Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Mehdi Mohebali"

Original Articles

Serologic Tests of IgG and IgM Antibodies and IgG Avidity for Diagnosis of Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Bahman Rahimi-Esboei, Mohammad Zarei, Mehdi Mohebali, Hossein Keshavarz Valian, Saeedeh Shojaee, Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh, Mirataollah Salabati; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):147-152.
Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.147

Abstract
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This prospective study was aimed to detect acute and chronic ocular toxoplasmosis by comparison of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibody levels and IgG avidity test. One hundred and seventeen patients with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) who referred to the Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran were included in this study. Of the patients, 77 cases were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG, and 8 cases were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM. IgG avidity test revealed 11, 4, and 102 cases were low, intermediate, and high, respectively, and 6.8% and 9.4% of cases were positive for IgM and IgG avidity tests, respectively (P=0.632). Agreement (Kappa value) between paired tests IgG-IgM, IgG-IgG avidity, and IgM-IgG avidity was 0.080, 0.099, and 0.721, respectively (P<0.05). This study showed that conventional serologic tests (IgM and IgG levels) and IgG avidity correlate well each other and can be used to differentiate recent infections from old OT. It seems that reactivated old infections rather than recently acquired infections are majority of Iranian OT patients.

Citations

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Serum Concentrations of Th1, Th2 and Treg‐Associated Cytokines in Patients With Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Ovi Sofia, Rahajeng Anugrahing Saldianovitta, I. Nyoman Surya Ari Wahyudi, Loeki Enggar Fitri, Hani Susianti, Seskoati Prayitnaningsih, Hidayat Sujuti
Parasite Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of novel biomarkers for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM detection and the potential application in rapid diagnostic fluorescent tests
Minh-Ngoc Nguyen, Seon-Ju Yeo, Hyun Park
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Role of IgG avidity in eyes with active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis
Pratik Lakhmawar, Anup Kelgaonkar, Anamika Patel, Ashish Khalsa, Soumyava Basu
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.2024; 72(Suppl 4): S601. CrossRef
Efficacy of amniotic fluid, blood and urine samples for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women candidates for amniocentesis using serological and molecular techniques
Rohallah Abedian, Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Shirafkan Kordi, Hadi Shokrollahnia Roshan, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Zahra Rahmani, Mahbobeh Montazeri, Mahdi Fakhar
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical and Serological Characteristics of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Nadine Nsiangani Lusambo, Dieudonné Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi, Janvier Kilangalanga Ngoy, Marie-Thérèse Ngoyi Bambi, Théodore Kadima Mutombo, Guy Kintoki Makela, Lady Ngandowe Nzamokili, Alejandra de-la-Torre
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation.2023; 31(7): 1522. CrossRef
The infectious status of patients with optic neuritis of inflammatory and demyelinating etiologies
V. V. Neroev, E. K. Eliseeva, G. I. Krichevskaya, G. A. Davydova, M. N. Zakharova
Russian Ophthalmological Journal.2023; 16(3): 54. CrossRef
Ocular toxoplasmosis, an overview focusing on clinical aspects
Silvia Fabiani, Claudio Caroselli, Martina Menchini, Giovanna Gabbriellini, Marco Falcone, Fabrizio Bruschi
Acta Tropica.2022; 225: 106180. CrossRef
Diagnostic Dilemma and Therapeutic Challenges in Managing an Atypical Presentation of an Ocular Toxoplasmosis Patient With Myasthenia Gravis: Literature Review
Zen Kuang Tham, Pooi Wah Lott, Chye Li Ee, Norlina Ramli, Tajunisah Iqbal
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Utility of blood as the clinical specimen for the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis using uracil DNA glycosylase-supplemented loop-mediated isothermal amplification and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays based on REP-529 sequence and B1 gene
Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Shirzad Fallahi, Mohammad Zarei, Bahram Kazemi, Mehdi Mohebali, Saeedeh Shojaee, Parisa Mousavi, Aref Teimouri, Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh, Mirataollah Salabati, Hossein Keshavarz Valian
BMC Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Ocular toxoplasmosis: phenotype differences between toxoplasma IgM positive and IgM negative patients in a large cohort
Sofia Ajamil-Rodanes, Joshua Luis, Rabia Bourkiza, Benedict Girling, Angela Rees, Catherine Cosgrove, Carlos Pavesio, Mark Westcott
British Journal of Ophthalmology.2021; 105(2): 210. CrossRef
Study of toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in patients suffering from ophthalmic disorders using serological and molecular methods
Jasem Saki, Elham Eskandari, Mostafa Feghhi
International Ophthalmology.2020; 40(9): 2151. CrossRef
Duffy blood group system and ocular toxoplasmosis
Ana Iara Costa Ferreira, Cinara Cássia Brandão de Mattos, Fábio Batista Frederico, Cássia Rúbia Bernardo, Gildásio Castelo de Almeida Junior, Rubens Camargo Siqueira, Cristina Silva Meira-Strejevitch, Vera Lucia Pereira-Chioccola, Luiz Carlos de Mattos
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 85: 104430. CrossRef
Genotyping and phylogenic study of Acanthamoeba isolates from human keratitis and swimming pool water samples in Iran
Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Mahdi Fakhar, Reza Saberi, Mohammad Barati, Masoumeh Moslemi, Hadi Hassannia, Yousef Dadimoghadam, Nahid Jalallou
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2020; 11: e00164. CrossRef
Diagnostic significance of C-reactive protein and hematological parameters in acute toxoplasmosis
Vanessa Sandri, Itamar Luís Gonçalves, Gustavo Machado das Neves, Marisa Lucia Romani Paraboni
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2020; 44(4): 785. CrossRef
Evaluation of RE and B1 Genes as Targets for Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by Nested PCR in Blood Samples of Patients with Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Bahram Kazemi, Mohammad Zarei, Mehdi Mohebali, Hossein Keshavarz Valian, Saeedeh Shojaee, Fatemeh Zahedipour, Shirzad Fallahi, Parisa Mousavi, Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh, Mirataollah Salabati
Acta Parasitologica.2019; 64(2): 384. CrossRef

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First Paleoparasitological Report on the Animal Feces of Bronze Age Excavated from Shahr-e Sukhteh, Iran: Mahsasadat Makki, Jean Dupouy-Camet, Seyed Mansour Seyed Sajjadi, Saied Reza Naddaf, Iraj Mobedi, Mostafa Rezaeian, Mehdi Mohebali, Gholamreza Mowlavi; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):197-201.
Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.197

Abstract
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Shahr-e Sukhteh (meaning burnt city in Persian) in Iran is an archeological site dated back to around 3,2001,800 BC. It is located in Sistan and Baluchistan Province of Iran and known as the junction of Bronze Age trade routes crossing the Iranian plateau. It was appointed as current study area for paleoparasitological investigations. Excavations at this site have revealed various archeological materials since 1967. In the present study, sheep and carnivore coprolites excavated from this site were analyzed by means of rehydration technique using TSP solution for finding helminth eggs. Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Capillaria sp., and Taenia sp. eggs were identified, while some other objects similar to Anoplocephalidae and Toxocara spp. eggs were also retrieved from the samples but their measured parameters did not match those of these species. The present paper illustrates the first paleoparasitological findings of Bronze Age in eastern Iran supporting the economic activities, peopling, and communication as well as the appropriate condition for zoonotic helminthiasis life cycle in Shahr-e Sukhteh archeological site.

Citations

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First molecular data on the human roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides species complex from the Bronze and Iron Age in Hallstatt, Austria
Elisabeth Barsch, Kerstin Kowarik, Katharina Rodler, Christoph Hörweg, Hans Reschreiter, Helmut Sattmann, Julia Walochnik
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Gastrointestinal parasites of domestic sheep from Patagonia throughout historical times: A paleoparasitological approach
María Ornela Beltrame, Gloria Sofía Moviglia, Daniela De Tommaso, Silvina Quintana
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2023; 44: 100915. CrossRef
Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef
Paleoparasitology and archaeoparasitology in Iran: A retrospective in differential diagnosis
Alireza Sazmand
International Journal of Paleopathology.2021; 32: 50. CrossRef
Worldwide paleodistribution of capillariid parasites: Paleoparasitology, current status of phylogeny and taxonomic perspectives
Victor Hugo Borba, José Roberto Machado-Silva, Matthieu Le Bailly, Alena Mayo Iñiguez, Ben J Mans
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(4): e0216150. CrossRef

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Visceral Leishmaniasis in Rural Areas of Alborz Province of Iran and Implication to Health Policy: Aliehsan Heidari, Mehdi Mohebali, Kourosh Kabir, Hojatallah Barati, Yousef Soultani, Hossein Keshavarz, Behnaz Akhoundi, Homa Hajjaran, Hosein Reisi; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):379-383.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.379

Abstract
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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar mainly affects children in endemic areas. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of VL using direct agglutination test (DAT) in children living in rural districts of Alborz Province located 30 km from Tehran capital city of Iran. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was applied. Blood samples were randomly collected from 1,007 children under 10 years of age in the clusters. A total of 37 (3.7%) of the studied population showed anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies with titers of ≥1:800. There was a significant association between positive sera and various parts of the rural areas of Alborz Province (P<0.002). Two children with anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies titers of ≥1:3,200 indicated kala-azar clinical features and treated with anti-leishmaniasis drugs in pediatric hospital. The findings of this study indicated that Leishmania infection is prevalent in rural areas of Alborz Province. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the awareness and alertness among physicians and public health managers, particularly in high-risk rural areas of the province in Iran.

Citations

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of Leishmania infantum in sandflies in Iran
Sara Rahimi, Homa Arshadi, Hamid Reza Shoraka, Aioub Sofizadeh, Arman Latifi
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2024; 17(11): 491. CrossRef
Unraveling the role of natural killer cells in leishmaniasis
Zahra Alizadeh, Pooya Omidnia, Farag M.A. Altalbawy, Gamal A. Gabr, Rasha Fadhel Obaid, Narges Rostami, Saeed Aslani, Aliehsan Heidari, Hamed Mohammadi
International Immunopharmacology.2023; 114: 109596. CrossRef
Prevalence of human visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mosayeb Rostamian, Homayoon Bashiri, Vahid Yousefinejad, Arezoo Bozorgomid, Nasrollah Sohrabi, Saber Raeghi, Mohammad Taghi Khodayari, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Shahab Rezaeian
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2021; 75: 101604. CrossRef
Seroepidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis among free-roaming dogs and children in Zahedan city, southeast of Iran, 2018–2020
Baharak Akhtardanesh, Mahshid Mostafavi, Javad Khedri, Ayoob Fakhri, Iraj Sharifi, Mehdi Khoshsima Shahraki
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 161: 105234. CrossRef
Seroepidemiological study on visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic focus of central Iran during 2017
Leyli Zanjirani Farahani, Mehdi Mohebali, Behnaz Akhoundi, Abedin Saghafipour, Zahra Kakooei
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2019; 43(1): 22. CrossRef
Paediatric visceral leishmaniasis: a retrospective study on clinical manifestations, demographic features and laboratory findings of hospitalised cases in Iran between 2006 and 2016
Manijeh Nourian, Aliehsan Heidari, Saleheh Tajali, Erfan Ghasemi, Mehdi Mohebali, Amir Heidari
Tropical Doctor.2019; 49(1): 59. CrossRef
Population structures of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica the causative agents of kala-azar in Southwest Iran
Mohammad Amin Ghatee, Hossein Mirhendi, Mehdi Karamian, Walter R. Taylor, Iraj Sharifi, Massood Hosseinzadeh, Zahra Kanannejad
Parasitology Research.2018; 117(11): 3447. CrossRef
Autoantibodies in a Three-Year-Old Girl with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall
Gholamreza Pouladfar, Zahra Jafarpour, Amir Hossein Babaei, Bahman Pourabbas, Bita Geramizadeh, Anahita Sanaei Dashti
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef

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Case Report

Visceral Leishmaniasis without Fever in an 11-Month-Old Infant: a Rare Clinical Feature of Kala-azar: Shirin Sayyahfar, Shahla Ansari, Mehdi Mohebali, Babak Behnam; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(2):189-191.
Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.189

Abstract
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Visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar is an endemic parasitic disease in some parts of the world which is characterized by fever, splenomegaly, and pancytopenia in most of the cases. Herein we report an 11 month-old male infant with diagnosis of kala-azar who presented with pallor, hepatosplenomegaly, failure to gain weight, and no history of fever. Surprisingly, fever started after beginning of meglumine antimoniate treatment in this patient. As far as we are aware of, this is a rare presentation of visceral leishmaniasis. Therefore, clinicians especially in endemic areas are highly recommended to include kala-azar among differential diagnosis of unexplained anemia without fever to prevent misdiagnosis of this potentially fatal, but treatable condition.

Citations

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Leishmaniasis – Still a diagnostic challenge: An individual participant data systematic review
Azza Sarfraz, Zouina Sarfraz, Maryyam Liaqat, Muhammad Hadi Khan, Hafiza Aqsa Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Abdullah
Tropical Doctor.2024; 54(4): 352. CrossRef
Visceral Leishmaniasis After Kidney Transplant: An Unusual Presentation and Mode of Diagnosis
Abhyudaysingh Rana, Ashwini Gadde, Lipika Lippi, Shyam B. Bansal
Experimental and Clinical Transplantation.2022; 20(3): 311. CrossRef
Filariasis presenting as pancytopenia in a child
Anusree Krishna Mandal, Jadab Kumar Jana, Soumya Gayen, Abhay Charan Pal
BMJ Case Reports.2022; 15(5): e248930. CrossRef
A case of visceral leishmaniasis found by left oblique hernia: A case report
Guoqiang Zhang, Jihua Zhong, Ting Wang, Lu Zhong
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
T cell suppression in the bone marrow of visceral leishmaniasis patients: impact of parasite load
P Kumar, P Misra, C P Thakur, A Saurabh, N Rishi, D K Mitra
Clinical and Experimental Immunology.2018; 191(3): 318. CrossRef
Diversity and incrimination of sandflies (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) captured in city and suburbs of Hamadan, Hamadan province, west of Iran
Aref Salehzadeh, Somayeh Rafatbakhsh Iran, Milad Latifi, Motahare Mirhoseini
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2014; 7: S177. CrossRef

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8 Web of Science
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Original Article

Overexpression of Ubiquitin and Amino Acid Permease Genes in Association with Antimony Resistance in Leishmania tropica Field Isolates: Elham Kazemi-Rad, Mehdi Mohebali, Mohammad Bagher Khadem-Erfan, Homa Hajjaran, Ramtin Hadighi, Ali Khamesipour, Sassan Rezaie, Mojtaba Saffari, Reza Raoofian, Mansour Heidari; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):413-419.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.413

Abstract
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The mainstay therapy against leishmaniasis is still pentavalent antimonial drugs; however, the rate of antimony resistance is increasing in endemic regions such as Iran. Understanding the molecular basis of resistance to antimonials could be helpful to improve treatment strategies. This study aimed to recognize genes involved in antimony resistance of Leishmania tropica field isolates. Sensitive and resistant L. tropica parasites were isolated from anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis patients and drug susceptibility of parasites to meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®) was confirmed using in vitro assay. Then, complementary DNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) and real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) approaches were utilized on mRNAs from resistant and sensitive L. tropica isolates. We identified 2 known genes, ubiquitin implicated in protein degradation and amino acid permease (AAP3) involved in arginine uptake. Also, we identified 1 gene encoding hypothetical protein. Real-time RT-PCR revealed a significant upregulation of ubiquitin (2.54-fold), and AAP3 (2.86-fold) (P<0.05) in a resistant isolate compared to a sensitive one. Our results suggest that overexpression of ubiquitin and AAP3 could potentially implicated in natural antimony resistance.

Citations

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Comparative transcriptomics of naturally susceptible and resistant Trypanosoma cruzi strains in response to Benznidazole
Carlos Ospina, Tatiana Cáceres, Stivenn Gutiérrez, Luz Helena Patiño, Luis David Sáenz-Pérez, Karen Moreno Medina, Juan Carlos Villar, Juan David Ramírez
International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance.2025; 29: 100623. CrossRef
Leishmania spp. genetic factors associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis antimony pentavalent drug resistance: a systematic review
Raphaela Lisboa Andrade Nery, Thaline Mabel Sousa Santos, Luana Leandro Gois, Aldina Barral, Ricardo Khouri, Caroline Alves Feitosa, Luciane Amorim Santos
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Transcriptomic analysis of benznidazole-resistant and susceptible Trypanosoma cruzi populations
Davi Alvarenga Lima, Leilane Oliveira Gonçalves, João Luís Reis-Cunha, Paul Anderson Souza Guimarães, Jeronimo Conceição Ruiz, Daniel Barbosa Liarte, Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta
Parasites & Vectors.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals differential modulation of crucial stage specific proteins during promastigote to amastigote differentiation in Leishmania donovani
Chinmayee Bar Routaray, Vaibhavee Choudhari, Divya Prakash, Rajendra Patil, Surabhi Jagtap, Shakuntala Bai, Mahesh J. Kulkarni, Suresh V. Kuchipudi, Kalpana Pai
Journal of Proteins and Proteomics.2022; 13(1): 17. CrossRef
Leishmania infantum UBC1 in Metacyclic Promastigotes from Phlebotomus perniciosus, a Vaccine Candidate for Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis
Jaime Larraga, Pedro Alcolea, Ana Alonso, Luis Martins, Inmaculada Moreno, Mercedes Domínguez, Vicente Larraga
Vaccines.2022; 10(2): 231. CrossRef
Global distribution of treatment resistance gene markers for leishmaniasis
Samira Salari, Mehdi Bamorovat, Iraj Sharifi, Pooya Ghasemi Nejad Almani
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Elucidation of the Flavor Aspects and Flavor-Associated Genomic Regions in Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) by Metabolomic Analysis and QTL-seq
Ying Wang, Yanwei Li, Xiaohua Wu, Xinyi Wu, Zishan Feng, Jian Wang, Baogen Wang, Zhongfu Lu, Guojing Li
Foods.2022; 11(16): 2450. CrossRef
Effect of the variation in the extracellular concentration of l-arginine in the physiology of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and its susceptibility to some antileishmanial drugs
Manuela Giraldo, Yulieth A. Upegui, Jorge L. Higuita-Castro, Luis A. Gonzalez, Sneider Gutierrez, Sergio A. Pulido, Sara M. Robledo
Experimental Parasitology.2022; 242: 108395. CrossRef
HAS 1: A natural product from soil-isolated Streptomyces species with potent activity against cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica
Bassel Awada, Maguy Hamie, Rana El Hajj, Ghada Derbaj, Rania Najm, Perla Makhoul, Dima Hajj Ali, Antoine G. Abou Fayad, Hiba El Hajj
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Metabolite Biomarkers of Leishmania Antimony Resistance
Sneider Alexander Gutierrez Guarnizo, Zemfira N. Karamysheva, Elkin Galeano, Carlos E. Muskus
Cells.2021; 10(5): 1063. CrossRef
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F. Zaini, E. Lotfali, A. Fattahi, E. Siddig, S. Farahyar, E. Kouhsari, M. Saffari
Journal de Mycologie Médicale.2020; 30(2): 100953. CrossRef
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of antimony resistant and susceptible Leishmania infantum lines
Juvana Moreira Andrade, Leilane Oliveira Gonçalves, Daniel Barbosa Liarte, Davi Alvarenga Lima, Frederico Gonçalves Guimarães, Daniela de Melo Resende, Ana Maria Murta Santi, Luciana Marcia de Oliveira, João Paulo Linhares Velloso, Renato Guimarães Delfin
Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
An overview of leishmanization experience: A successful control measure and a tool to evaluate candidate vaccines
Mehdi Mohebali, Abolhassan Nadim, Ali Khamesipour
Acta Tropica.2019; 200: 105173. CrossRef
Comparison of Cysteine Protease B Gene Expression between Clinical Isolates of Leishmania tropica, Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum
Elham Kazemirad, Hossien Reisi Nafchi, Alireza Latifi, Reza Raoofian, Mehdi Mohebali, Homa Hajjaran
Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2019; 7(3): 72. CrossRef
Use of AFLP for the study of eukaryotic pathogens affecting humans
Carlos M. Restrepo, Alejandro Llanes, Ricardo Lleonart
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2018; 63: 360. CrossRef
Expression analysis of viscerotropic leishmaniasis gene in Leishmania species by real-time RT-PCR
Hossein Reisi Nafchi, Elham Kazemi-Rad, Mehdi Mohebali, Reza Raoofian, Niloofar Bavarsad Ahmadpour, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, Homa Hajjaran
Acta Parasitologica.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Expression analysis of activated protein kinase C gene (LACK1) in antimony sensitive and resistant Leishmania tropica clinical isolates using real‐time RT‐PCR
Homa Hajjaran, Elham Kazemi‐Rad, Mehdi Mohebali, Mohammad A. Oshaghi, Mohammad B. Khadem‐Erfan, Elham Hajaliloo, Hossein Reisi Nafchi, Reza Raoofian
International Journal of Dermatology.2016; 55(9): 1020. CrossRef
Visceral Leishmaniasis without Fever in an 11-Month-Old Infant: a Rare Clinical Feature of Kala-azar
Shirin Sayyahfar, Shahla Ansari, Mehdi Mohebali, Babak Behnam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(2): 189. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Production and Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii Recombinant GRA7 for Serodiagnosis of Human Infections: Mina Selseleh, Hossein Keshavarz, Mehdi Mohebali, Saeedeh Shojaee, Monavar Selseleh, Mohammad Reza Eshragian, Fatemeh Mansouri, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):233-238.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.233

Abstract
PDF

The precise diagnosis of the acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and immunocompromsied patients has critical importance. Most of the commercially available assays use the whole Toxoplasma soluble extract as the antigen. However, the assays currently available for the detection of specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies may vary in their abilities to detect serum immunoglobulins, due to the lack of a purified standardized antigen. The aim of this study was production and evaluation of the usefulness of the recombinant Toxoplasma gondii GRA7 antigen for the serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG by ELISA. A total of 70 T. gondii IgM positive sera, 74 T. gondii IgG positive sera, and 60 sera from subjects who were not infected with T. gondii were examined. These sera were shown different absorbance values in ELISA test. To control the specificity of the rGRA7 other parasitic diseases, for example, echinococcosis, malaria, leishmaniasis, fascioliasis, and strongyloidiasis were tested of which none showed positive results. Sensitivity and specificity of the generated recombinant IgG ELISA in comparison with commercial ELISA (com ELISA) were 89% and 90%, and the sensitivity and specificity of the generated recombinant IgM ELISA were 96% and 90%, respectively. The results obtained here show that this antigen is useful for diagnostic purposes.

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Acta Parasitologica.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Utility of blood as the clinical specimen for the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis using uracil DNA glycosylase-supplemented loop-mediated isothermal amplification and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays based on REP-529 sequence and B1 gene
Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Shirzad Fallahi, Mohammad Zarei, Bahram Kazemi, Mehdi Mohebali, Saeedeh Shojaee, Parisa Mousavi, Aref Teimouri, Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh, Mirataollah Salabati, Hossein Keshavarz Valian
BMC Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Molecules.2022; 27(17): 5572. CrossRef
Assessment of an In-House Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and IgG Avidity Test Based on SAG1 and GRA7 Proteins for Discriminating between Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis in Humans
Aref Teimouri, Mohammad Javad Abbaszadeh Afshar, Sina Mohtasebi, Sanaz Jafarpour Azami, Rasoul Alimi, Hossein Keshavarz, Bobbi S. Pritt
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Enhancing Immune Responses to a DNA Vaccine Encoding Toxoplasma gondii GRA7 Using Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles as an Adjuvant
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Original Articles

Real-Time RT-PCR on SAG1 and BAG1 Gene Expression during Stage Conversion in Immunosuppressed Mice Infected with Toxoplasma gondii Tehran Strain: Monavar Selseleh, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi, Mehdi Mohebali, Saeedeh Shojaee, Mohammad Reza Eshragian, Mina Selseleh, Ebrahim Azizi, Hossein Keshavarz; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):199-205.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.199

Abstract
PDF

Toxoplasmic encephalitis is caused by reactivation of bradyzoites to rapidly dividing tachyzoites of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in immunocompromised hosts. Diagnosis of this life-threatening disease is problematic, because it is difficult to discriminate between these 2 stages. Toxoplasma PCR assays using gDNA as a template have been unable to discriminate between an increase or decrease in SAG1 and BAG1 expression between the active tachyzoite stage and the latent bradyzoite stage. In the present study, real-time RT-PCR assay was used to detect the expression of bradyzoite (BAG1)- and tachyzoite-specific genes (SAG1) during bradyzoite/tachyzoite stage conversion in mice infected with T. gondii Tehran strain after dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DXM) administration. The conversion reaction was observed in the lungs and brain tissues of experimental mice, indicated by SAG1 expression at day 6 after DXM administration, and continued until day 14. Bradyzoites were also detected in both organs throughout the study; however, it decreased at day 14 significantly. It is suggested that during the reactivation period, bradyzoites not only escape from the cysts and reinvade neighboring cells as tachyzoites, but also converted to new bradyzoites. In summary, the real-time RT-PCR assay provided a reliable, fast, and quantitative way of detecting T. gondii reactivation in an animal model. Thus, this method may be useful for diagnosing stage conversion in clinical specimens of immunocompromised patients (HIV or transplant patients) for early identification of tachyzoite-bradyzoite stage conversion.

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Brain cystogenesis capacity of Toxoplasma gondii, avirulent Tehran strain in mice
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IgG Avidity ELISA Test for Diagnosis of Acute Toxoplasmosis in Humans: Amir Hossien Rahbari, Hossien Keshavarz, Saeedeh Shojaee, Mehdi Mohebali, Mostafa Rezaeian; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):99-102.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.99

Abstract
PDF

Serum samples, 100 in the total number, were collected from different laboratories in Tehran, Iran and tested for anti-Toxoplasma specific IgG and IgM antibodies using indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Using the IgG (chronic) and IgM (acute) positive samples, the IgG avidity test was performed by ELISA in duplicate rows of 96-well microtiter plates. One row was washed with 6 M urea and the other with PBS (pH 7.2), then the avidity index (AI) was calculated. Sixteen out of 18 (88.9%) sera with acute toxoplasmosis showed low avidity levels (AI≤50), and 76 out of 82 (92.7%) sera in chronic phase of infection showed high avidity index (AI>60). Six sera had borderline ranges of AI. The results showed that the IgG avidity test by ELISA could distinguish the acute and chronic stages of toxoplasmosis in humans.

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A Recombinant Plasmodium vivax Apical Membrane Antigen-1 to Detect Human Infection in Iran: Afsaneh Motevalli Haghi, Mohammad Reza Khoramizade, Mehdi Nateghpour, Mehdi Mohebali, Gholam Hossein Edrissian, Mohammad Reza Eshraghian, Zargham Sepehrizadeh; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):15-21.
Published online March 6, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.15

Abstract
PDF

In Iran, Plasmodium vivax is responsible for more than 80% of the infected cases of malaria per year. Control interventions for vivax malaria in humans rely mainly on developed diagnostic methods. Recombinant P. vivax apical membrane antigen-1 (rPvAMA-1) has been reported to achieve designing rapid, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnosis. This study aimed to perform isolation and expression of a rPvAMA-1, derived from Iranian patients residing in an endemic area. Then, the diagnostic efficiency of the characterized Iranian PvAMA-1 was assessed using an indirect ELISA method. For this purpose, a partial region of AMA-1 gene was amplified, cloned, and expressed in pET32a plasmid. The recombinant His-tagged protein was purified and used to coat the ELISA plate. Antibody detection was assessed by indirect ELISA using rPvAMA-1. The validity of the ELISA method for detection of anti-P. vivax antibodies in the field was compared to light microscopy on 84 confirmed P. vivax patients and compared to 84 non-P. vivax infected individuals. The ELISA cut-off value was calculated as the mean+2SD of OD values of the people living in malaria endemic areas from a south part of Iran. We found a cut-off point of OD=0.311 that showed the best correlation between the sera confirmed with P. vivax infection and healthy control sera. A sensitivity of 81.0% and specificity of 84.5% were found at this cut off titer. A good degree of statistical agreement was found between ELISA using rPvAMA-1 and light microscopy (0.827) by Kappa analysis.

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