Trichomonas vaginalis commonly causes vaginitis and perhaps cervicitis in women and urethritis in men and women. Macrophages are important immune cells in response to T. vaginalis infection. In this study, we investigated whether human macrophages could be involved in inflammation induced by T. vaginalis. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) were co-cultured with T. vaginalis. Live, opsonized-live trichomonads, and T. vaginalis lysates increased proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by HMDM. The involvement of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in cytokine production induced by T. vaginalis was confirmed by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB. In addition, stimulation with live T. vaginalis induced marked augmentation of nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) levels in HMDM. However, trichomonad-induced NF-κB activation and TNF-α production in macrophages were significantly inhibited by inhibition of iNOS levels with L-NMMA (NO synthase inhibitor). Moreover, pretreatment with NF-κB inhibitors (PDTC or Bay11-7082) caused human macrophages to produce less TNF-α. These results suggest that T. vaginalis stimulates human macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, and NO. In particular, we showed that T. vaginalis induced TNF-α production in macrophages through NO-dependent activation of NF-κB, which might be closely involved in inflammation caused by T. vaginalis.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Impact of microparticles released during murine systemic inflammation on macrophage activity and reactive nitrogen species regulation Weronika Ortmann, Anna Such, Elzbieta Kolaczkowska Immunologic Research.2024; 72(2): 299. CrossRef
Activation of murine macrophages by membrane proteins from Tritrichomonas foetus grown on iron‐ and calcium‐rich conditions Antonio Euan‐Canto, Julio César Torres‐Romero, María Elizbeth Alvarez‐Sánchez, Victor Ermilo Arana‐Argáez, Karla Acosta‐Viana, Emanuel Ceballos‐Góngora, Laura Vázquez‐Carrillo, Leidi Alvarez‐Sánchez Parasite Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Inflammatory responses during trichomoniasis: The role of Toll‐like receptors and inflammasomes Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Maryam Nemati, Ehsan Salarkia, Sonal Yadav, Najmeh Aminizadeh, Sara Jafarzadeh, Manisha Yadav Parasite Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
In Vitro Activation of Macrophages by an MHC Class II-restricted Trichomonas Vaginalis TvZIP8-derived Synthetic Peptide Victor Ermilo Arana-Argáez, Emanuel Ceballos-Góngora, María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez, Antonio Euan-Canto, Julio Lara-Riegos, Julio César Torres-Romero Immunological Investigations.2022; 51(1): 88. CrossRef
Local cytokine/chemokine profiles in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice in response to T. vaginalis infection Sonal Yadav, Vivek Verma, Rakesh Singh Dhanda, Sumeeta Khurana, Manisha Yadav Experimental Parasitology.2022; 239: 108287. CrossRef
Immune cell arrival kinetics to peritoneum and role during murine-experimental trichomoniasis F. J. Rangel-Mata, E. E. Ávila-Muro, J. E. Reyes-Martínez, L. M. Olmos-Ortiz, M. E. Brunck, L. A. Arriaga-Pizano, P. Cuéllar-Mata Parasitology.2021; 148(13): 1624. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis triggers the release of THP-1 extracellular traps Li Fei, Wei Zhengkai, Jiang Weina, Cao Lili, Gao Yuhang, Yang Zhengtao, Li Jianhua, Yu Biao, Zhang Xichen, Gong Pengtao Parasitology Research.2019; 118(1): 267. CrossRef
Immune Response of BALB/c Mice toward Putative Calcium Transporter Recombinant Protein of Trichomonas vaginalis Tahali Mendoza-Oliveros, Victor Arana-Argáez, Leidi C. Alvaréz-Sánchez, Julio Lara-Riegos, María Elizbeth Alvaréz-Sánchez, Julio C. Torres-Romero The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(1): 33. CrossRef
Heterogeneous macrophages: Supersensors of exogenous inducing factors Caiyun Qian, Zehui Yun, Yudi Yao, Minghua Cao, Qiang Liu, Song Hu, Shuhua Zhang, Daya Luo Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunopathology of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Infections: New Aspects and Research Directions Namarta Kalia, Jatinder Singh, Manpreet Kaur Frontiers in Immunology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
ReducedTrichomonas vaginalisviability in mice pretreated with parasite DNA Marco Antonio Barajas-Mendiola, Laura E. Castellano, Miriam Barrios-Rodiles, Martha A. Deveze-Alvarez, Eva E. Avila, Patricia Cuéllar-Mata Parasitology.2019; 146(13): 1636. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Human Macrophages Angelica Montenegro Riestra, J. Andrés Valderrama, Kathryn A. Patras, Sharon D. Booth, Xing Yen Quek, Chih-Ming Tsai, Victor Nizet Journal of Innate Immunity.2019; 11(1): 86. CrossRef
Humoral and T cell–mediated immune response against trichomoniasis M. Nemati, N. Malla, M. Yadav, H. Khorramdelazad, A. Jafarzadeh Parasite Immunology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis Induces Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Mouse Macrophages Through Activation of MAPK and NF-κB Pathways Partially Mediated by TLR2 Ling Li, Xin Li, Pengtao Gong, Xichen Zhang, Zhengtao Yang, Ju Yang, Jianhua Li Frontiers in Microbiology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
BLT1-mediated O-GlcNAcylation is required for NOX2-dependent migration, exocytotic degranulation and IL-8 release of human mast cell induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-secreted LTB4 Arim Min, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Myeong Heon Shin Microbes and Infection.2018; 20(6): 376. CrossRef
Effect of iNOS inhibitor LNMMA along with antibiotics Chloramphenicol or Ofloxacin in murine peritoneal macrophages regulates S.aureus infection as well as inflammation: An in vitro study Somrita Dey, Biswadev Bishayi Microbial Pathogenesis.2017; 105: 307. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis exosome‐like vesicles modify the cytokine profile and reduce inflammation in parasite‐infected mice L. M. Olmos‐Ortiz, M. A. Barajas‐Mendiola, M. Barrios‐Rodiles, L. E. Castellano, S. Arias‐Negrete, E. E. Avila, P. Cuéllar‐Mata Parasite Immunology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
The anti‐Trichomonas vaginalis phloroglucinol derivative isoaustrobrasilol B modulates extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis Camila Braz Menezes, Graziela Vargas Rigo, Henrique Bridi, Danielle da Silva Trentin, Alexandre José Macedo, Gilsane Lino von Poser, Tiana Tasca Chemical Biology & Drug Design.2017; 90(5): 811. CrossRef
Adenosine reduces reactive oxygen species and interleukin-8 production by Trichomonas vaginalis-stimulated neutrophils Amanda Piccoli Frasson, Camila Braz Menezes, Gustavo Krumel Goelzer, Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto, Solange Cristina Garcia, Tiana Tasca Purinergic Signalling.2017; 13(4): 569. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin 2 Modulates Host Immune Responses by Inducing Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells via IL-10 Production from Regulatory T Cells Hye-Yeon Lee, Juri Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu, Soon-Jung Park The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(4): 375. CrossRef
SNAP23-Dependent Surface Translocation of Leukotriene B
4
(LTB
4
) Receptor 1 Is Essential for NOX2-Mediated Exocytotic Degranulation in Human Mast Cells Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Secrete Arim Min, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Jamel El-Benna, Myeong Heon Shin, Judith A. Appleton Infection and Immunity.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
OsmC and incomplete glycine decarboxylase complex mediate reductive detoxification of peroxides in hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis Eva Nývltová, Tamara Smutná, Jan Tachezy, Ivan Hrdý Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology.2016; 206(1-2): 29. CrossRef
Symbiotic Association with Mycoplasma hominis Can Influence Growth Rate, ATP Production, Cytolysis and Inflammatory Response of Trichomonas vaginalis Valentina Margarita, Paola Rappelli, Daniele Dessì, Gianfranco Pintus, Robert P. Hirt, Pier L. Fiori Frontiers in Microbiology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Trichomoniasis immunity and the involvement of the purinergic signaling Camila Braz Menezes, Tiana Tasca Biomedical Journal.2016; 39(4): 234. CrossRef
Modulation of dendritic cell function by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products Min-Ji Song, Jong-Joo Lee, Young Hee Nam, Tae-Gyun Kim, Youn Wook Chung, Mikyoung Kim, Ye-Eun Choi, Myeong Heon Shin, Hyoung-Pyo Kim BMB Reports.2015; 48(2): 103. CrossRef
Involvement of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Pathways for TNF-α Production in SiHa Cervical Mucosal Epithelial Cells Infected with <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> Jung-Bo Yang, Juan-Hua Quan, Ye-Eun Kim, Yun-Ee Rhee, Byung-Hyun Kang, In-Wook Choi, Guang-Ho Cha, Jae-Min Yuk, Young-Ha Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(4): 371. CrossRef
Analysis of the Oxidative Stress Status in Nonspecific Vaginitis and Its Role in Vaginal Epithelial Cells Apoptosis Zhaojie Chen, Zhen Zhang, Haiyan Zhang, Beibei Xie BioMed Research International.2015; 2015: 1. CrossRef
T. vaginalis Infection Is Associated with Increased IL-8 and TNFr1 Levels but with the Absence of CD38 and HLADR Activation in the Cervix of ESN Olamide D. Jarrett, Kirsten E. Brady, Sharada P. Modur, Jill Plants, Alan L. Landay, Mahmood Ghassemi, Elizabeth T. Golub, Greg T. Spear, Richard M. Novak, Clive M. Gray PLOS ONE.2015; 10(6): e0130146. CrossRef
Prostatic Disease Associated withTrichomonas vaginalis Jae-Sook Ryu The Korean Journal of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation.2014; 9(2): 61. CrossRef
Immunity in urogenital protozoa N. Malla, K. Goyal, R. S. Dhanda, M. Yadav Parasite Immunology.2014; 36(9): 400. CrossRef
Differential Regulation of Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Macrophages in Response to Intestinal Parasite Infection Mei Xing Lim, Chin Wen Png, Crispina Yan Bing Tay, Joshua Ding Wei Teo, Huipeng Jiao, Norbert Lehming, Kevin Shyong Wei Tan, Yongliang Zhang, J. A. Appleton Infection and Immunity.2014; 82(11): 4789. CrossRef
IL‐22 Levels are Associated with Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in the Lower Genital Tract Hadijat Moradeke Makinde, Reza Zariffard, Paria Mirmonsef, Richard M Novak, Olamide Jarrett, Alan L Landay, Gregory T Spear American Journal of Reproductive Immunology.2013; 70(1): 38. CrossRef
IL-10 release by bovine epithelial cells cultured with Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus Ricardo Chaves Vilela, Marlene Benchimol Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2013; 108(1): 110. CrossRef
Involvement of purinergic signaling on nitric oxide production by neutrophils stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis Amanda Piccoli Frasson, Geraldo Attilio De Carli, Carla Denise Bonan, Tiana Tasca Purinergic Signalling.2012; 8(1): 1. CrossRef
Leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 are involved in interleukin-8 production in human neutrophils induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products Young Hee Nam, Arim Min, Seong Hoon Kim, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Kyoung-Ju Song, Myeong Heon Shin Inflammation Research.2012; 61(2): 97. CrossRef
Involvement of mast cells in inflammation induced by Trichomonas vaginalis via crosstalk with vaginal epithelial cells I. H. HAN, S. J. PARK, M. H. AHN, J. S. RYU Parasite Immunology.2012; 34(1): 8. CrossRef
Leukotriene B4 receptor BLT-mediated phosphorylation of NF-κB and CREB is involved in IL-8 production in human mast cells induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products Young Hee Nam, Deulle Min, Hyoung-Pyo Kim, Kyoung-Ju Song, Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Seong Hoon Kim, Myeong Heon Shin Microbes and Infection.2011; 13(14-15): 1211. CrossRef
NF-κB and CREB Are Involved in IL-8 Production of Human Neutrophils Induced byTrichomonas vaginalis-Derived Secretory Products Young Hee Nam, Deulle Min, Soon-Jung Park, Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(3): 291. CrossRef
Trichomoniasis Jae-Sook Ryu Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 213. CrossRef
First
Prev
