Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Mali"

Brief Communications

Genetic polymorphism of merozoite surface protein 1 and antifolate-resistant genes in Plasmodium falciparum from Mali and Niger: Mahaman Moustapha Lamine, Rabia Maman, Abdoul Aziz Maiga, Ibrahim Maman Laminou; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(4):455-462.
Published online November 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23049

Abstract
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Since 2015, countries in the Sahel region have implemented large-scale seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). However, the mass use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus amodiaquine impacts the genetic diversity of malaria parasites and their sensitivity to antimalarials. This study aimed to describe and compare the genetic diversity and SP resistance of Plasmodium falciparum strains in Mali and Niger. We collected 400 blood samples in Mali and Niger from children aged 3–59 months suspected of malaria. Of them, 201 tested positive (Niger, 111, 55.2%; Mali, 90, 44.8%). Polymorphism of merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) genetic marker showed 201 allotypes. The frequency of the RO33 allotype was significantly higher in Niger (63.6%) than in Mali (39.3%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of the K1 and MAD20 allotypes between the 2 countries. The multiplicity of infection was 2 allotypes per patient in Mali and one allotype per patient in Niger. The prevalence of strains with the triple mutants Pfdhfr51I/Pfdhfr59R/Pfdhps436A/F/H and Pfdhfr51I/Pfdhfr59R/Pfdhps437G was 18.1% and 30.2%, respectively, and 7.7% carried the quadruple mutant Pfdhfr51I/Pfdhfr59R/Pfdhps436A/F/H/Pfdhps437G. Despite the significant genetic diversity of parasite populations, the level of SP resistance was comparable between Mali and Niger. The frequency of mutations conferring resistance to SP still allows its effective use in intermittent preventive treatment in pregnant women and in SMC.

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Preventive interventions and diagnostic testing compliance in the management of tropical infections among patients with sickle cell disease in Tanzania
Felician Paschal Mgasa, Singeun Oh, Avelina Mgasa, Sunjoo Kang, Erasto Mbugi, Ju Yeong Kim
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(2): 147. CrossRef
Micro-geographic variation in antigenic diversity of PfEBA-175 region II in asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in Tanzania
Jadidan Hada Syahada, Wang-Jong Lee, Hojong Jun, Johnsy Mary Louis, Fadhila Fitriana, Fauzi Muh, Feng Lu, Md Atique Ahmed, Sunghun Na, Wanjoo Chun, Won Sun Park, Bo-Young Jeon, Eun-Teak Han, Jim Todd, Alphaxard Manjurano, Winifrida Kidima, Ernest Mazigo,
Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Monitoring antimalarial drug-resistance markers in Somalia: Abdifatah Abdullahi Jalei, Kesara Na-Bangchang, Phunuch Muhamad, Wanna Chaijaroenkul; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(1):78-83.
Published online February 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22140

Abstract
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The use of an effective antimalarial drug is the cornerstone of malaria control. However, the development and spread of resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains have placed the global eradication of malaria in serious jeopardy. Molecular marker analysis constitutes the hallmark of the monitoring of Plasmodium drug-resistance. This study included 96 P. falciparum PCR-positive samples from southern Somalia. The P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene had high frequencies of K76T, A220S, Q271E, N326S, and R371I point mutations. The N86Y and Y184F mutant alleles of the P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 gene were present in 84.7 and 62.4% of the isolates, respectively. No mutation was found in the P. falciparum Kelch-13 gene. This study revealed that chloroquine resistance markers are present at high frequencies, while the parasite remains sensitive to artemisinin (ART). The continuous monitoring of ART-resistant markers and in vitro susceptibility testing are strongly recommended to track resistant strains in real time.

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Preventive interventions and diagnostic testing compliance in the management of tropical infections among patients with sickle cell disease in Tanzania
Felician Paschal Mgasa, Singeun Oh, Avelina Mgasa, Sunjoo Kang, Erasto Mbugi, Ju Yeong Kim
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(2): 147. CrossRef
Influence of genetic factors of humans, mosquitoes and parasites, on the evolution of Plasmodium falciparum infections, malaria transmission and genetic control methods: a review of the literature
Seni Nikiema, Issiaka Soulama, Gifty Dufie Ampofo, Moustapha Nikiema, Abdou Azaque Zouré, Salif Sombié, Salam Sawadogo, Nicolas Ouedraogo, Samuel Sindie Sermé, Haffsatou Sawadogo, Raïssa Ily, Guillène Y. N. Tibiri, Djamila O. A. Zouré, Nassandba Julien Ya
BMC Medical Genomics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Investigating the relationship between Pfkelch13 mutations and response to artemisinin-based treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
Stephanie van Wyk, Prabin Dahal, Chistevy Vouvoungui, Dhol S Ayuen, Farhad Shokraneh, Aboubakar Soma, James A Watson, Philippe Guerin, Karen I Barnes
BMJ Open.2025; 15(7): e100251. CrossRef
Understanding the global rise of artemisinin resistance: Insights from over 100,000 Plasmodium falciparum samples
Andrew J Balmer, Nina FD White, Eyyüb S Ünlü, Chiyun Lee, Richard D Pearson, Jacob Almagro-Garcia, Cristina Ariani
eLife.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Emergence of Plasmodium falciparum strains with artemisinin partial resistance in East Africa and the Horn of Africa: is there a need to panic?
Ashenafi Assefa, Abebe A. Fola, Geremew Tasew
Malaria Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria treatment in Metehara, Central-east Ethiopia
Mahelet Tesfaye, Ashenafi Assefa, Henok Hailgiorgis, Bokretsion Gidey, Hussein Mohammed, Getachew Tollera, Geremew Tasew, Gudissa Assefa, Worku Bekele, Hassen Mamo
Malaria Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Update on antimicrobial resistance in Somalia: Current status, challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives
Shafie Abdulkadir Hassan, Ahmed Mohamed Dirie, Nur Rashid Ahmed, Abdifetah Ibrahim Omar
Heliyon.2024; 10(20): e39434. CrossRef
Emerging threat of artemisinin partial resistance markers (pfk13 mutations) in Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in multiple geographical locations in high transmission regions of Uganda
Bosco B. Agaba, Jye Travis, David Smith, Simon P. Rugera, Maria G. Zalwango, Jimmy Opigo, Charles Katureebe, Ruth Mpirirwe, Dembo Bakary, Martin Antonio, Beshir Khalid, Joseph Ngonzi, Moses R. Kamya, Pontiano Kaleebu, Peter Piot, Qin Cheng
Malaria Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Geospatial Analysis of Malaria Burden in Kagera Region, Northwestern Tanzania Using Health Facility and Community Survey Data
Daniel A Petro, Nyimvua Shaban, Sijenunu Aaron, Frank Chacky, Samuel Lazaro, Maciej F Boni, Deus S Ishengoma
Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Helicobacter pylori GroEL Seropositivity Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Opisthorchis viverrini-Associated Hepatobiliary Abnormalities and Cholangiocarcinoma: Isabelle Jala, Muhammad Luthfi Almanfaluthi, Thewarach Laha, Sakawrat Kanthawong, Sirikachorn Tangkawattana, Prasert Saichua, Sutas Suttiprapa, Banchob Sripa; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(4):363-368.
Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.363

Despite the synergistic effect of Opisthorchis viverrini and Helicobacter pylori co-infection on pathogenesis of severe hepatobiliary abnormalities (HBA) including advanced periductal fibrosis and replace with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have been established, the immune response to H. pylori in O. viverrini infected population has never been explored. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the antibody responses to 2 immunogenic H. pylori proteins in O. viverrini-infected patients with HBA and CCA. The risk analysis by multinomial logistic regression revealed that GroEL seropositivity was associated with higher risks of hepatobiliary abnormalities and CCA with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.11 (95% CI=1.20-3.71, P=0.008) and 2.13 (95% CI=1.21-3.75, P=0.009), respectively. These findings indicate that GroEL seropositivity might be a biomarker for early detection of O. viverrini associated HBA and CCA.

Citations

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Helicobacter Species and Hepato-Biliary Tract Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Beatriz Gros, Alberto Gómez Pérez, María Pleguezuelo, Francisco Javier Serrano Ruiz, Manuel de la Mata, Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez
Cancers.2023; 15(3): 595. CrossRef
New challenges in cholangiocarcinoma candidates for elective surgery: harnessing the microbiome dysbiosis
Oriana Lo Re, Victor López-López, Andrés Balaguer-Román, María Antonia Martínez-Sánchez, Dilmurodjon Eshmuminov, Camilo Julio Llamoza-Torres, Kohei Miura, Alberto Baroja-Mazo, Pablo Ramírez, Ricardo Robles-Campos, Bruno Ramos-Molina
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Opisthorchis viverrini—Current Understanding of the Neglected Hepatobiliary Parasite
Matthias Yi Quan Liau, En Qi Toh, Vishalkumar Girishchandra Shelat
Pathogens.2023; 12(6): 795. CrossRef
The possible role of Helicobacter pylori in liver diseases
Mahnaz Mohammadi, Adeleh Attar, Maryam Mohammadbeigi, Amir Peymani, Shahin Bolori, Fatemeh Fardsanei
Archives of Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Intestinal helminth infections and associated risk factors among adults in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Sengaloun Phonekeo, Sengchanh Kounnavong, Manithong Vonglokham, Latsamy Siengsounthone, Anousin Homsana, Sascha Gummin, Penelope Vounatsu, Prawat Nittiyanant, Suchin Worawichawong, Wichai Aekplakorn, Peter Odermatt, Somphou Sayasone
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Regulation in the Expression of Virulence Factors of Helicobacter pylori by the Interaction between AGS Cells and H. pylori
Yu-Ri Kim, Wongwarut Boonyanugomol, Won-jun An, Trinh Minh Phuong, Jin-Sik Park, Min-Kyoung Shin, Seung-Chul Baik, Woo-Kon Lee, Myung-Je Cho, Hyung-Lyun Kang, Myunghwan Jung
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2022; 52(4): 160. CrossRef

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Case Report

Comorbid Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Gastric and Duodenal Strongyloides stercoralis Infection: A Case Report: An Na Seo, Youn-Kyoung Goo, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong, Ohkyoung Kwon, Han-Ik Bae; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):95-99.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.95

Abstract
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Strongyloides stercoralis can cause systemic infection, termed strongyloidiasis, and gastrointestinal ulcer disease in immunocompromised patients. However, to our knowledge, there are no reported cases of comorbid gastric adenocarcinoma and S. stercoralis infection. Here, we report a case of an 81-year-old Korean man who presented with S. stercoralis infection coexisting with early gastric adenocarcinoma (T1aN0M0). S. stercoralis eggs, rhabditiform larvae, and adult females were observed in normal gastric and duodenal crypts. They were also observed in atypical glands representative of adenocarcinoma and adenoma. Preliminary laboratory tests revealed mild neutrophilic and eosinophilic leukocytosis. A routine stool test failed to detect rhabditiform larvae in the patient’s fecal sample; however, S. stercoralis was identified by PCR amplification and 18S rRNA sequencing using genomic DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Postoperatively, the patient had a persistent fever and was treated with albendazole for 7 days, which alleviated the fever. The patient was followed-up by monitoring and laboratory testing for 4 months postoperatively, and no abnormalities were observed thus far. The fact that S. stercoralis infection may be fatal in immunocompromised patients should be kept in mind when assessing high-risk patients.

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Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mariam T. El Khadrawe, Nahla El Skhawy, Maha M. Eissa
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NEOPLASIA AND PROLIFERATIVE LESIONS IN FREE-RANGING MOUNTAIN AND GRAUER'S GORILLAS (GORILLA BERINGEI)
Maya L. Iyer, Kirsten V. Gilardi, Michael R. Cranfield, Sarah M. Corner, Eddy Kambale Syaluha, Jean Bosco Noheri, Benard Ssebide, Jean Felix Kinani, Fred Nizeyimana, Ricky Okwir Okello, Julius Nziza, Martin Kabuyaya, Methode Bahizi, Richard Muvunyi, Elisa
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STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS: A RARE CASE DIAGNOSED WITH ESOPHAGEAL SWAB SAMPLE
Arzu Hazal AYDIN, Buse BAYAZIT GÖZÜKÜÇÜK, Nesrin TURHAN
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2023; 25(1): 166. CrossRef
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Irene Pecorella, Tom Richard Okello, Gaia Ciardi, David Martin Ogwang
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Brief Communications

High Genetic Variability of Schistosoma haematobium in Mali and Nigeria: Charles Ezeh, Mingbo Yin, Hongyan Li, Ting Zhang, Bin Xu, Moussa Sacko, Zheng Feng, Wei Hu; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):129-134.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.129

Abstract
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Schistosoma haematobium is one of the most prevalent parasitic flatworms, infecting over 112 million people in Africa. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of natural S. haematobium populations from the human host because of the inaccessible location of adult worms in the host. We used 4 microsatellite loci to genotype individually pooled S. haematobium eggs directly from each patient sampled at 4 endemic locations in Africa. We found that the average allele number of individuals from Mali was significantly higher than that from Nigeria. In addition, no significant difference in allelic composition was detected among the populations within Nigeria; however, the allelic composition was significantly different between Mali and Nigeria populations. This study demonstrated a high level of genetic variability of S. haematobium in the populations from Mali and Nigeria, the 2 major African endemic countries, suggesting that geographical population differentiation may occur in the regions.

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Yvonne Aryeetey Ashong, Emmanuel Odartei Armah, Jewelna Akorli, Frank Twum Aboagye, Isaac Owusu-Frimpong, Linda Batsa Debrah, Rhoda Lims Diyie, Samuel Armoo, Alexander Yaw Debrah, Mike Yaw Osei-Atweneboana, Clinton J. Jones, Marcello Otake Sato
Microbiology Spectrum.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Geographical Influence on Morphometric Variability of Genetically “Pure” Schistosoma haematobium Eggs from Sub-Saharan Migrants in Spain
Marta Reguera-Gómez, Maria Adela Valero, Patricio Artigas, Alejandra De Elías-Escribano, Maria Cecilia Fantozzi, Maria Pilar Luzón-García, Joaquín Salas-Coronas, Jérôme Boissier, Santiago Mas-Coma, Maria Dolores Bargues
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(3): 144. CrossRef
Genetic Diversity of Schistosoma haematobium in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Rabecca Tembo, Panji Nkhoma, Mildred Zulu, Florence Mwaba, John Yabe, Hikabasa Halwiindi, Moses Kamwela, King S Nalubamba, Chummy S Sikasunge, Andrew M Phri
University of Zambia Journal of Agricultural and Biomedical Sciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Madeleine J. Rogers, Donald P. McManus, Stephen Muhi, Catherine A. Gordon
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection of Schistosoma DNA in genital specimens and urine: A comparison between five female African study populations originating from S. haematobium and/or S. mansoni endemic areas
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(3): 271. CrossRef

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Modified Formalin-Ether Concentration Technique for Diagnosis of Human Strongyloidiasis: Witthaya Anamnart, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):743-745.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.743

Abstract
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We compared the efficacy and applicability of a modified formalin-ether concentration technique (M-FECT) to the conventional FECT (C-FECT) and the agar plate culture (APC) method for the detection of Strongyloides stercoralis larvae. For this purpose, we used 600 human fecal specimens collected in an endemic area of southern Thailand. In the M-FECT, we used 2 layers of wire meshes, instead of gauze, to avoid the loss by absorption/adhesion of larvae to the gauze during filtration, and we reduced the exposure time of S. stercoralis larvae in stool samples to formalin. By such simple modifications, the efficacy of M-FECT has become comparable to APC and was much better than that of C-FECT for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis.

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Morphologic and Genetic Evidence for Mixed Infection with Two Myxobolus Species (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) in Gray Mullets, Mugil cephalus, from Korean Waters: Wi-Sik Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Myung-Joo Oh; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(3):369-373.
Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.369

Abstract
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The present study was performed to trace the decisive evidence for mixed infection of 2 Myxobolus species, M. episquamalis and Myxobolus sp., in the gray mullet, Mugil cephalus, from Korean waters. Mullets with whitish cyst-like plasmodia on their scales were collected near a sewage plant in Yeosu, southern part of Korea, in 2009. The cysts were mainly located on scales and also found in the intestine. The spores from scales were oval in a frontal view, tapering anteriorly to a blunt apex, and measured 7.2 ?m (5.8-8.0) in length and 5.3 ?m (4.7-6.1) in width. Two polar capsules were pyriform and extended over the anterior half of the spore, measuring 3.5 ?m (2.3-4.8) in length and 2.0 ?m (1.5-2.2) in width. In contrast, the spores from the intestine were ellipsoidal, 10.4 ?m (9.0-11.9) in length and 8.4 ?m (7.3-10.1) in width. The polar capsules were pyriform but did not extend over the anterior half of the spore, 3.7 ?m (2.5-4.5) in length and 2.2 ?m (1.8-2.9) in width. The nucleotide sequences of the 18S rDNA gene of the 2 myxosporean spores from scales and intestine showed 88.1% identity to each other and 100% identity with M. episquamalis and 94.5% identity with M. spinacurvatura from mullet, respectively. By the above findings, it is first confirmed that mullets from the Korean water are infected with 2 myxosporean species, M. episquamalis and Myxobolus sp.

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Alaa Eldin Eissa, Said K. Abolghait, Nehal A. Younis, Amina A. Dessouki, Maather M. El-Lamie, Abdelsalam A. Abu Mhara, Mohamed Abdelsalam
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Hydrogenosomal activity of Trichomonas vaginalis cultivated under different iron conditions: Yong-Seok Kim, Hyun-Ouk Song, Ik-Hwa Choi, Soon-Jung Park, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(4):373-378.
Published online December 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.373

Abstract
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To evaluate whether iron concentration in TYM medium influence on hydrogenosomal enzyme gene expression and hydrogenosomal membrane potential of Trichomonas vaginalis, trophozoites were cultivated in iron-depleted, normal and iron-supplemented TYM media. The mRNA of hydrogenosomal enzymes, such as pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), hydrogenase, ferredoxin and malic enzyme, was increased with iron concentrations in T. vaginalis culture media, measured by RT-PCR. Hydrogenosomal membrane potentials measured with DiOC₆ also showed similar tendency, e.g. T. vaginalis cultivated in iron-depleted and iron-supplemented media for 3 days showed a significantly reduced and enhanced hydrogenosomal membrane potential compared with that of normal TYM media, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that iron may regulate hydrogenosomal activity through hydrogenosomal enzyme expression and hydrogenosomal membrane potential.

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Nitric oxide maintains cell survival of Trichomonas vaginalis upon iron depletion
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Odelta dos Santos, Graziela de Vargas Rigo, Amanda Piccoli Frasson, Alexandre José Macedo, Tiana Tasca, Robert W Dettman
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A small-scale survey on the status of intestinal parasite infections in rural villages in Nepal: Tai-Soon Yong, Seobo Sim, Jongweon Lee, Heechoul Ohrr, Myung-Ho Kim, Hyunsoo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(4):275-277.
Published online December 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.4.275

Abstract
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The status of intestinal parasite infections was investigated in two rural villages (Chitrasar, Jerona) in Chitwan District, Nepal in 1999. Stool examination was performed with a total of 300 specimens from schoolchildren by formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The prevalence rate of intestinal parasite infections in the surveyed areas was 44.0%. The prevalence rate in Jerona was slightly higher than that in Chitrasar. The prevalence rate of intestinal parasite infections in female was slighly higher than that in male without statistically significant difference. Entamoeba coli was the most commonly found protozoan parasite (21.0%) followed by Giardia lamblia (13.7%) and others (5.3%). Hookworm was the most prevalent intestinal helminth (13.0%) followed by Trichuris trichiura (3.0%) and others (5.0%). Forty-three specimens (14.3%) showed mixed infections. It is necessary to implement large-scale treatment with anthelminthics, health education and sanitary improvement for intestinal parasite control in the surveyed areas.

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