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"Min Kyoung Cho"

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"Min Kyoung Cho"

Brief Communication

Alteration of Cytokine Production during Visceral Larva Migrans by Toxascaris leonina in Mice
Shin Ae Kang, Mi-Kyung Park, Min Kyoung Cho, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):583-588.
Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.583

To determine alteration of immune responses during visceral larva migrans (VLM) caused by Toxascaris leonina at several time points, we experimentally infected mice with embryonated eggs of T. leonina and measured T-helper (Th) cell-related serial cytokine production after infection. At day 5 post infection (PI), most larvae were detected from the lungs, spleen, intestine, and muscle. Expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and CCL11 (eotaxin) showed a significant increase in most infected organs, except the intestine. However, expression of the CXCL1 (Gro-α) gene was most highly enhanced in the intestine at day 14 PI. Th1-related cytokine secretion of splenocytes showed increases at day 28 PI, and the level showed a decrease at day 42 PI. Th2-related cytokine secretion of splenocytes also showed an increase after infection; in particular, IL-5 level showed a significant increase at day 14 PI, and the level showed a decrease at day 28 PI. However, levels of Th17-related cytokines, IL-6 and IL-17A, showed gradual increases until day 42 PI. In conclusion, Th1, Th2, and Th17-related cytokine production might be important in immune responses against T. leonina VLM in experimental mice.

Citations

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  • Histopathological lesions caused by experimental Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina infections in farm mink (Neovison vison)
    Maciej Klockiewicz, Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak, Tadeusz Jakubowski, Ewa Długosz
    Journal of Veterinary Research.2019; 63(2): 205.     CrossRef
  • Experimental infection with T. canis and T. leonina in farm mink (Neovison vison)
    Maciej Klockiewicz, Tadeusz Jakubowski, Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak, Justyna Bartosik, Ewa Długosz
    Journal of Veterinary Research.2019; 63(2): 197.     CrossRef
  • 8,629 View
  • 88 Download
  • Crossref

Original Article

Comparison of Functional Gene Annotation of Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara canis using CLC Genomics Workbench
Ki Uk Kim, Sang Kyun Park, Shin Ae Kang, Mi Kyung Park, Min Kyoung Cho, Ho-jin Jung, Kyung-Yun Kim, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):525-530.
Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.525

The ascarids, Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, are probably the most common gastrointestinal helminths encountered in dogs. In order to understand biological differences of 2 ascarids, we analyzed gene expression profiles of female adults of T. canis and T. leonina using CLC Genomics Workbench, and the results were compared with those of free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A total of 2,880 and 7,949 ESTs were collected from T. leonina and T. canis, respectively. The length of ESTs ranged from 106 to 4,637 bp with an average insert size of 820 bp. Overall, our results showed that most functional gene annotations of 2 ascarids were quite similar to each other in 3 major categories, i.e., cellular component, biological process, and molecular function. Although some different transcript expression categories were found, the distance was short and it was not enough to explain their different lifestyles. However, we found distinguished transcript differences between ascarid parasites and free-living nematodes. Understanding evolutionary genetic changes might be helpful for studies of the lifestyle and evolution of parasites.

Citations

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  • CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing reveals that the Pgs gene of Fusarium circinatum is involved in pathogenicity, growth and sporulation
    Alida van Dijk, Andi M. Wilson, Bianke Marx, Bianca Hough, Benedicta Swalarsk-Parry, Lieschen De Vos, Michael J. Wingfield, Brenda D. Wingfield, Emma T. Steenkamp
    Fungal Genetics and Biology.2025; 177: 103970.     CrossRef
  • Comparative genomics analysis reveals sequence characteristics potentially related to host preference in Cryptosporidium xiaoi
    Jiayu Li, Yingying Fan, Na Li, Yaqiong Guo, Weijian Wang, Kangli Feng, Wei He, Falei Li, Jianbo Huang, Yanhua Xu, Lihua Xiao, Yaoyu Feng
    International Journal for Parasitology.2024; 54(7): 379.     CrossRef
  • Chromosome-level genome assembly of Cryptosporidium parvum by long-read sequencing of ten oocysts
    Yuancai Chen, Jianying Huang, Huikai Qin, Kaihui Zhang, Yin Fu, Junqiang Li, Rongjun Wang, Kai Chen, Jie Xiong, Wei Miao, Guangying Wang, Longxian Zhang
    Scientific Data.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • High subtelomeric GC content in the genome of a zoonotic Cryptosporidium species
    Jiayu Li, Na Li, Dawn M. Roellig, Wentao Zhao, Yaqiong Guo, Yaoyu Feng, Lihua Xiao
    Microbial Genomics .2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Combination of Phages and Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Can Effectively Treat Mouse Colitis Caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
    Xinwu Wang, Yating Xing, Yalu Ji, Hengyu Xi, Xiaohe Liu, Li Yang, Liancheng Lei, Wenyu Han, Jingmin Gu
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Complete Plastome of Physalis angulata var. villosa, Gene Organization, Comparative Genomics and Phylogenetic Relationships among Solanaceae
    Xiaori Zhan, Zhenhao Zhang, Yong Zhang, Yadi Gao, Yanyun Jin, Chenjia Shen, Huizhong Wang, Shangguo Feng
    Genes.2022; 13(12): 2291.     CrossRef
  • Mitochondrial genes associated with pyrethroid resistance revealed by mitochondrial genome and transcriptome analyses in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae)
    Yi‐Ran Ding, Zhen‐Tian Yan, Feng‐Ling Si, Xu‐Dong Li, Qi‐Meng Mao, Sana Asghar, Bin Chen
    Pest Management Science.2020; 76(2): 769.     CrossRef
  • Environmental microbiology: Perspectives for legal and occupational medicine
    Saverio Giampaoli, Federica Alessandrini, Giovanni Vanni Frajese, Giovanni Guglielmi, Adriano Tagliabracci, Andrea Berti
    Legal Medicine.2018; 35: 34.     CrossRef
  • 9,165 View
  • 96 Download
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Brief Communications

Environmental Factors Related to Enterobiasis in a Southeast Region of Korea
Dong-Hee Kim, Min Kyoung Cho, Mi Kyung Park, Shin Ae Kang, Bo Young Kim, Sang Kyun Park, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):139-142.
Published online February 18, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.139

Pinworm infection can occur through contact with contaminated surfaces followed by ingestion or even through inhalation of infective eggs. We have limited information regarding environmental contamination by eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. In order to determine environmental risk factors associated with the rate of E. vermicularis infection, we investigated possible environmental risk factors using a questionnaire from 46 kindergartens in 3 different cities of the southeast area of Korea. In total, using the cellotape anal swab technique, 3,422 children were examined for E. vermicularis infection. We evaluated E. vermicularis egg of books, educational materials, toys, room door handles, dusts of window edges, desks, chairs, tables, and dusts of classrooms. The overall egg-positive rate for E. vermicularis was 6.0%, and the prevalence of enterobiasis in each kindergarten ranged between 0% and 16.9%. We found that 78.9% of egg positive kindergartens were managed by private foundations, which was significantly higher, compared with kindergartens managed by public foundations or the nation. Compared with public or national kindergartens, most private kindergartens were located in residential areas and the number of children in these areas was significantly higher. In conclusion, numbers of children in kindergartens was found to be an environmental risk factor associated with transmission of enterobiasis in Korea.

Citations

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  • Pinworm (Enterobius Vermicularis) Infestation: An Updated Review
    Alexander K.C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam, Benjamin Barankin, Alex H.C. Wong, Kin F. Leong, Kam L. Hon
    Current Pediatric Reviews.2025; 21(4): 333.     CrossRef
  • Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among rural schoolchildren in Zhejiang Province: a cross-sectional study
    Jialie Jin, Wei Ruan, Wenjie Xu, Xuan Zhang, Kegen Yu, Hualiang Chen, Jiaqi Zhang, Jimin Sun, Jianmin Jiang, Xiaoxiao Wang
    Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A 25-Year-Old Woman With Long-Lasting Abdominal Pain and Spleen Abscess
    Anthony Amoroso, Priya Nori, David J Riedel, Paolo Agostinis, Dario Cappello, Niccolò Riccardi, Teresa Michelutti, Maria Orsaria, Verena Zerbato, Stefano Di Bella
    Clinical Infectious Diseases.2023; 77(5): 795.     CrossRef
  • Global prevalence of enterobiasis in young children over the past 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Elham Kia Lashaki, Azadeh Mizani, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Bentolhoda Habibi, Khadijeh Taherkhani, Amir Javadi, AliReza Taremiha, Samira Dodangeh
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(6): 441.     CrossRef
  • Nutritional status, intestinal parasitic infections, and socio‐environmental conditions in Mbyá‐guaraní children: The current situation in communities incentral Misiones, Argentina
    María Lorena Zonta, Andrea Servián, Guillermo Panisse, Evelia E. Oyhenart, Graciela T. Navone
    American Journal of Human Biology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Enterobiasis among Yemeni children: a cross-sectional study
    Abdulelah H. Al-Adhroey, Yahya A. Al-Ansi, Mohammed A. Al-Kholani, Abdulrahman H. Amer, Marwan M. Al-Khyat, Fadia H. Al Hubaishi, Radhwan H. Aziz, Ebrahim S. Al-Khateeb, Souad A. Al-Gabri, Tawfik M. Al-Gabri
    Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2022; 46(3): 722.     CrossRef
  • Is pinworm infection still a public health concern among children in resource-rich regions? Trends in pinworm infection prevalence and associated factors among children in Hualien County, Taiwan: a retrospective cross-sectional study
    Yu-Chao Hsiao, Jen-Hung Wang, Chia-Hsiang Chu, Yu-Hsun Chang, Yung-Chieh Chang, Rong-Hwa Jan, Shao-Yin Chu, Shang-Hsien Yang, Jui-Shia Chen, Ming-Chun Chen
    BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • High case enterobiasis in school children and potential eggs distribution on the bed
    Didik Sumanto, Sayono E, Wulandari Meikawati, Tri Dewi Kristini, Wahyu Handoyo, Aris Sugiharto
    Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation.2022; 10(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Preschool Children: A 12-Year (2008-2019) Survey in Large Cities and Provinces of the Republic of Korea
    Hyejoo Shin, Bong-Kwang Jung, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jiyeon Park, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Jae Young Park, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Jae Hyun Cho, Jong-Yil Chai
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 421.     CrossRef
  • Genetic variation of Enterobius vermicularis among schoolchildren in Thailand
    K. Tomanakan, O. Sanpool, P. Chamavit, V. Lulitanond, P.M. Intapan, W. Maleewong
    Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Morphological characteristic of Skrjabinema ovis (Nematoda, Oxyuridae) obtained from domestic sheep
    V. V. Melnychuk, O. I. Reshetylo
    Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Detection of Enterobius vermicularis in greater Berlin, 2007–2017: seasonality and increased frequency of detection
    Johannes Friesen, Clara Bergmann, Robert Neuber, Jörg Fuhrmann, Thilo Wenzel, Anita Durst, Michael Müller, Ralf Ignatius
    European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2019; 38(4): 719.     CrossRef
  • Enterobius vermicularis infection: prevalence and risk factors among preschool children in kindergarten in the capital area, Republic of the Marshall Islands
    Chia-Kwung Fan, Ting-Wu Chuang, Ying-Chieh Huang, Ai-Wen Yin, Chia-Mei Chou, Yu-Ting Hsu, Ramson Kios, Shao-Lun Hsu, Ying-Ting Wang, Mai-Szu Wu, Jia-Wei Lin, Kennar Briand, Chia-Ying Tu
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Status of common parasitic diseases in Korea in 2019
    Sun Huh
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2019; 62(8): 437.     CrossRef
  • Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among pre-school children in Taipei, Taiwan
    Kuang-Yao Chen, Chuan-Min Yen, Kao-Pin Hwang, Lian-Chen Wang
    Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection.2018; 51(4): 559.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence ofEnterobius vermicularisamong preschool children in 2003 and 2013 in Xinxiang city, Henan province, Central China
    Shuai Wang, Zhijun Yao, Yichen Hou, Dong Wang, Haizhu Zhang, Jingbo Ma, Luwen Zhang, Shiguo Liu
    Parasite.2016; 23: 30.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for Enterobius vermicularis infection in children in Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
    Hong-Mei Li, Chang-Hai Zhou, Zhi-Shi Li, Zhuo-Hui Deng, Cai-Wen Ruan, Qi-Ming Zhang, Ting-Jun Zhu, Long-Qi Xu, Ying-Dan Chen
    Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • High Prevalence of <i>Enterobius vermicularis</i> Infection among Schoolchildren in Three Townships around Yangon, Myanmar
    Jong-Yil Chai, Seung Koo Yang, Jae Won Kim, Soo-Lyoen Choi, Gyu-Young Song, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min-Jae Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Deok-Gyu Kim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Seon Cho, Jong-Bok Park, Sooji Hong, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(6): 771.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Update on Parasitic Diseases
    Min Seo
    Korean Journal of Medicine.2013; 85(5): 469.     CrossRef
  • 10,345 View
  • 144 Download
  • Crossref
Trichinella spiralis Infection Suppressed Gut Inflammation with CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T Cell Recruitment
Min Kyoung Cho, Mi Kyung Park, Shin Ae Kang, Seon Hee Choi, Soon Cheol Ahn, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):385-390.
Published online November 26, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.385

In order to know the effect of pre-existing Trichinella spiralis infection on experimentally induced intestinal inflammation and immune responses, we induced colitis in T. spiralis-infected mice and observed the severity of colitis and the levels of Th1, Th2, and regulatory cytokines and recruitment of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T (regulatory T; Treg) cells. Female C57BL/6 mice were infected with 250 muscle larvae; after 4 weeks, induction of experimental colitis was performed using 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). During the induction period, we observed severity of colitis, including weight loss and status of stool, and evaluated the disease activity index (DAI). A significantly low DAI and degree of weight loss were observed in infected mice, compared with uninfected mice. In addition, colon length in infected mice was not contracted, compared with uninfected mice. We also observed a significant increase in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IFN-γ, in spleen lymphocytes treated with DSS; however, such an increase was not observed in infected mice treated with DSS. Of particular interest, production of regulatory cytokines, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, in spleen lymphocytes showed a significant increase in mice infected with T. spiralis. A similar result was observed in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Subsets of the population of Treg cells in MLN and spleen showed significant increases in mice infected with T. spiralis. In conclusion, T. spiralis infection can inhibit the DSS-induced colitis in mice by enhancing the regulatory cytokine and Treg cells recruitment.

Citations

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  • Helminths in alternative therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease
    Himani Pandey, Daryl W. T. Tang, Sunny H. Wong, Devi Lal
    Intestinal Research.2025; 23(1): 8.     CrossRef
  • Cathepsin L of Fasciola hepatica meliorates colitis by altering the gut microbiome and inflammatory macrophages
    Jing-Zhi Gong, Jun-Jie Huang, Ming Pan, Qi-Wang Jin, Yi-Min Fan, Wen-Qian Shi, Si-Yang Huang
    International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2025; 286: 138270.     CrossRef
  • Improved antiparasitic effects of mebendazole using chitosan and zinc oxide nanocomposites for drug delivery in Trichinella spiralis infected mice during the muscular phase
    Nabila M. Mira, Aya M. Henaish, Eman A. Moussa, Ibrahim B. Helal, Shaimaa M. Kasem
    Acta Tropica.2025; 263: 107565.     CrossRef
  • Therapeutic potentials of Trichinella spiralis in immune disorders: From allergy to autoimmunity
    Minkyoung Cho, Hak Sun Yu
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(2): 123.     CrossRef
  • Trichinella-derived protein ameliorates colitis by altering the gut microbiome and improving intestinal barrier function
    Shao Rong Long, Wen Xuan Shang, Hui Ran Zhang, Miao Jiang, Jing Jing Wang, Ruo Dan Liu, Zhong Quan Wang, Jing Cui, Hualei Sun
    International Immunopharmacology.2024; 127: 111320.     CrossRef
  • The gut microbiota is essential for Trichinella spiralis—evoked suppression of colitis
    Hualei Sun, Shao Rong Long, Miao Jiang, Hui Ran Zhang, Jing Jing Wang, Zi Xuan Liao, Jing Cui, Zhong Quan Wang, Subbaraman Babu
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(11): e0012645.     CrossRef
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    Maria Jose Garcia-Bonete, Anandi Rajan, Francesco Suriano, Elena Layunta
    Life.2023; 13(8): 1765.     CrossRef
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    Pritha Chakraborty, Vivekanandhan Aravindhan, Suprabhat Mukherjee
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    F. Bruschi, D.S. Ashour, A.A. Othman
    Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2022; 27: e00164.     CrossRef
  • Trichinella Infection Ameliorated Vincristine-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice
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  • Immune Protection of a Helminth Protein in the DSS-Induced Colitis Model in Mice
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  • Trichinella spiralis:inflammation modulator
    Jing Ding, Xiaolei Liu, Xue Bai, Yang Wang, Jian Li, Chun Wang, Shicun Li, Mingyuan Liu, Xuelin Wang
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  • Infection with Toxocara canis Inhibits the Production of IgE Antibodies to α-Gal in Humans: Towards a Conceptual Framework of the Hygiene Hypothesis?
    Adnan Hodžić, Lourdes Mateos-Hernández, Emilie Fréalle, Patricia Román-Carrasco, Pilar Alberdi, Muriel Pichavant, Veronica Risco-Castillo, Delphine Le Roux, Jérôme Vicogne, Wolfgang Hemmer, Herbert Auer, Ines Swoboda, Georg Duscher, José de la Fuente, Ale
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    Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • Allergenicity of two Anisakis simplex allergens evaluated in vivo using an experimental mouse model
    Min Kyoung Cho, Mi Kyung Park, Shin Ae Kang, Maria Luisa Caballero, Teresa Perez-Pinar, Rosa Rodriguez-Perez, Mee Sun Ock, Hee Jae Cha, Yeon Chul Hong, Hak Sun Yu
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  • 94 Download
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Original Articles
A 24 kDa Excretory-Secretory Protein of Anisakis simplex Larvae Could Elicit Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice
Hye-Kyung Park, Min Kyoung Cho, Mi Kyung Park, Shin Ae Kang, Yun Seong Kim, Ki Uk Kim, Min Ki Lee, Mee Sun Ock, Hee Jae Cha, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):373-380.
Published online December 16, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.373

We have reported that a 24 kDa protein (22U homologous; As22U) of Anisakis simplex larvae could elicit several Th2-related chemokine gene expressions in the intestinal epithelial cell line which means that As22U may play a role as an allergen. In order to determine the contribution of As22U to allergic reactions, we treated mice with 6 times intra-nasal application of recombinant As22U (rAs22U). In the group challenged with rAs22U and ovalbumin (OVA), the number of eosinophils in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly increased, as compared to the group receiving only OVA. In addition, mice treated with rAs22U and OVA showed significantly increased airway hyperresponsiveness. Thus, severe inflammation around the airway and immune cell recruitment was observed in mice treated with rAs22U plus OVA. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 cytokines in the BALF increased significantly after treatment with rAs22U and OVA. Similarly, the levels of anti-OVA specific IgE and IgG1 increased in mice treated with rAs22U and OVA, compared to those treated only with OVA. The Gro-α (CXCL1) gene expression in mouse lung epithelial cells increased instantly after treatment with rAs22U, and allergy-specific chemokines eotaxin (CCL11) and thymus-and-activation-regulated-chemokine (CCL17) gene expressions significantly increased at 6 hr after treatment. In conclusion, rAs22U may induce airway allergic inflammation, as the result of enhanced Th2 and Th17 responses.

Citations

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  • Anisakis pegreffii Extract Induces Airway Inflammation with Airway Remodeling in a Murine Model System
    Jun Ho Choi, Ju Yeong Kim, Myung-hee Yi, Myungjun Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Kalman Imre
    BioMed Research International.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ju Yeong Kim, Myung-Hee Yi, Tai-Soon Yong
    Current Protein & Peptide Science.2020; 21(2): 186.     CrossRef
  • Research Note. Prevalence, protein analysis and possible preventive measures against zoonotic anisakid larvae isolated from marine Atherina fish
    M. Samir, M. A. Amin, A. O. Hassan, A. M. Merwad, M. A. I. Awadallah
    Helminthologia.2015; 52(4): 375.     CrossRef
  • Allergenicity of two Anisakis simplex allergens evaluated in vivo using an experimental mouse model
    Min Kyoung Cho, Mi Kyung Park, Shin Ae Kang, Maria Luisa Caballero, Teresa Perez-Pinar, Rosa Rodriguez-Perez, Mee Sun Ock, Hee Jae Cha, Yeon Chul Hong, Hak Sun Yu
    Experimental Parasitology.2014; 146: 71.     CrossRef
  • Alteration of Cytokine Production during Visceral Larva Migrans by Toxascaris leonina in Mice
    Shin Ae Kang, Mi-Kyung Park, Min Kyoung Cho, Hak Sun Yu
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(5): 583.     CrossRef
  • 9,359 View
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Parasitic Helminth Cystatin Inhibits DSS-Induced Intestinal Inflammation Via IL-10+F4/80+ Macrophage Recruitment
Sung Won Jang, Min Kyoung Cho, Mi Kyung Park, Shin Ae Kang, Byoung-Kuk Na, Soon Cheol Ahn, Dong-Hee Kim, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):245-254.
Published online September 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.245

Many immune down-regulatory molecules have been isolated from parasites, including cystatin (cystain protease inhibitor). In a previous study, we isolated and characterized Type I cystatin (CsStefin-1) of the liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis. To investigate whether the CsStefin-1 might be a new host immune modulator, we induced intestinal inflammation in mice by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and treated them with recombinant CsStefin-1 (rCsStefin-1). The disease activity index (DAI) increased in DSS only-treated mice. In contrast, the DAI value was significantly reduced in rCsStefin-1-treated mice than DSS only-treated mice. In addition, the colon length of DSS only-treated mice was shorter than that of rCsStefin-1 treated mice. The secretion levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were significantly increased by DSS treatment, but the level of TNF-α in MLNs was significantly decreased by rCsStefin-1 treatment. IL-10 production in both spleen and MLNs was significantly increased, and IL-10+F4/80+ macrophage cells were significantly increased in the spleen and MLNs of rCsStefin-1 treated mice after DSS treatment. In conclusion, rCsStefin-1 could reduce the intestinal inflammation occurring after DSS treatment, these effects might be related with recruitment of IL-10 secreting macrophages.

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Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Is Involved in Th2 Responses against Trichinella spiralis Infection
Mi Kyung Park, Min Kyoung Cho, Shin Ae Kang, Hye-Kyung Park, Yun Seong Kim, Ki Uk Kim, Soon Cheol Ahn, Dong-Hee Kim, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):235-243.
Published online September 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.235

In order to get a better understanding of the role of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in type 2 helper T (Th2) cell responses against Trichinella spiralis infection, we analyzed Th2 responses in T. spiralis-infected PAR2 knockout (KO) mice. The levels of the Th2 cell-secreted cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were markedly reduced in the PAR2 KO mice as compared to the wild type mice following infection with T. spiralis. The serum levels of parasite-specific IgE increased significantly in the wild type mice as the result of T. spiralis infection, but this level was not significantly increased in PAR2 KO mice. The expression level of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25, and eotaxin gene (the genes were recently known as Th2 response initiators) of mouse intestinal epithelial cells were increased as the result of treatment with T. spiralis excretory-secretory proteins. However, the expression of these chemokine genes was inhibited by protease inhibitor treatments. In conclusion, PAR2 might involve in Th2 responses against T. spiralis infection.

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Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Anisakis simplex Larvae among Health-Examined Residents in Three Hospitals of Southern Parts of Korea
Jung Kim, Jin Ok Jo, Seon Hee Choi, Min Kyoung Cho, Hak Sun Yu, Hee Jae Cha, Meesun Ock
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(2):139-144.
Published online June 14, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.139

The present study was performed to estimate the seroprevalence of larval Anisakis simplex infection among the residents health-examined in 3 hospitals in southern parts of Korea. A total of 498 serum samples (1 serum per person) were collected in 3 hospitals in Busan Metropolitan city, Masan city, and Geoje city in Gyeongsangnam-do (Province) and were examined by IgE-ELISA and IgE-western blotting with larval A. simplex crude extract and excretory-secretory products (ESP). The prevalence of antibody positivity was 5.0% and 6.6% with ELISA against crude extracts and ESP, respectively. It was also revealed that infection occurred throughout all age groups and higher in females than in males. A specific protein band of 130 kDa was detected from 10 patients with western blot analysis against crude extract and ESP among those who showed positive results by ELISA. Our study showed for the first time the seroprevalence of anisakiasis in Korea. The allergen of 130 kDa can be a candidate for serologic diagnosis of anisakiasis.

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Parents' Knowledge about Enterobiasis Might Be One of the Most Important Risk Factors for Enterobiasis in Children
Dong-Hee Kim, Hyun-Mi Son, Joo Young Kim, Min Kyoung Cho, Mee Kyung Park, Sin Ye Kang, Bo Young Kim, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(2):121-126.
Published online June 17, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.121

To know the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection and what are the most important risk factors, we evaluated the incidence and risk factors of enterobiasis among children attended in kindergartens in Busan metropolitan city, Republic of Korea. A total of 1,674 children from 21 kindergartens in 11 of 16 autonomous districts of Busan were evaluated for E. vermicularis infection by the cellotape anal swab technique. The overall egg-positive rate for E. vermicularis was 10.7% (179/1,674), and the prevalence of enterobiasis in each kindergarten ranged between 0% and 32.4%. There was an increasing tendency of the egg positive rate according to the population density; the higher the population density communities had, the higher egg-positive rate for E. vermicularis was detected (P = 0.001). Among personal hygiene factors involving children, thumb-sucking (P = 0.036) and fingernail-trimming (P = 0.024) were highly associated with enterobiasis. In addition, taking anthelmintic medications against E. vermicularis infection was strongly associated with enterobiasis (P = 0.014). Moreover, parents' knowledge of enterobiasis was correlated significantly with the incidence of enterobiasis of their children (P = 0.006). In conclusion, we need to consider not only personal hygiene but also parents' knowledge about enterobiasis as a factor in order to develop new strategies for elimination or to complete reduction of enterobiasis in Korea.

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Endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Domestic Tap Water in Korea
Seon Hee Choi, Min Kyoung Cho, Soon Cheol Ahn, Ji Eun Lee, Jong Soo Lee, Dong-Hee Kim, Ying-Hua Xuan, Yeon Chul Hong, Hyun Hee Kong, Dong Il Chung, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):337-344.
Published online December 1, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.337

In a previous study, we reported our discovery of Acanthamoeba contamination in domestic tap water; in that study, we determined that some Acanthamoeba strains harbor endosymbiotic bacteria, via our molecular characterization by mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mt DNA RFLP). Five (29.4%) among 17 Acanthamoeba isolates contained endosymbionts in their cytoplasm, as demonstrated via orcein staining. In order to estimate their pathogenicity, we conducted a genetic characterization of the endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba isolated from domestic tap water via 16S rDNA sequencing. The endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba sp. KA/WP3 and KA/WP4 evidenced the highest level of similarity, at 97% of the recently published 16S rDNA sequence of the bacterium, Candidatus Amoebophilus asiaticus. The endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba sp. KA/WP8 and KA/WP12 shared a 97% sequence similarity with each other, and were also highly similar to Candidatus Odyssella thessalonicensis, a member of the α-proteobacteria. The endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. KA/WP9 exhibits a high degree of similarity (85-95%) with genus Methylophilus, which is not yet known to harbor any endosymbionts. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, to show that Methylophilus spp. can live in the cytoplasm of Acanthamoeba.

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Hae Kyung Park, Seong Won Chang, Se Won Kang, Min Kyoung Cho, Sun Hee Choi, Yeon Chul Hong, Yong Seok Lee, Hae Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu
Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):59-63.
Published online June 20, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.59

In order to obtain greater insight into the relevant genomic expression patterns of Trichinella spiralis, 992 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were collected from a cDNA library of T. spiralis muscle stage larvae and assembled into 60 clusters and 385 singletons. Of them, 445 (44.7%) ESTs were annotated to their homologous genes, and small fractions were matched to known genes of nematodes. The annotated ESTs were classified into 25 eukaryotic orthologous groups (KOG). Cytochrome C oxidase (34 clones) was found to be most frequent species.

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