residues at the N-terminal of Pv92 were completely conserved. The N-terminal of Pv92 was successfully expressed as soluble form using a bacterial expression system. The antibody raised against Pv92 recognized the parasites and completely merged with PvMSP1-19, indicating that Pv92 was localized on the merozoite surface. Evaluation of the human humoral immune response to Pv92 indicated moderate antigenicity, with 65% sensitivity and 95% specificity by protein array. Taken together, the merozoite surface localization and antigenicity of Pv92 implicate that it might be involved in attachment and invasion of a merozoite to a new host cell or immune evasion during invasion process.

Citations

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Merozoite surface protein 1 paralog is involved in the human erythrocyte invasion of a zoonotic malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi
Seong-Kyun Lee, Tuyet Kha Nguyen, Franziska Mohring, Jin-Hee Han, Egy Rahman Firdaus, Sung-Hun Na, Won-Sun Park, Robert W. Moon, Eun-Taek Han
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel platform for peptide-mediated affinity capture and LC-MS/MS identification of host receptors involved in Plasmodium invasion
Jessica Molina-Franky, David Fernando Plaza, Carmen Merali, Salim Merali, Carlos Barrero, Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón, Manuel Elkin Patarroyo, Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
Journal of Proteomics.2021; 231: 104002. CrossRef
Inhibition of parasite invasion by monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor-like domain of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 paralog
Jin-Hee Han, Yang Cheng, Fauzi Muh, Md Atique Ahmed, Jee-Sun Cho, Myat Htut Nyunt, Hye-Yoon Jeon, Kwon-Soo Ha, Sunghun Na, Won Sun Park, Seok-Ho Hong, Ho-Joon Shin, Bruce Russell, Eun-Taek Han
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax in vitro continuous culture: the spoke in the wheel
Maritza Bermúdez, Darwin Andrés Moreno-Pérez, Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón, Hernando Curtidor, Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
Malaria Journal.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Nitrofurantoin on Experimental Toxoplasmosis: Seon-Ju Yeo, ChunMei Jin, SungYeon Kim, Hyun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):155-161.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.155

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii is an important opportunistic pathogen that causes toxoplasmosis, which has very few therapeutic treatment options. The most effective therapy is a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine; however, their utility is limited because of drug toxicity and serious side effects. For these reasons, new drugs with lower toxicity are urgently needed. In this study, the compound, (Z)-1-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methyleneamino]-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (nitrofurantoin), showed anti-T. gondii effects in vitro and in vivo. In HeLa cells, the selectivity of nitrofurantoin was 2.3, which was greater than that of pyrimethamine (0.9). In T. gondii-infected female ICR mice, the inhibition rate of T. gondii growth in the peritoneal cavity was 44.7% compared to the negative control group after 4-day treatment with 100 mg/kg of nitrofurantoin. In addition, hematology indicators showed that T. gondii infection-induced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, biochemical parameters involved in liver injury, were reduced by nitrofurantoin significantly. Moreover, nitrofurantoin exerted significant effects on the index of antioxidant status, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). The nitrofurantoin-treated group inhibited the T. gondii-induced MDA levels while alleviating the decrease in GSH levels. Thus, nitrofurantoin is a potential anti-T. gondii candidate for clinical application.

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Extracts of food and medicinal plants sold in Moroccan markets induce apoptosis-like in Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro
Ismail Elkoraichi, Nathalie Moiré, Samira Rais, Isabelle Dimier-Poisson, Fouad Daoudi, Françoise Debierre-Grockiego
Scientific African.2025; 27: e02529. CrossRef
Efficacy of nitrofurantoin in treatment of murine model of trichinellosis
Basma M. Elmansory, Hager S. Zoghroban, Dina M. El-Guindy, Dina A. El-Guindy
Experimental Parasitology.2025; 277: 109022. CrossRef
The Brazilian Toxoplasma gondii strain BRI caused greater inflammation and impairment in anxiogenic behavior in mice, which was reverted by rosuvastatin treatment
Fernanda Ferreira Evangelista, Priscilla de Laet Sant’Ana, Willian Costa Ferreira, Thaisa Andreia Ferreira, Milena Lopes dos Santos, Amanda Hinobu de Souza, Felipe Aparecido Lacerda de Andrade, Douglas Aparecido da Silva, Luiz Daniel de Barros, Cristiane
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Inclusion of Nitrofurantoin into the Realm of Cancer Chemotherapy via Biology-Oriented Synthesis and Drug Repurposing
Perihan A. Elzahhar, Hisham A. Nematalla, Houssam Al-Koussa, Carla Abrahamian, Amira F. El-Yazbi, Larry Bodgi, Jolie Bou-Gharios, Joyce Azzi, Joelle Al Choboq, Hala F. Labib, Wassim Abou Kheir, Marwa M. Abu-Serie, Mohamed A. Elrewiny, Ahmed F. El-Yazbi, A
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2023; 66(7): 4565. CrossRef
Evaluation of mono and combined nitrofurantoin therapy for toxoplasmosis in vivo using murine model
Asmaa Elkholy, Rita Wassef, Omnia Alsaid, Mona Elawady, Ashraf Barakat, Ashraf Soror, Shereen Kishik
Pathogens and Global Health.2023; 117(7): 664. CrossRef
Old Dogs with New Tricks: Antiparasitic Potential of Structurally Diverse 5-Nitrofuran and 5-Nitrothiophene Imines and Acyl Hydrazones
Ibrahim S. Al Nasr, Waleed S. Koko, Tariq A. Khan, Rainer Schobert, Bernhard Biersack
Scientia Pharmaceutica.2023; 91(3): 44. CrossRef
Anti-Toxoplasma gondii agent isolated from Orostachys malacophylla (Pallas) Fischer
Yan Piao, Lili Jin, Xu Cheng, Weifeng Yan, Changhao Zhang, Sihong Wang, Chunmei Jin
Experimental Parasitology.2022; 242: 108397. CrossRef
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Development of Nitroaromatics as Anti-Infective Drugs
Christina Kannigadu, David. D. N'Da
Current Pharmaceutical Design.2020; 26(36): 4658. CrossRef
Safety and efficacy of the bumped kinase inhibitor BKI-1553 in pregnant sheep experimentally infected with Neospora caninum tachyzoites
Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez, Ignacio Ferre, Michela Re, Patricia Vázquez, Luis Miguel Ferrer, Javier Blanco-Murcia, Javier Regidor-Cerrillo, Manuel Pizarro Díaz, Marta González-Huecas, Enrique Tabanera, Paula García-Lunar, Julio Benavides, Pablo Castaño, Andr
International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance.2018; 8(1): 112. CrossRef
A Systematic Review of In vitro and In vivo Activities of Anti-Toxoplasma Drugs and Compounds (2006–2016)
Mahbobeh Montazeri, Mehdi Sharif, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Saeed Mehrzadi, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Ahmad Daryani
Frontiers in Microbiology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Lectins from Synadenium carinatum (ScLL) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (ArtinM) Are Able to Induce Beneficial Immunomodulatory Effects in a Murine Model for Treatment of Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Eliézer L. P. Ramos, Silas S. Santana, Murilo V. Silva, Fernanda M. Santiago, Tiago W. P. Mineo, José R. Mineo
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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Potential Interaction of Plasmodium falciparum Hsp60 and Calpain: Seon-Ju Yeo, Dong-Xu Liu, Hyun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(6):665-673.
Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.665

Abstract
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After invasion of red blood cells, malaria matures within the cell by degrading hemoglobin avidly. For enormous protein breakdown in trophozoite stage, many efficient and ordered proteolysis networks have been postulated and exploited. In this study, a potential interaction of a 60-kDa Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)-heat shock protein (Hsp60) and Pf-calpain, a cysteine protease, was explored. Pf-infected RBC was isolated and the endogenous Pf-Hsp60 and Pf-calpain were determined by western blot analysis and similar antigenicity of GroEL and Pf-Hsp60 was determined with anti-Pf-Hsp60. Potential interaction of Pf-calpain and Pf-Hsp60 was determined by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assay. Mizoribine, a well-known inhibitor of Hsp60, attenuated both Pf-calpain enzyme activity as well as P. falciparum growth. The presented data suggest that the Pf-Hsp60 may function on Pf-calpain in a part of networks during malaria growth.

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To explore molecular targets and combination antimalarial chemotherapeutics as tissue and erythrocytic schizonticides
Shilpa Mandal, Nehadrita Chattoraj, Sisir Nandi, Asmita Samadder
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Controlling drug resistance by targeting Plasmodium falciparum heat shock protein 70-1, a chaperone at the centre of protein quality control mechanism: a review
Douglas A. M. Ruhwaya, Brilliant Nyathi, Gadzikano Munyuki, Ryman Shoko, Grace Mugumbate
All Life.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a Rapid Fluorescent Diagnostic System to Detect Subtype H9 Influenza A Virus in Chicken Feces
Hien Thi Tuong, Ju Hwan Jeong, Young Ki Choi, Hyun Park, Yun Hee Baek, Seon-Ju Yeo
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(16): 8823. CrossRef
Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the Heat Shock Protein System of Human Obligate Protozoan Parasites
Tawanda Zininga, Addmore Shonhai
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2019; 20(23): 5930. CrossRef
Development of a Rapid Fluorescent Immunochromatographic Test to Detect Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Trinh Thi Thuy Tien, Hyun Park, Hien Thi Tuong, Seung-Taek Yu, Du-Young Choi, Seon-Ju Yeo
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(10): 3013. CrossRef
Rapid detection of avian influenza A virus by immunochromatographic test using a novel fluorescent dye
Seon-Ju Yeo, Bui Thi Cuc, Soon-Ai Kim, Do Thi Hoang Kim, Duong Tuan Bao, Trinh Thi Thuy Tien, Nguyen Thi Viet Anh, Do-Young Choi, Chom-Kyu Chong, Hak Sung Kim, Hyun Park
Biosensors and Bioelectronics.2017; 94: 677. CrossRef
Improvement of a rapid diagnostic application of monoclonal antibodies against avian influenza H7 subtype virus using Europium nanoparticles
Seon-Ju Yeo, Duong Tuan Bao, Ga-Eun Seo, Cuc Thi Bui, Do Thi Hoang Kim, Nguyen Thi Viet Anh, Trinh Thi Thuy Tien, Nguyen Thi Phuong Linh, Hae-Jin Sohn, Chom-Kyu Chong, Ho-Joon Shin, Hyun Park
Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Identification of Immunodominant B-cell Epitope Regions of Reticulocyte Binding Proteins in Plasmodium vivax by Protein Microarray Based Immunoscreening: Jin-Hee Han, Jian Li, Bo Wang, Seong-Kyun Lee, Myat Htut Nyunt, Sunghun Na, Jeong-Hyun Park, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):403-411.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.403

Abstract
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Plasmodium falciparum can invade all stages of red blood cells, while Plasmodium vivax can invade only reticulocytes. Although many P. vivax proteins have been discovered, their functions are largely unknown. Among them, P. vivax reticulocyte binding proteins (PvRBP1 and PvRBP2) recognize and bind to reticulocytes. Both proteins possess a C-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane domain, which drives adhesion to reticulocytes. PvRBP1 and PvRBP2 are large (> 326 kDa), which hinders identification of the functional domains. In this study, the complete genome information of the P. vivax RBP family was thoroughly analyzed using a prediction server with bioinformatics data to predict B-cell epitope domains. Eleven pvrbp family genes that included 2 pseudogenes and 9 full or partial length genes were selected and used to express recombinant proteins in a wheat germ cell-free system. The expressed proteins were used to evaluate the humoral immune response with vivax malaria patients and healthy individual serum samples by protein microarray. The recombinant fragments of 9 PvRBP proteins were successfully expressed; the soluble proteins ranged in molecular weight from 16 to 34 kDa. Evaluation of the humoral immune response to each recombinant PvRBP protein indicated a high antigenicity, with 38-88% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Of them, N-terminal parts of PvRBP2c (PVX_090325-1) and PvRBP2 like partial A (PVX_090330-1) elicited high antigenicity. In addition, the PvRBP2-like homologue B (PVX_116930) fragment was newly identified as high antigenicity and may be exploited as a potential antigenic candidate among the PvRBP family. The functional activity of the PvRBP family on merozoite invasion remains unknown.

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Alternative Invasion Mechanisms and Host Immune Response to Plasmodium vivax Malaria: Trends and Future Directions
Daniel Kepple, Kareen Pestana, Junya Tomida, Abnet Abebe, Lemu Golassa, Eugenia Lo
Microorganisms.2020; 9(1): 15. CrossRef
Epitope-Based Vaccine Designing of Nocardia asteroides Targeting the Virulence Factor Mce-Family Protein by Immunoinformatics Approach
Prasanta Patra, Niladri Mondal, Bidhan Chandra Patra, Manojit Bhattacharya
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics.2020; 26(2): 1165. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins for invasion into reticulocytes
Li‐Jin Chan, Melanie H. Dietrich, Wang Nguitragool, Wai‐Hong Tham
Cellular Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
From a basic to a functional approach for developing a blood stage vaccine against Plasmodium vivax
Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo, Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón, Darwin A. Moreno-Pérez
Expert Review of Vaccines.2020; 19(2): 195. CrossRef
Inferring Plasmodium vivax protein biology by using omics data
D.A. Moreno-Pérez, M.A. Patarroyo
Journal of Proteomics.2020; 218: 103719. CrossRef
Prediction of B cell and T‐helper cell epitopes candidates of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) by in silico approach
Negar Hooshmand, Jamal Fayazi, Saleh Tabatabaei, Nader Ghaleh Golab Behbahan
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2020; 6(4): 730. CrossRef
Serodiagnostic antigens of Clonorchis sinensis identified and evaluated by high-throughput proteogenomics
Pyo Yun Cho, Ji-Yun Lee, Tae Im Kim, Jin-Ho Song, Sung-Jong Hong, Won Gi Yoo, Takafumi Tsuboi, Kwon-Soo Ha, Jae-Wan Jung, Satoru Takeo, Eun-Taek Han, Banchob Sripa, Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Ho-Woo Nam, Jhang Ho Pak, Tong-Soo Kim, Krystyna Cwiklinski
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(12): e0008998. CrossRef
Contribution ofPlasmodiumimmunomics: potential impact for serological testing and surveillance of malaria
Kokouvi Kassegne, Eniola Michael Abe, Yan-Bing Cui, Shen-Bo Chen, Bin Xu, Wang-Ping Deng, Hai-Mo Shen, Yue Wang, Jun-Hu Chen, Xiao-Nong Zhou
Expert Review of Proteomics.2019; 16(2): 117. CrossRef
Identification and Immunological Characterization of the Ligand Domain of Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Protein 1a
Francis B Ntumngia, Richard Thomson-Luque, Sandra Galusic, Gabriel Frato, Sarah Frischmann, David S Peabody, Bryce Chackerian, Marcelo U Ferreira, Christopher L King, John H Adams
The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2018; 218(7): 1110. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax vaccine research – we’ve only just begun
Wai-Hong Tham, James G. Beeson, Julian C. Rayner
International Journal for Parasitology.2017; 47(2-3): 111. CrossRef
What Is Known about the Immune Response Induced by Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine Candidates?
Carolina López, Yoelis Yepes-Pérez, Natalia Hincapié-Escobar, Diana Díaz-Arévalo, Manuel A. Patarroyo
Frontiers in Immunology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of a reticulocyte-specific binding domain of Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte-binding protein 1 that is homologous to the PfRh4 erythrocyte-binding domain
Jin-Hee Han, Seong-Kyun Lee, Bo Wang, Fauzi Muh, Myat Htut Nyunt, Sunghun Na, Kwon-Soo Ha, Seok-Ho Hong, Won Sun Park, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Takafumi Tsuboi, Eun-Taek Han
Scientific Reports.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax GPI-anchored micronemal antigen (PvGAMA) binds human erythrocytes independent of Duffy antigen status
Yang Cheng, Feng Lu, Bo Wang, Jian Li, Jin-Hee Han, Daisuke Ito, Deok-Hoon Kong, Lubin Jiang, Jian Wu, Kwon-Soo Ha, Eizo Takashima, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Jun Cao, Myat Htut Nyunt, Myat Phone Kyaw, Sanjay A. Desai, Louis H. Miller, Takafumi Tsuboi, Eun-Ta
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Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins Are Key Targets of Naturally Acquired Immunity in Young Papua New Guinean Children
Camila T. França, Wen-Qiang He, Jakub Gruszczyk, Nicholas T. Y. Lim, Enmoore Lin, Benson Kiniboro, Peter M. Siba, Wai-Hong Tham, Ivo Mueller, Henk D. F. H. Schallig
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2016; 10(9): e0005014. CrossRef
Gene Models, Expression Repertoire, and Immune Response of Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins
Jenni Hietanen, Anongruk Chim-ong, Thanprakorn Chiramanewong, Jakub Gruszczyk, Wanlapa Roobsoong, Wai-Hong Tham, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Wang Nguitragool, J. H. Adams
Infection and Immunity.2016; 84(3): 677. CrossRef

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Case Report

Four Additional Cases of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Infection Confirmed by Analysis of COX1 Gene in Korea: Sang Hyun Park, Hyeong Kyu Jeon, Jin Bong Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):105-108.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.105

Abstract
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Most of the diphyllobothriid tapeworms isolated from human samples in the Republic of Korea (= Korea) have been identified as Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense by genetic analysis. This paper reports confirmation of D. nihonkaiense infections in 4 additional human samples obtained between 1995 and 2014, which were analyzed at the Department of Parasitology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Korea. Analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) gene revealed a 98.5-99.5% similarity with a reference D. nihonkaiense sequence in GenBank. The present report adds 4 cases of D. nihonkaiense infections to the literature, indicating that the dominant diphyllobothriid tapeworm species in Korea is D. nihonkaiense but not D. latum.

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Dietary footprints of a global parasite: diagnosing Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis in non-endemic regions
Wilson G.W. Goh, Jean-Marc Chavatte, Gabriel Z.R. Yan, Yuan Yi Constance Chen, Mark Dhinesh Muthiah, Lionel H.W. Lum
Gut Pathogens.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Human diphyllobothriosis in Taiwan: A review of cases and molecular evidence of Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis
Chia-Kwung Fan, Daniel Barčák, Tomáš Scholz, Pasaikou Sonko, Martina Orosová, Kua-Eyre Su, Chun-Chao Chang, Yuarn-Jang Lee, Roman Kuchta, Mikuláš Oros
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2023; 33: e00213. CrossRef
Population genetic structure of diphyllobothriid tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) parasitising fish in the Baikal Rift Zone
IA Kutyrev, VA Mordvinov
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms.2022; 148: 113. CrossRef
Molecular Identification of Diphyllobothrium latum from a Pediatric Case in Taiwan
Yu-Chin An, Chia-Cheng Sung, Chih-Chien Wang, Hsin-Chung Lin, Kuang-Yao Chen, Fu-Man Ku, Ruei-Min Chen, Mei-Li Chen, Kuo-Yang Huang
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(4): 425. CrossRef
Four Human Cases of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense (Eucestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in China with a Brief Review of Chinese Cases
Yu-Chun Cai, Shao-Hong Chen, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Jia-Xu Chen, Yan Lu, Yong-Nian Zhang, Hao Li, Lin Ai, Hai-Ning Chen
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 319. CrossRef
Molecular Identification of <i>Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense</i> from 3 Human Cases in Heilongjiang Province with a Brief Literature Review in China
Weizhe Zhang, Fei Che, Song Tian, Jing Shu, Xiaoli Zhang
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(6): 683. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Metagonimus yokogawai: a 100-kDa Somatic Antigen Commonly Reacting with Other Trematodes: Eun-Taek Han, Hyun-Jong Yang, Young-Jin Park, Jeong-Hyun Park, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(2):201-204.
Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.201

Abstract
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This study was undertaken to characterize the properties of a 100 kDa somatic antigen from Metagonimus yokogawai. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against this 100 kDa antigen, and their immunoreactivity was assessed by western blot analysis with patients' sera. The mAbs against the 100 kDa antigen commonly reacted with various kinds of trematode antigens, including intestinal (Gymnophalloides seoi), lung (Paragonimus westermani), and liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis and Fasciola hepatica). However, this mAb showed no cross-reactions with other helminth parasites, including nematodes and cestodes. To determine the topographic distribution of the 100 kDa antigen in worm sections, indirect immunoperoxidase staining was performed. A strong positive reaction was observed in the tegumental and subtegumental layers of adult M. yokogawai and C. sinensis. The results showed that the 100 kDa somatic protein of M. yokogawai is a common antigen which recognizes a target epitope present over the tegumental layer of different trematode species.

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Reliability of heterophyid antigens in heterologous protection against human schistosomiasis
Alaa H. A. Hegazy, Lamia A. Galal, Tasneem M. Hassan, Refaat M. A. Khalifa
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2020; 44(2): 349. CrossRef
Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: An update
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2017; 8-9: 33. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Case of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Infection as Confirmed by Mitochondrial COX1 Gene Sequence Analysis: Sang Hyun Park, Keeseon S. Eom, Min Sun Park, Oh Kyoung Kwon, Hyo Sun Kim, Jai Hoon Yoon; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):471-473.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.471

Abstract
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Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense has been reported in Korea as Diphyllobothrium latum because of their close morphologic resemblance. We have identified a human case of D. nihonkaiense infection using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene sequence analysis. On 18 February 2012, a patient who had consumed raw fish a month earlier visited our outpatient clinic with a long tapeworm parasite excreted in the feces. The body of the segmented worm was 2 m long and divided into the scolex (head) and proglottids. It was morphologically close to D. nihonkaiense and D. latum. The cox1 gene analysis showed 99.4% (340/342 bp) homology with D. nihonkaiense but only 91.8% (314/342 bp) homology with D. latum. The present study suggested that the Diphyllobothrium spp. infection in Korea should be analyzed with specific DNA sequence for an accurate species identification.

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Dietary footprints of a global parasite: diagnosing Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis in non-endemic regions
Wilson G.W. Goh, Jean-Marc Chavatte, Gabriel Z.R. Yan, Yuan Yi Constance Chen, Mark Dhinesh Muthiah, Lionel H.W. Lum
Gut Pathogens.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Repertory of eukaryotes (eukaryome) in the human gastrointestinal tract: taxonomy and detection methods
I. Hamad, D. Raoult, F. Bittar
Parasite Immunology.2016; 38(1): 12. CrossRef
Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense: wide egg size variation in 32 molecularly confirmed adult specimens from Korea
Seoyun Choi, Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Deok-Gyu Kim, Sarah Jiyoun Jeon, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom, Jong-Yil Chai
Parasitology Research.2015; 114(6): 2129. CrossRef
Three Cases of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Infection in Korea
Hong-Ja Kim, Keeseon S. Eom, Min Seo
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(6): 673. CrossRef
Extracorporeal Worm Extraction of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense with Amidotrizoic Acid in a Child
Hye Kyung Shin, Joo-Hyung Roh, Jae-Won Oh, Jae-Sook Ryu, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Dong-Il Chung, Yong Joo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(6): 677. CrossRef
Two Human Cases of Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Infection in Korea
Su-Min Song, Hye-Won Yang, Min Kyu Jung, Jun Heo, Chang Min Cho, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(2): 197. CrossRef
Parasitic Infections Based on 320 Clinical Samples Submitted to Hanyang University, Korea (2004-2011)
Sung-Chul Choi, Soo-Young Lee, Hyun-Ouk Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Myoung-Hee Ahn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(2): 215. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Cercaria caribbea LVIII Cable, 1963 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) in the Republic of Korea and Its Surface Ultrastructure: Eun-Taek Han, Jeong-Hyun Park, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):177-180.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.177

Abstract
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Cercaria caribbea LVIII Cable, 1963 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) was detected from a brackish water gastropod species (Cerithideopsilla cingulata) in a coatal area of Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do (Province), the Republic of Korea, and its surface ultrastructure was studied using a scanning electron microscope. The cercariae were found freely swimming or enveloped within daughter sporocysts when the snail host was mechanically broken. They were morphologically characterized by a linguiform and ventrally concave body, a long and bifurcated tail, and the presence of a holdfast (=tribocytic) organ posterior to the ventral sucker. On the whole ventral and dorsal surfaces, peg-like tegumental spines were densely distributed. Around the oral sucker, several sensory papillae, each with a short cilium, were distributed, and on the tail, sensory papillae, each with an extensively long cilium, were observed. This is the first record describing a cyathocotylid cercaria from a brackish water gastropod in the Republic of Korea.

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A preliminary study on some larval trematodes parasites of marine snail Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin, 1791) in Al- faw Bay, South of Iraq

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB).2020; : 464. CrossRef

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Expression of Exogenous Human Hepatic Nuclear Factor-1α by a Lentiviral Vector and Its Interactions with Plasmodium falciparum Subtilisin-Like Protease 2: Shunyao Liao, Yunqiang Liu, Bing Zheng, Pyo Yun Cho, Hyun Ok Song, Yun-Seok Lee, Suk-Yul Jung, Hyun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):431-436.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.431

Abstract
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The onset, severity, and ultimate outcome of malaria infection are influenced by parasite-expressed virulence factors as well as by individual host responses to these determinants. In both humans and mice, liver injury follows parasite entry, persisting to the erythrocytic stage in the case of infection with the fatal strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)-1α is a master regulator of not only the liver damage and adaptive responses but also diverse metabolic functions. In this study, we analyzed the expression of host HNF-1α in relation to malaria infection and evaluated its interaction with the 5'-untranslated region of subtilisin-like protease 2 (subtilase, Sub2). Recombinant human HNF-1α expressed by a lentiviral vector (LV HNF-1α) was introduced into mice. Interestingly, differences in the activity of the 5'-untranslated region of the Pf-Sub2 promoter were detected in 293T cells, and LV HNF-1α was observed to influence promoter activity, suggesting that host HNF-1α interacts with the Sub2 gene.

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Original Article

Transcriptional Activity of Plasmodium Subtilisin-like Protease 2 (Pf-Sub2) 5'Untranslated Regions and Its Interaction with Hepatocyte Growth Factor: Shunyao Liao, Yunqiang Liu, Suk-Yul Jung, Pyo Yun Cho, Bing Zheng, Hyun Park; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):291-295.
Published online December 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.291

Abstract
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The onset, severity, and ultimate outcome of malaria infection are influenced by parasite-expressed virulence factors and individual host responses to these determinants. In both humans and mice, liver injury is involved after parasite entry, which persists until the erythrocyte stage after infection with the fatal strain Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has strong anti-apoptotic effects in various kinds of cells, and also has diverse metabolic functions. In this work, Pf-subtilisin-like protease 2 (Pf-Sub2) 5'untranslated region (UTR) was analyzed and its transcriptional activity was estimated by luciferase expression. Fourteen TATA boxes were observed but only one Oct-1 and c-Myb were done. In addition, host HGF interaction with Pf-Sub2 was evaluated by co-transfection of HGF- and Pf-Sub2-cloned vector. Interestingly, -1,422/+12 UTR exhibited the strongest luciferase activity but -329 to +12 UTR did not exhibit luciferase activity. Moreover, as compared with the control of unexpressed HGF, the HGF protein suppressed luciferase expression driven by the 5'untranslated region of the Pf-Sub2 promoter. Taken together, it is suggested that HGF controls and interacts with the promoter region of the Pf-Sub2 gene.

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Characterization of the transcriptome and temperature-induced differential gene expression in QPX, the thraustochytrid parasite of hard clams
Ewelina Rubin, Arnaud Tanguy, Mickael Perrigault, Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa, Bassem Allam
BMC Genomics.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

8,941 View
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Case Report

A Locally Acquired Falciparum Malaria via Nosocomial Transmission in Korea: Jung-Yeon Kim, Jeong-Su Kim, Mi-Hyun Park, Young-A Kang, Jun-Wook Kwon, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Byeong-Chul Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Jong-Koo Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):269-273.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.269

Abstract
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A 57-year old man who was admitted to an emergency room of a tertiary hospital with hemoptysis developed malarial fever 19 days later and then died from severe falciparum malaria 2 days later. He had not traveled outside of Korea for over 30 years. Through intensive interviews and epidemiological surveys, we found that a foreign patient with a recent history of travel to Africa was transferred to the same hospital with severe falciparum malaria. We confirmed through molecular genotyping of the MSP-1 gene that Plasmodium falciparum genotypes of the 2 patients were identical. It is suggested that a breach of standard infection control precautions resulted in this P. falciparum transmission between 2 patients in a hospital environment. This is the first report of a nosocomial transmission of falciparum malaria in Korea.

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Healthcare-associated malaria: a systematic review, 1997 to 2023
Céline M Gossner, Luisa K Hallmaier-Wacker, Harold Noel, Beatriz Fernández Martínez, Danai Pervanidou, Maria Tseroni, Julia Enkelmann, Daniela Boccolini, Diamantis Plachouras
Eurosurveillance.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
History and Current Status of Malaria in Korea
Jong-Yil Chai
Infection & Chemotherapy.2020; 52(3): 441. CrossRef
On Taking a Different Route: An Unlikely Case of Malaria by Nosocomial Transmission
Henning Gruell, Laura Hamacher, Veronika Jennissen, Armin Tuchscherer, Norbert Ostendorf, Thorsten Löffler, Michael Hallek, Matthias Kochanek, Egbert Tannich, Boris Böll, Gerd Fätkenheuer
Clinical Infectious Diseases.2017; 65(8): 1404. CrossRef
The use of multidose vials and fingerstick blood sampling devices in Korean emergency departments and intensive care units
Yee Gyung Kwak, Sang‐Oh Lee, Tae Hyong Kim, Eun Ju Choo, Min‐Hyok Jeon, Jae‐Bum Jun, Kyung‐Mi Kim, Jae Sim Jeong, Yang Soo Kim
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2012; 18(1): 77. CrossRef
International Travel and Imported Parasitic Diseases
Kyoung-Hwan Joo
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 156. CrossRef

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Original Article

Biological and biochemical modulation of Trichomonas vaginalis KT9 isolate after shifting of culture medium from TPS-1 into TYM: Jae-Sook Ryu, Ryung Choi, So-Young Park, Hyun Park, Duk-Young Min; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):255-260.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.255

Abstract
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To evaluate the biological and biochemical characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis KT9 isolate, the growth and size of trichomonads, pathogenicity in mouse, protein profiles and proteinase activity were examined after shifting the medium from TPS-1 into TYM. Generation time of trichomonads in TYM medium was 4.5 hr in comparison to TPS-1 with 7.1 hr. Size of trichomonads cultured in TPS-1 medium (8.5 ± 0.9 × 6.0 ± 0.9 ?m) was significantly smaller than those in TYM medium (10.9 ± 1.4 × 8.2 ± 0.9 ?m). Trichomonads cultured in TYM medium produced subcutaneous abscess in 9 out of 10 mice, whereas those in TPS-1 medium produced abscesses in 2 out of 10 mice. In SDS-PAGE, trichomonad lysates from both media showed ten common bands. However, trichomonads in TYM medium showed additional bands of 136 kDa, 116 kDa and 40 kDa in comparison to those in TPS-1 with 100 kDa. By immunoblot with T. vaginalis-immunized rabbit sera, T. vaginalis cultivated in both TYM and TPS-1 media showed 5 common bands, and unique bands of 116 kDa, 105 kDa, and 86 kDa were observed in trichomonads in TYM while a 140 kDa band in those in TPS-1. In gelatin SDS-PAGE, trichomonads in TYM degraded gelatin stronger than those in TPS-1. Also protease activity of trichomonads in TYM was significantly higher than that of trichomonads in TPS-1 using Bz-Pro-Phe-Arg-Nan as a substrate. According to the results, it is assumed that the shift from TPS-1 into TYM medium for cultivation of T. vaginalis might modulate the biological and biochemical properties of T. vaginalis in vitro.

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Inhibitory effect of bee venom on the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis
Ji-Hae Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu, Mi-Young Lee
Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences.2014; 6(1): 48. CrossRef
The Dimension of Trichomonas vaginalis as Measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Sang-Hoon Cheon, Seung Ryong Kim, Hyun-Ouk Song, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(2): 243. CrossRef
Growth kinetics, antigen profiling, and proteinase activity of Egyptian Trichomonas tenax isolates derived from patients having oral infections
Mahmoud M. El Sibaei, Nashwa S. Abdel-Fattah, Sabah A. Ahmed, Hanan M. Abou-Seri
Experimental Parasitology.2012; 130(4): 416. CrossRef
Phenotypic ‘variant’ forms of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites from cervical neoplasia patients
Afzan M. Yusof, Suresh Kumar
Experimental Parasitology.2012; 131(3): 267. CrossRef