Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Myeong Heon Shin"

Original Articles

Dynamin 2-mediated endocytosis of BLT1 is required for IL-8 production in HMC-1 cells induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products: Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(3):281-293.
Published online August 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24049

We previously reported that leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) contained in Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP) play an essential role in interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in human mast cell line (HMC-1 cells) via LTB₄ receptor (BLT)-mediated Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-_кB) activation. Dynamin, a GTPase, has been known to be involved in endocytosis of receptors for signaling of production of cytokine or chemokines. In the present study, we investigated the role of dynamin-mediated BLT1 endocytosis in TvSP-induced IL-8 production. When HMC-1 cells were transfected with BLT1 or BLT2 siRNA, TvSP-induced IL-8 production was significantly inhibited compared with that in cells transfected with control siRNA. In addition, pretreatment of HMC-1 cells with a dynamin inhibitor (Dynasore) reduced IL-8 production induced by TvSP or LTB₄. TvSP- or LTB₄- induced phosphorylation of NF-_кB was also attenuated by pretreatment with Dynasore. After exposing HMC-1 cells to TvSP or LTB₄, BLT1 was translocated from the intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane within 30 min. At 60 min after stimulation with TvSP or LTB₄, BLT1 remigrated from the cell surface to intracellular areas. Pretreatment of HMC-1 cells with dynamin-2 siRNA blocked internalization of BLT1 induced by TvSP or LTB₄. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that dynamin-2 strongly interacted with BLT1 60 min after stimulation with TvSP or LTB₄. These results suggest that T. vaginalis-secreted LTB₄ induces IL-8 production in HMC-1 cells via dynamin 2-mediated endocytosis of BLT1 and phosphorylation of NF-_кB.

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Detection of trichomonads in induced sputum from asthma patients in Korea
Myung-hee Yi, Myungjun Kim, Jun Ho Choi, Yoon Hee Cho, Hyun Kyung Oh, Jung-Won Park, Ju Yeong Kim
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(3): 254. CrossRef

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CysLT receptor-mediated NOX2 activation is required for IL-8 production in HMC-1 cells induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products: Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(3):270-280.
Published online August 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24046

Abstract
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Trichomoniasis is caused by a sexually transmitted flagellate protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP) contain lipid mediators such as leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) and various cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) which included LTC₄, LTD₄, and LTE₄. However, the signaling mechanisms by which T. vaginalis-induced CysLTs stimulate interleukin (IL)-8 production in human mast cells remain unclear. In this study, we investigated these mechanisms in human mast cells (HMC-1). Stimulation with TvSP resulted in increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation compared to unstimulated cells. Pre-treatment with NOX2 inhibitors such as diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) or apocynin significantly reduced ROS production in TvSP-stimulated HMC-1 cells. Additionally, TvSP stimulation increased NOX2 protein expression and the translocation of p47^phox from the cytosol to the membrane. Pretreatment of HMC-1 cells with PI3K or PKC inhibitors reduced TvSP-induced p47^phox translocation and ROS generation. Furthermore, NOX2 inhibitors or NOX2 siRNA prevented CREB phosphorylation and IL-8 gene expression or protein secretion induced by TvSP. Pretreatment with a CysLTR antagonist significantly inhibited TvSP-induced ROS production, CREB phosphorylation, and IL-8 production. These results indicate that CysLT-mediated activation of NOX2 plays a crucial role in ROS-dependent IL-8 production in human mast cells stimulated by T. vaginalis-secreted CysLTs. These findings enhance our understanding of the inflammatory response in trichomoniasis and may inform the development of targeted therapies to mitigate this response.

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Untargeted metabolomics reveals postoperative metabolic dynamics in hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients
Kahaer Tuerxun, Abudouxikuer Abudoumijiti, Zainuer Yusupu, Rousitaimujiang Yimamu, Ronghua Tang, Ziru Wang, Abudoukeyimu Yasheng, Irshat Ibrahim, Yuanquan Wu
Immunobiology.2025; 230(4): 153099. CrossRef
Radical-induced lipid oxidation produces a torrent of leukotriene-like agonists in severe asthma
Si-Yang Liu, Mikhail Linetsky, Abby Hite, Yu-Shiuan Cheng, Masaru Miyagi, Serena C. Zhu, Hong Zeng, Siqi Huang, Myra Qin, Emma Sintic, Carolyn M. Koutures, Abigail Meneses, Olivia R. Laniak, Sailaja Paruchuri, Lakshminarayan R. Teegala, Kaixi Cui, Fariba
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Involvement of NOX2-derived ROS in human hepatoma HepG2 cell death induced by Entamoeba histolytica: Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(4):388-396.
Published online November 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23094

Abstract
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Entamoeba histolytica is an enteric tissue-invasive protozoan parasite causing amoebic colitis and liver abscesses in humans. Amoebic contact with host cells activates intracellular signaling pathways that lead to host cell death via generation of caspase-3, calpain, Ca²⁺ elevation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We previously reported that various NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are responsible for ROS-dependent death of various host cells induced by amoeba. In the present study, we investigated the specific NOX isoform involved in ROS-dependent death of hepatocytes induced by amoebas. Co-incubation of hepatoma HepG2 cells with live amoebic trophozoites resulted in remarkably increased DNA fragmentation compared to cells incubated with medium alone. HepG2 cells that adhered to amoebic trophozoites showed strong dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) fluorescence, suggesting intracellular ROS accumulation within host cells stimulated by amoebic trophozoites. Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with the general NOX inhibitor DPI or NOX2-specific inhibitor GSK 2795039 reduced Entamoeba-induced ROS generation. Similarly, Entamoeba-induced LDH release from HepG2 cells was effectively inhibited by pretreatment with DPI or GSK 2795039. In NOX2-silenced HepG2 cells, Entamoeba-induced LDH release was also significantly inhibited compared with controls. Taken together, the results support an important role of NOX2-derived ROS in hepatocyte death induced by E. histolytica.

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CysLT receptor-mediated NOX2 activation is required for IL-8 production in HMC-1 cells induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products
Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(3): 270. CrossRef
Optimization of 18 S rRNA metabarcoding for the simultaneous diagnosis of intestinal parasites
Dongjun Kang, Jun Ho Choi, Myungjun Kim, Sohyeon Yun, Singeun Oh, Myung-hee Yi, Tai-Soon Yong, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin, Ju Yeong Kim
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Mini Review

Signaling Role of NADPH Oxidases in ROS-Dependent Host Cell Death Induced by Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica: Young Ah Lee, Seobo Sim, Kyeong Ah Kim, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):155-161.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.155

Abstract
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All living organisms are destined to die. Cells, the core of those living creatures, move toward the irresistible direction of death. The question of how to die is critical and is very interesting. There are various types of death in life, including natural death, accidental death, questionable death, suicide, and homicide. The mechanisms and molecules involved in cell death also differ depending on the type of death. The dysenteric amoeba, E. histolytica, designated by the German zoologist Fritz Schaudinn in 1903, has the meaning of tissue lysis; i.e., tissue destroying, in its name. It was initially thought that the amoebae lyse tissue very quickly leading to cell death called necrosis. However, advances in measuring cell death have allowed us to more clearly investigate the various forms of cell death induced by amoeba. Increasing evidence has shown that E. histolytica can cause host cell death through induction of various intracellular signaling pathways. Understanding of the mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in host cell death induced by amoeba can provide new insights on the tissue pathology and parasitism in human amoebiasis. In this review, we emphasized on the signaling role of NADPH oxidases in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cell death by pathogenic E. histolytica.

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Involvement of NOX2-derived ROS in human hepatoma HepG2 cell death induced by Entamoeba histolytica
Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 388. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Naegleria fowleri Induces Jurkat T Cell Death via O-deGlcNAcylation: Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(5):501-505.
Published online October 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.5.501

Abstract
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The pathogenic free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a fatal infection, by penetrating the nasal mucosa and migrating to the brain via the olfactory nerves. N. fowleri can induce host cell death via lytic necrosis. Similar to phosphorylation, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is involved in various cell-signaling processes, including apoptosis and proliferation, with O-GlcNAc addition and removal regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. However, the detailed mechanism of host cell death induced by N. fowleri is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether N. fowleri can induce the modulation of O-GlcNAcylated proteins during cell death in Jurkat T cells. Co-incubation with live N. fowleri trophozoites increased DNA fragmentation. In addition, incubation with N. fowleri induced a dramatic reduction in O-GlcNAcylated protein levels in 30 min. Moreover, pretreatment of Jurkat T cells with the OGA inhibitor PUGNAc prevented N. fowleri–induced O-deGlcNAcylation and DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that O-deGlcNAcylation is an important signaling process that occurs during Jurkat T cell death induced by N. fowleri.

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Primary amebic meningoencephalitis in children: A case report and literature review
Binbin Song, Junwen Zheng, Dongchi Zhao
IDCases.2024; 37: e02028. CrossRef

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Phylogenetic Characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato in Uzbekistan: Hye-Jin Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Myeong Heon Shin, Kyu-Jae Lee, Gab-Man Park, Uktamjon Suvonkulov, Dmitriy Kovalenko, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):205-210.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.205

Echinococcosis occurs mainly in areas with heavy livestock farming, such as Central Asia, America, and Australia. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) infection causes echinococcosis in intermediate hosts, such as sheep, cattle, goats, camels, and horses. Numerous cases of echinococcosis occur in Uzbekistan as stock farming is a primary industry. Epidemiological and genetic studies of E. granulosus s.l. are very important for mitigating its impact on public health and the economy; however, there are no such studies on E. granulosus s.l. in Uzbekistan. In the present study, to determine which genotypes exist and are transmitted, we isolated Echinococcus sp. from definitive hosts (one isolate each from jackal and dog) and intermediate hosts (52 isolates from humans and 6 isolates from sheep) in Uzbekistan and analyzed the isolates by sequencing 2 mitochondrial DNA components (cox1 and nad1). The results showed that all of isolates except one belonged to the E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) G1 and G3 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis based on cox1 sequences showed that 42 isolates from humans, 6 isolates from sheep, and one isolate from jackal were the G1 genotype, whereas the remaining 8 isolates from human and the one isolate from dog were the G3 genotype. These results suggest that the G1 and G3 genotypes of E. granulosus s.s. are predominant in Uzbekistan, and both wild animals and domestic animals are important for maintaining their life cycle. Only one isolate from human sample was confirmed to be E. eqiinus (G4 genotype), which is known to be for the first time.

Citations

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Cystic echinococcosis due to Echinococcus equinus in a Swiss donkey
Isabelle L. Piotrowski, Rosalie Fabian, Stefanie M. Ohlerth, Felix Grimm, Meret E. Wehrli Eser
Equine Veterinary Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Morphological and molecular investigation of hydatid cyst isolated from small ruminants in Rasht, Iran
Saeed Farokhpey, Soheil Sadr, Saeed Yaghfoori, Hassan Borji
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2025; 49(4): 944. CrossRef
Echinococcus species in wildlife
Thomas Romig, Marion Wassermann
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2024; 23: 100913. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Molecular Properties of Echinococcus granulosus Isolates from Various Hosts in Şanlıurfa Province
Cemile Günbegi Çalışkan, Fadile Yıldız Zeyrek
Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences.2024; 9(3): 383. CrossRef
Cystic echinococcosis in donkeys in eastern Africa
Erastus Mulinge, Eberhard Zeyhle, Cecilia Mbae, Lucy Gitau, Timothy Kaburu, Japhet Magambo, Ute Mackenstedt, Thomas Romig, Peter Kern, Marion Wassermann
Parasitology.2023; 150(5): 468. CrossRef
Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus isolated from canine in Northwest Iran
Zabih Zarei, Behnam Mohammadi Ghalehbin, Behnaz Akhoundi, Mehdi Mohebali, Zahra Heidari
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2023; 47(4): 757. CrossRef
Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in China: Epidemiological studies and systematic review
Rui‐Qi Hua, Xiao‐Di Du, Xue He, Xiao‐Bin Gu, Yue Xie, Ran He, Jing Xu, Xue‐Rong Peng, Guang‐You Yang
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Species and genotypes belonging to Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato complex causing human cystic echinococcosis in Europe (2000–2021): a systematic review
Adriano Casulli, Alessandro Massolo, Urmas Saarma, Gérald Umhang, Federica Santolamazza, Azzurra Santoro
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Insights into Human Cystic Echinococcosis in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Characteristics and Molecular Identification of Cysts
Araz Ramadhan Issa, Sardar Hassan Arif, Ayad Ahmad Mohammed, Federica Santolamazza, Azzurra Santoro, Wijdan Mohammed Salih Mero, Adriano Casulli
Pathogens.2022; 11(4): 408. CrossRef
Global distribution of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in domestic and wild canids: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Morteza Shams, Sasan Khazaei, Razi Naserifar, Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh, Davood Anvari, Fattaneh Montazeri, Majid Pirestani, Hamidreza Majidiani
Parasitology.2022; 149(9): 1147. CrossRef
Food-borne zoonotic echinococcosis: A review with special focus on epidemiology
Mughees Aizaz Alvi, Abdullah F. Alsayeqh
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Epidemiology of Cystic Echinococcosis in Rural Baluchistan, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Ihsan Ullah, Sadia Sattar, Ijaz Ali, Arshad Farid, Amin Ullah, Refaat A. Eid, Mohamed Samir A. Zaki, Muhammad Alaa Eldeen, Iftikhar Ahmed, Irfan Ullah
Pathogens.2022; 12(1): 40. CrossRef
Relevance of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class ll alleles in susceptibility or resistance to Echinococcus granulosus infection. Systematic review
Facundo Martín Cardozo, Andrea Florencia Maglioco
Data and Metadata.2022; 1: 37. CrossRef
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Caroline Conlon, Conor Grant, Helen Tuite, Catherine Fleming, Eoin Slattery
Parasitology International.2021; 81: 102249. CrossRef
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Puspa M. Sharma, Nirmal K. Thapa, Pema Tshomo, Tshewang Dema, Cristian A. Alvarez Rojas, Tenzin Tenzin, Ratna B. Gurung, Tshering Norbu, Lhatru Lhatru, Phurpa Namgyel, Chimi Jamtsho, Kinzang Dukpa, Yoenten Phuentshok, Krishna P. Sharma, Sonam Pelden, Pete
Pathogens.2021; 10(3): 330. CrossRef
Cystic echinococcosis in sheep and goats of Lebanon
Gaelle Joanny, Naunain Mehmood, Giorgia Dessì, Claudia Tamponi, Francesca Nonnis, Chadi Hosri, Urmas Saarma, Antonio Varcasia, Antonio Scala
Parasitology.2021; 148(7): 871. CrossRef
Pulmonary hydatidosis genotypes isolates from human clinical surgery based on sequencing of mitochondrial genes in Fars, Iran
Parviz Mardani, Ali Talebi Ezabadi, Bahareh Sedaghat, Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae
Blaine A. Mathison, Sarah G. H. Sapp
ZooKeys.2021; 1069: 1. CrossRef
A validated method to identify Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato at species level
F. Santolamazza, A. Santoro, A. Possenti, S.M. Cacciò, A. Casulli
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 85: 104575. CrossRef

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Prevalence of Intestinal Helminth Infections in Dogs and Two Species of Wild Animals from Samarkand Region of Uzbekistan: Tai-Soon Yong, Kyu-Jae Lee, Myeong Heon Shin, Hak Sun Yu, Uktamjon Suvonkulov, Turycin Bladimir Sergeevich, Azamat Shamsiev, Gab-Man Park; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(5):549-552.
Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.549

Abstract
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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasitic infections and associated risk factors for the human infection among the people of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Infection status of helminths including Echinococcus granulosus was surveyed in domestic and wild animals from 4 sites in the Samarkand region, Uzbekistan during 2015-2018. Fecal samples of each animal were examined with the formalin-ether sedimentation technique and the recovery of intestinal helminths was performed with naked eyes and a stereomicroscope in total 1,761 animals (1,755 dogs, 1 golden jackal, and 5 Corsac foxes). Total 658 adult worms of E. granulosus were detected in 28 (1.6%) dogs and 1 (100%) golden jackal. More than 6 species of helminths, i.e., Taenia hydatigena, Dipylidium caninum, Diplopylidium nolleri, Mesocestoides lineatus, Toxocara canis, and Trichuris vulpis, were found from 18 (1.0%) dogs. Six (T. hydatigena, Toxascaris leonina, Alaria alata, Uncinaria stenocephala, D. caninum, and M. lineatus) and 2 (D. nolleri and M. lineatus) species of helminths were also detected from 5 Corsac foxes and 1 golden jackal, respectively. Taeniid eggs were found in 2 (20%) out of 10 soil samples. In the present study, it was confirmed that the prevalences of helminths including E. granulosus are not so high in domestic and wild animals. Nevertheless, the awareness on the zoonotic helminth infections should be continuously maintained in Uzbekistan for the prevention of human infection.

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Molecular identification and phylogenetic positioning of nematodes Toxocara canis, T. cati (Ascarididae) and Toxascaris leonina (Toxocaridae) from domestic and wild carnivores in the Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan
A. E. Kuchboev, A. G. Sotiboldiyev, B. K. Ruziev, A. A. Safarov
Biosystems Diversity.2025; 33(3): e2538. CrossRef
High-Quality Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Corsac Fox (Vulpes corsac) Reveals Adaptation to Semiarid and Harsh Environments
Zhihao Zhang, Tian Xia, Shengyang Zhou, Xiufeng Yang, Tianshu Lyu, Lidong Wang, Jiaohui Fang, Qi Wang, Huashan Dou, Honghai Zhang
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Fleas from the Silk Road in Central Asia: identification of Ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides orientis on owned dogs in Uzbekistan using molecular identification and geometric morphometrics
Georgiana Deak, Alisher Safarov, Xi Carria Xie, Runting Wang, Andrei Daniel Mihalca, Jan Šlapeta
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Practical Algorisms for PCR-RFLP-Based Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato: Hye-Jin Kim, Tae-Soon Yong, Myeong Heon Shin, Kyu-Jae Lee, Gab-Man Park, Uktamjon Suvonkulov, Dmitriy Kovalenko, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(6):679-684.
Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.6.679

Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a causative agent of cystic echinococcosis or cystic hydatid disease in humans and domestic and wild animals. The disease is a serious health problem in countries associated with poverty and poor hygiene practices, particularly in livestock raising. We introduced a practical algorism for genotyping the parasite, which may be useful to many developing countries. To evaluate the efficiency of the algorism, we genotyped 3 unknown strains isolated from human patients. We found that unknowns 1 and 3 were included in G1, G2, and G3 genotypes group and unknown 2 was included in G4 genotype (Echinococcus equinus) according to the algorisms. We confirmed these results by sequencing the 3 unknown isolates cox1 and nad1 PCR products. In conclusion, these new algorisms are very fast genotype identification tools that are suitable for evaluating E. granulosus s.l. isolated from livestock or livestock holders, particularly in developing countries.

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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(9): e0011612. CrossRef
A validated method to identify Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato at species level
F. Santolamazza, A. Santoro, A. Possenti, S.M. Cacciò, A. Casulli
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Nu. Altintas, S. A. Karamil, O. Turkum, M. Akil, A. Sakarya, H. Bozkaya, J. Šoltys, Na. Altintas
Helminthologia.2020; 57(2): 91. CrossRef
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Cancer Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Activation of MAPK Is Required for ROS Generation and Exocytosis in HMC-1 Cells Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Derived Secretory Products: Giimaa Narantsogt, Arim Min, Young Hee Nam, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Gurbadam Agvaandaram, Temuulen Dorjsuren, Jamel El-Benna, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(5):597-603.
Published online October 29, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.597

Abstract
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Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that causes vaginitis and cervicitis in women and asymptomatic urethritis and prostatitis in men. Mast cells have been reported to be predominant in vaginal smears and vaginal walls of patients infected with T. vaginalis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), activated by various stimuli, have been shown to regulate the transcriptional activity of various cytokine genes in mast cells. In this study, we investigated whether MAPK is involved in ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation in HMC-1 cells induced by T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP). We found that TvSP induces the activation of MAPK and NADPH oxidase in HMC-1 cells. Stimulation with TvSP induced phosphorylation of MAPK and p47^phox in HMC-1 cells. Stimulation with TvSP also induced up-regulation of CD63, a marker for exocytosis, along the surfaces of human mast cells. Pretreatment with MAPK inhibitors strongly inhibited TvSP-induced ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation. Finally, our results suggest that TvSP induces intracellular ROS generation and exocytotic degranulation in HMC-1 via MAPK signaling.

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Dynamin 2-mediated endocytosis of BLT1 is required for IL-8 production in HMC-1 cells induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products
Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(3): 281. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis excretory secretory proteins reduce semen quality and male fertility
Zhenchao Zhang, Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lihua Guo, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei
Acta Tropica.2023; 238: 106794. CrossRef
Latent Upregulation of Nlrp3, Nlrc4 and Aim2 Differentiates between Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis Infection
Sonal Yadav, Vivek Verma, Rakesh Singh Dhanda, Sumeeta Khurana, Manisha Yadav
Immunological Investigations.2022; 51(5): 1127. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis Induces SiHa Cell Apoptosis by NF-κB Inactivation via Reactive Oxygen Species
Juan-Hua Quan, Byung-Hun Kang, Jung-Bo Yang, Yun-Ee Rhee, Heung-Tae Noh, In-Wook Choi, Guang-Ho Cha, Jae-Min Yuk, Young-Ha Lee
BioMed Research International.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
SNAP23-Dependent Surface Translocation of Leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) Receptor 1 Is Essential for NOX2-Mediated Exocytotic Degranulation in Human Mast Cells Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Secrete
Arim Min, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Jamel El-Benna, Myeong Heon Shin, Judith A. Appleton
Infection and Immunity.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Explore the variation of MMP3, JNK, p38 MAPKs, and autophagy at the early stage of osteoarthritis
Jie Shi, Changjie Zhang, Zhongjie Yi, Chunna Lan
IUBMB Life.2016; 68(4): 293. CrossRef

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109 Download
7 Web of Science
Crossref

Degradation of the Transcription Factors NF-κB, STAT3, and STAT5 Is Involved in Entamoeba histolytica-Induced Cell Death in Caco-2 Colonic Epithelial Cells: Kyeong Ah Kim, Arim Min, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):459-469.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.459

Abstract
PDF

Entamoeba histolytica is a tissue-invasive protozoan parasite causing dysentery in humans. During infection of colonic tissues, amoebic trophozoites are able to kill host cells via apoptosis or necrosis, both of which trigger IL-8-mediated acute inflammatory responses. However, the signaling pathways involved in host cell death induced by E. histolytica have not yet been fully defined. In this study, we examined whether calpain plays a role in the cleavage of pro-survival transcription factors during cell death of colonic epithelial cells, induced by live E. histolytica trophozoites. Incubation with amoebic trophozoites induced activation of m-calpain in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, incubation with amoebae resulted in marked degradation of STAT proteins (STAT3 and STAT5) and NF-κB (p65) in Caco-2 cells. However, IκB, an inhibitor of NF-κB, was not cleaved in Caco-2 cells following adherence of E. histolytica. Entamoeba-induced cleavage of STAT proteins and NF-κB was partially inhibited by pretreatment of cells with a cell-permeable calpain inhibitor, calpeptin. In contrast, E. histolytica did not induce cleavage of caspase-3 in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with a calpain inhibitor, calpeptin (but not the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk) or m-calpain siRNA partially reduced Entamoeba-induced DNA fragmentation in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that calpain plays an important role in E. histolytica-induced degradation of NF-κB and STATs in colonic epithelial cells, which ultimately accelerates cell death.

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Proteomics on choroidal neovascularization based on itraq and the protective effect of TAB1 in CNV
Yong Du, Shaoqiu Jiang, Lujia Feng, Jing Lu, Hui Peng, Xiyuan Zhou
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CAPN5 attenuates cigarette smoke extract-induced apoptosis and inflammation in BEAS-2B cells
Herui Li, Yiming Ma, Tiao Li, Zihang Zeng, Lijuan Luo, Xiangming Liu, Yi Li, Yan Chen
Tobacco Induced Diseases.2024; 22(April): 1. CrossRef
miR-146a-5p promotes epithelium regeneration against LPS-induced inflammatory injury via targeting TAB1/TAK1/NF-κB signaling pathway
Xingping Chen, Weite Li, Ting Chen, Xiaohui Ren, Jiahao Zhu, Fangxin Hu, Junyi Luo, Lipeng Xing, Hao Zhou, Jiajie Sun, Qingyan Jiang, Yongliang Zhang, Qianyun Xi
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2022; 221: 1031. CrossRef
The NF-κB Pathway: Modulation by Entamoeba histolytica and Other Protozoan Parasites
Attinder Chadha, Kris Chadee
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Entamoeba histolytica activation of caspase-1 degrades cullin that attenuates NF-κB dependent signaling from macrophages
Attinder Chadha, France Moreau, Shanshan Wang, Antoine Dufour, Kris Chadee, Dario S. Zamboni
PLOS Pathogens.2021; 17(9): e1009936. CrossRef
Entamoeba histolytica Up-Regulates MicroRNA-643 to Promote Apoptosis by Targeting XIAP in Human Epithelial Colon Cells
Itzel López-Rosas, César López-Camarillo, Yarely M. Salinas-Vera, Olga N. Hernández-de la Cruz, Carlos Palma-Flores, Bibiana Chávez-Munguía, Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio, Nancy Guillen, Carlos Pérez-Plasencia, María Elizbeth Álvarez-Sánchez, Esther Ramírez-Mo
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Gene Profile Expression Related to Type I Interferons in HT-29 Cells Exposed to Cryptosporidium parvum
Seyede Manizhe Heidarnejadi, Abdollah Rafiei, Manoochehr Makvandi, Majid Pirestani, Jasem Saki, Ataallah Ghadiri
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
O-deGlcNAcylation is required for Entamoeba histolytica-induced HepG2 cell death
Young Ah Lee, Arim Min, Myeong Heon Shin
Microbial Pathogenesis.2018; 123: 285. CrossRef
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Bruno M. Di Genova, Renata R. Tonelli
Frontiers in Microbiology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

11,204 View
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11 Web of Science
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Amoebic PI3K and PKC Is Required for Jurkat T Cell Death Induced by Entamoeba histolytica: Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Arim Min, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(4):355-365.
Published online August 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.355

Abstract
PDF

The enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of human amebiasis. During infection, adherence of E. histolytica through Gal/GalNAc lectin on the surface of the amoeba can induce caspase-3-dependent or -independent host cell death. Phosphorylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC) in E. histolytica play an important function in the adhesion, killing, or phagocytosis of target cells. In this study, we examined the role of amoebic PI3K and PKC in amoeba-induced apoptotic cell death in Jurkat T cells. When Jurkat T cells were incubated with E. histolytica trophozoites, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and DNA fragmentation in Jurkat cells were markedly increased compared to those of cells incubated with medium alone. However, when amoebae were pretreated with a PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin before being incubated with E. histolytica, E. histolytica-induced PS externalization and DNA fragmentation in Jurkat cells were significantly reduced compared to results for amoebae pretreated with DMSO. In addition, pretreatment of amoebae with a PKC inhibitor, staurosporine strongly inhibited Jurkat T cell death. However, E. histolytica-induced cleavage of caspase-3, -6, and -7 were not inhibited by pretreatment of amoebae with wortmannin or staurosporin. In addition, we found that amoebic PI3K and PKC have an important role on amoeba adhesion to host compartment. These results suggest that amebic PI3K and PKC activation may play an important role in caspase-independent cell death in Entamoeba-induced apoptosis.

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AGC family kinase of Entamoeba histolytica: Decoding the members biochemically
Azhar Ahmad, Vikas Kumar, Tushar Kushwaha, Akash Kumar, Deepak Sehgal, Krishna K. Inampudi, Somlata, Katherine S. Ralston
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Pathogenicity and virulence of Entamoeba histolytica , the agent of amoebiasis
Nancy Guillén
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Apoptotic mimicry as a strategy for the establishment of parasitic infections: parasite- and host-derived phosphatidylserine as key molecule
João Luiz Mendes Wanderley, Renato Augusto DaMatta, Marcello André Barcinski
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Entamoeba histolytica Up-Regulates MicroRNA-643 to Promote Apoptosis by Targeting XIAP in Human Epithelial Colon Cells
Itzel López-Rosas, César López-Camarillo, Yarely M. Salinas-Vera, Olga N. Hernández-de la Cruz, Carlos Palma-Flores, Bibiana Chávez-Munguía, Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio, Nancy Guillen, Carlos Pérez-Plasencia, María Elizbeth Álvarez-Sánchez, Esther Ramírez-Mo
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Phosphatidylinositol Kinases and Phosphatases in Entamoeba histolytica
Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui, Natsuki Watanabe, Tomohiko Maehama, Tomoyoshi Nozaki
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
AGC family kinase 1 participates in trogocytosis but not in phagocytosis in Entamoeba histolytica
Somlata, Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui, Tomoyoshi Nozaki
Nature Communications.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Entamoeba histolytica Induces Cell Death of HT29 Colonic Epithelial Cells via NOX1-Derived ROS: Kyeong Ah Kim, Ju Young Kim, Young Ah Lee, Arim Min, Young Yil Bahk, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):61-68.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.61

Abstract
PDF

Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amoebic colitis and occasionally liver abscess in humans, is able to induce host cell death. However, signaling mechanisms of colon cell death induced by E. histolytica are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the signaling role of NOX in cell death of HT29 colonic epithelial cells induced by E. histolytica. Incubation of HT29 cells with amoebic trophozoites resulted in DNA fragmentation that is a hallmark of apoptotic cell death. In addition, E. histolytica generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a contact-dependent manner. Inhibition of intracellular ROS level with treatment with DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidases (NOXs), decreased Entamoeba-induced ROS generation and cell death in HT29 cells. However, pan-caspase inhibitor did not affect E. histolytica-induced HT29 cell death. In HT29 cells, catalytic subunit NOX1 and regulatory subunit Rac1 for NOX1 activation were highly expressed. We next investigated whether NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1)-derived ROS is closely associated with HT29 cell death induced by E. histolytica. Suppression of Rac1 by siRNA significantly inhibited Entamoeba-induced cell death. Moreover, knockdown of NOX1 by siRNA, effectively inhibited E. histolytica-triggered DNA fragmentation in HT29 cells. These results suggest that NOX1-derived ROS is required for apoptotic cell death in HT29 colon epithelial cells induced by E. histolytica.

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Involvement of NOX2-derived ROS in human hepatoma HepG2 cell death induced by Entamoeba histolytica
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Signaling Role of NADPH Oxidases in ROS-Dependent Host Cell Death Induced by Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica
Young Ah Lee, Seobo Sim, Kyeong Ah Kim, Myeong Heon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(3): 155. CrossRef
The interaction betweenEntamoeba histolyticaand enterobacteria shed light on an ancient antibacterial response
Nancy Guillén
Cellular Microbiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
NOX4 activation is involved in ROS‐dependent Jurkat T‐cell death induced by Entamoeba histolytica
Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Arim Min, Myeong Heon Shin
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O-deGlcNAcylation is required for Entamoeba histolytica-induced HepG2 cell death
Young Ah Lee, Arim Min, Myeong Heon Shin
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GOLPH3 expression promotes the resistance of HT29 cells to 5‑fluorouracil by activating multiple signaling pathways
Ming‑Zhen Wang, Cheng‑Zhi Qiu, Wai‑Shi Yu, Yan‑Ta Guo, Chun‑Xiao Wang, Zhi‑Xiong Chen
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Infection Strategies of Intestinal Parasite Pathogens and Host Cell Responses
Bruno M. Di Genova, Renata R. Tonelli
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A whole-genome RNAi screen uncovers a novel role for human potassium channels in cell killing by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica
Chelsea Marie, Hans P. Verkerke, Dan Theodorescu, William A. Petri
Scientific Reports.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Degradation of the Transcription Factors NF-κB, STAT3, and STAT5 Is Involved in Entamoeba histolytica-Induced Cell Death in Caco-2 Colonic Epithelial Cells
Kyeong Ah Kim, Arim Min, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(5): 459. CrossRef
Protective action of NADPH oxidase inhibitors and role of NADPH oxidase in pathogenesis of colon inflammation in mice
Rima Ramonaite
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2014; 20(35): 12533. CrossRef
Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis and barrier function via common and unique mechanisms
Alí Francisco Citalán-Madrid, Alexander García-Ponce, Hilda Vargas-Robles, Abigail Betanzos, Michael Schnoor
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The EhCPADH112 Complex of Entamoeba histolytica Interacts with Tight Junction Proteins Occludin and Claudin-1 to Produce Epithelial Damage
Abigail Betanzos, Rosario Javier-Reyna, Guillermina García-Rivera, Cecilia Bañuelos, Lorenza González-Mariscal, Michael Schnoor, Esther Orozco, Johanna M. Brandner
PLoS ONE.2013; 8(6): e65100. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

NF-κB and CREB Are Involved in IL-8 Production of Human Neutrophils Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Derived Secretory Products: Young Hee Nam, Deulle Min, Soon-Jung Park, Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):291-294.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.291

Abstract
PDF

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated lumen-dwelling extracellular protozoan parasite that causes human trichomoniasis via sexual intercourse. Human neutrophils play a crucial role in acute tissue inflammatory responses in T. vaginalis infection. In this study, we investigated the signaling mechanism of neutrophil responses when stimulated with T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP), which were collected from 1×10⁷ live trichomonads. Incubation of human neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood with TvSP induced up-regulation of IL-8 protein secretion. In addition, stimulation with TvSP induced phosphorylation of NF-κB and CREB in neutrophils. Moreover, TvSP-induced IL-8 production was also significantly inhibited by pretreatment of neutrophils with iκB inhibitor or CREB inhibitor. These results suggest that transcription factors NF-κB and CREB are involved in IL-8 production in human neutrophils induced by stimulation with T. vaginalis infection.

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Trichomonas vaginalis extracellular vesicles suppress IFNε-mediated responses driven by its intracellular bacterial symbiont Mycoplasma hominis
Joshua A. Kochanowsky, Emma L. Betts, Gabriel Encinas, Johnson Amoah, Patricia J. Johnson
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
CysLT receptor-mediated NOX2 activation is required for IL-8 production in HMC-1 cells induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products
Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(3): 270. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis excretory secretory proteins reduce semen quality and male fertility
Zhenchao Zhang, Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lihua Guo, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei
Acta Tropica.2023; 238: 106794. CrossRef
Increased Angiogenesis by Exosomes Secreted by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells upon Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation
Shao-Chun Wu, Pao-Jen Kuo, Cheng-Shyuan Rau, Lien-Hung Huang, Chia-Wei Lin, Yi-Chan Wu, Chia-Jung Wu, Chia-Wen Tsai, Ting-Min Hsieh, Hang-Tsung Liu, Chun-Ying Huang, Ching-Hua Hsieh
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(16): 8877. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis‐secreted cysteinyl leukotrienes promote migration, degranulation and MCP‐1 production in mast cells
Young Ah Lee, Young Hee Nam, Arim Min, Myeong Heon Shin
Parasite Immunology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
PKA/CREB and NF-κB pathway regulates AKNA transcription: A novel insight into T-2 toxin-induced inflammation and GH deficiency in GH3 cells
Xianglian Liu, Deyu Huang, Pu Guo, Qinghua Wu, Menghong Dai, Guyue Cheng, Haihong Hao, Shuyu Xie, Zonghui Yuan, Xu Wang
Toxicology.2017; 392: 81. CrossRef
SNAP23-Dependent Surface Translocation of Leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) Receptor 1 Is Essential for NOX2-Mediated Exocytotic Degranulation in Human Mast Cells Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Secrete
Arim Min, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Jamel El-Benna, Myeong Heon Shin, Judith A. Appleton
Infection and Immunity.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of functional polymorphisms in TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 cytokine genes on mRNA expression levels and risk of gastric cancer
Juliana Garcia de Oliveira, Ana Flávia Teixeira Rossi, Daniela Manchini Nizato, Aline Cristina Targa Cadamuro, Yvana Cristina Jorge, Marina Curado Valsechi, Larissa Paola Rodrigues Venâncio, Paula Rahal, Érika Cristina Pavarino, Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo,
Tumor Biology.2015; 36(12): 9159. CrossRef
The Pathogenesis of Human Cervical Epithelium Cells Induced by Interacting with Trichomonas vaginalis
Wei-Chen Lin, Wei-Ting Chang, Tsuey-Yu Chang, Jyh-Wei Shin, Xuefeng Liu
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(4): e0124087. CrossRef

9,421 View
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Crossref

Calpains are Involved in Entamoeba histolytica-Induced Death of HT-29 Colonic Epithelial Cells: Yun Soo Jang, Kyoung-Ju Song, Ju Young Kim, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Sang Kyou Lee, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(2):177-180.
Published online June 14, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.177

Abstract
PDF

Entamoeba histolytica is an enteric tissue-invading protozoan parasite that can cause amebic colitis and liver abscess in humans. E. histolytica has the capability to kill colon epithelial cells in vitro; however, information regarding the role of calpain in colon cell death induced by ameba is limited. In this study, we investigated whether calpains are involved in the E. histolytica-induced cell death of HT-29 colonic epithelial cells. When HT-29 cells were co-incubated with E. histolytica, the propidium iodide stained dead cells markedly increased compared to that in HT-29 cells incubated with medium alone. This pro-death effect induced by ameba was effectively blocked by pretreatment of HT-29 cells with the calpain inhibitor, calpeptin. Moreover, knockdown of m- and ?-calpain by siRNA significantly reduced E. histolytica-induced HT-29 cell death. These results suggest that m- and ?-calpain may be involved in colon epithelial cell death induced by E. histolytica.

Citations

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Involvement of NOX2-derived ROS in human hepatoma HepG2 cell death induced by Entamoeba histolytica
Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 388. CrossRef
Signaling Role of NADPH Oxidases in ROS-Dependent Host Cell Death Induced by Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica
Young Ah Lee, Seobo Sim, Kyeong Ah Kim, Myeong Heon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(3): 155. CrossRef
Infection Strategies of Intestinal Parasite Pathogens and Host Cell Responses
Bruno M. Di Genova, Renata R. Tonelli
Frontiers in Microbiology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Degradation of the Transcription Factors NF-κB, STAT3, and STAT5 Is Involved in Entamoeba histolytica-Induced Cell Death in Caco-2 Colonic Epithelial Cells
Kyeong Ah Kim, Arim Min, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(5): 459. CrossRef
Entamoeba histolytica Induces Cell Death of HT29 Colonic Epithelial Cells via NOX1-Derived ROS
Kyeong Ah Kim, Ju Young Kim, Young Ah Lee, Arim Min, Young Yil Bahk, Myeong Heon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(1): 61. CrossRef
Mechanisms of Adherence, Cytotoxicity and Phagocytosis Modulate the Pathogenesis of Entamoeba Histolytica
Nathaniel CV Christy, William A Petri
Future Microbiology.2011; 6(12): 1501. CrossRef

7,571 View
57 Download
Crossref

Identification of Antigenic Proteins in Trichomonas vaginalis: Hye-Yeon Lee, Sujin Hyung, Jong Woong Lee, Juri Kim, Myeong Heon Shin, Jae-Sook Ryu, Soon-Jung Park; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(1):79-83.
Published online March 18, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.79

Abstract
PDF

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease due to infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, and it can cause serious consequences for women's health. To study the virulence factors of this pathogen, T. vaginalis surface proteins were investigated using polyclonal antibodies specific to the membrane fractions of T. vaginalis. The T. vaginalis expression library was constructed by cloning the cDNA derived from mRNA of T. vaginalis into a phage λ Uni-ZAP XR vector, and then used for immunoscreening with the anti-membrane proteins of T. vaginalis antibodies. The immunoreactive proteins identified included adhesion protein AP65-1, α-actinin, kinesin-associated protein, teneurin, and 2 independent hypothetical proteins. Immunofluorescence assays showed that AP65-1, one of the identified immunogenic clones, is prevalent in the whole body of T. vaginalis. This study led us to identify T. vaginalis proteins which may stimulate immune responses by human cells.

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Jung Won Kim, Ji Seok Lee, Yu Jung Choi, Chaekyun Kim
Biomolecules.2025; 15(8): 1174. CrossRef
Exposure of Tritrichomonas foetus to sublethal doses of metronidazole induces a specific proinflammatory response in murine macrophages
Emanuel Ceballos‐Góngora, Julio César Torres‐Romero, Victor Ermilo Arana‐Argáez, María Elizbeth Alvarez‐Sánchez, Karla Acosta‐Viana, Antonio Euan‐Canto, Leidi Cristal Alvarez‐Sánchez
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Antonio Euan‐Canto, Julio César Torres‐Romero, María Elizbeth Alvarez‐Sánchez, Victor Ermilo Arana‐Argáez, Karla Acosta‐Viana, Emanuel Ceballos‐Góngora, Laura Vázquez‐Carrillo, Leidi Alvarez‐Sánchez
Parasite Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis adhesion protein 65 (TvAP65) modulates parasite pathogenicity by interacting with host cell proteins
Zhenchao Zhang, Xiaoxiao Song, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Fakun Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Xuefang Mei, Shuai Wang
Acta Tropica.2023; 246: 106996. CrossRef
The molecular characterization and immune protection of adhesion protein 65 (AP65) of Trichomonas vaginalis
Zhenchao Zhang, Xiaoxiao Song, Zhengbo Zhang, Haoran Li, Yujuan Duan, Hao Zhang, Haoran Lu, Chengyang Luo, Mingyong Wang
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 152: 104750. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin 2 Modulates Host Immune Responses by Inducing Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells via IL-10 Production from Regulatory T Cells
Hye-Yeon Lee, Juri Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu, Soon-Jung Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(4): 375. CrossRef
TvMP50 is an Immunogenic Metalloproteinase during Male Trichomoniasis
Laura Itzel Quintas-Granados, José Luis Villalpando, Laura Isabel Vázquez-Carrillo, Rossana Arroyo, Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández, María Elizbeth Álvarez-Sánchez
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics.2013; 12(7): 1953. CrossRef
Epitopes of the Highly Immunogenic Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin Are Serodiagnostic Targets for Both Women and Men
Calvin J. Neace, J. F. Alderete
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2013; 51(8): 2483. CrossRef

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Original Article

Involvement of Src Family Tyrosine Kinase in Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils Induced by Protozoan Parasite Entamoeba histolytica: Seobo Sim, Jae-Ran Yu, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):285-290.
Published online December 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.285

Abstract
PDF

Tyrosine kinases are one of the most important regulators for intracellular signal transduction related to inflammatory responses. However, there are no reports describing the effects of tyrosine kinases on neutrophil apoptosis induced by Entamoeba histolytica. In this study, isolated human neutrophils from peripheral blood were incubated with live trophozoites in the presence or absence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Entamoeba-induced receptor shedding of CD16 and PS externalization in neutrophils were inhibited by pre-incubation of neutrophils with the broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein or the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2. Entamoeba-induced ROS production was also inhibited by genistein or PP2. Moreover, genistein and PP2 blocked the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK in neutrophils induced by E. histolytica. These results suggest that Src tyrosine kinases may participate in the signaling event for ROS-dependent activation of MAPKs during neutrophil apoptosis induced by E. histolytica.

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The Src family kinases contribute to MII arrest maintenance in aging porcine oocytes
Kateřina Kheilová, Jaroslav Petr, Dalibor Řehák, Eva Chmelíková, Markéta Sedmíková
Theriogenology.2025; 248: 117614. CrossRef
The flip side of reactive oxygen species in the tropical disease‐Amoebiasis
Sakshi Desure, Arya Mallika, Mrinalini Roy, Anupam Jyoti, Sanket Kaushik, Vijay Kumar Srivastava
Chemical Biology & Drug Design.2021; 98(5): 930. CrossRef
Differential expression of ADAM15 and ADAM17 metalloproteases in the rat brain after severe hypobaric hypoxia and hypoxic preconditioning
Elena Rybnikova, Tatjana Gluschenko, Anasthasia Galeeva, Ekaterina Tulkova, Natalia N. Nalivaeva, Natalia Z. Makova, Anthony J. Turner, Mikhail Samoilov
Neuroscience Research.2012; 72(4): 364. CrossRef

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Mini Review

Eosinophil-Mediated Tissue Inflammatory Responses in Helminth Infection: Myeong Heon Shin, Young Ah Lee, Duk-Young Min; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S125.
Published online October 26, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S125

Abstract
PDF

Eosinophilic leukocytes function in host protection against parasitic worms. In turn, helminthic parasites harbor specific molecules to evade or paralyze eosinophil-associated host immune responses; these molecules facilitate the migration and survival of parasitic helminths in vivo. This competition between eosinophil and worm leads to stable equilibria between them. An understanding of such dynamic host-eosinophil interactions will help us to uncover mechanisms of cross talk between host and parasite in helminth infection. In this review, we examine recent findings regarding the innate immune responses of eosinophils to helminthic parasites, and discuss the implications of these findings in terms of eosinophil-mediated tissue inflammation in helminth infection.

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Brief Communications

Evaluation of α-Tubulin as an Antigenic and Molecular Probe to Detect Giardia lamblia: Juri Kim, Myeong Heon Shin, Kyoung-Ju Song, Soon-Jung Park; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):287-291.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.287

Abstract
PDF

The α/β-tubulin heterodimer is the basic subunit of microtubules in eukaryotes. Polyclonal antibodies specific to recombinant α-tubulin of Giardia lamblia were made, and found effective as a probe to specifically detect G. lamblia by immunofluorescence assays. Nucleotide sequences of α-tubulin genes were compared between G. lamblia WB and GS strains, prototypes of assemblage A and assemblage B, respectively. A set of primers was designed and used to amplify a portion of the α-tubulin gene from G. lamblia. PCR-RFLP analysis of this α-tubulin PCR product successfully differentiated G. lamblia into 2 distinct groups, assemblages A and B. The results indicate that α-tubulin can be used as a molecular probe to detect G. lamblia.

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Genetic diversity and molecular diagnosis of Giardia
Yankai Chang, Junqiang Li, Longxian Zhang
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2023; 113: 105482. CrossRef
Tubulin as a potential molecular target for resveratrol in Giardia lamblia trophozoites, in vitro and in silico approaches
José Roberto Vargas-Villanueva, Filiberto Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Mariana Garza-Ontiveros, Sendar Daniel Nery-Flores, Lizeth Guadalupe Campos-Múzquiz, Dagoberto Vazquez-Obregón, Raul Rodriguez-Herrera, Lissethe Palomo-Ligas
Acta Tropica.2023; 248: 107026. CrossRef
Phosphorylation of Serine 148 in Giardia lamblia End‐binding 1 Protein is Important for Cell Division
Juri Kim, Hye‐Yeon Lee, Kyu‐Ho Lee, Soon‐Jung Park
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.2017; 64(4): 464. CrossRef
Host defences against Giardia lamblia
G. Lopez‐Romero, J. Quintero, H. Astiazarán‐García, C. Velazquez
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Characterization of Microtubule-Binding and Dimerization Activity of Giardia lamblia End-Binding 1 Protein
Juri Kim, Sara Nagami, Kyu-Ho Lee, Soon-Jung Park, Ira J. Blader
PLoS ONE.2014; 9(5): e97850. CrossRef
Zoonotic potential of Giardia
Una Ryan, Simone M. Cacciò
International Journal for Parasitology.2013; 43(12-13): 943. CrossRef
Identification of Antigenic Proteins in Trichomonas vaginalis
Hye-Yeon Lee, Sujin Hyung, Jong Woong Lee, Juri Kim, Myeong Heon Shin, Jae-Sook Ryu, Soon-Jung Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(1): 79. CrossRef

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A 27 kDa Cysteine Protease Secreted by Newly Excysted Paragonimus westermani Metacercariae Induces Superoxide Anion Production and Degranulation of Human Eosinophils: Young-Bae Chung, Hirohito Kita, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):95-99.
Published online June 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.95

Abstract
PDF

Eosinophil degranulation plays a crucial role in tissue inflammatory reactions associated with helminth parasitic infections and allergic diseases. Paragonimus westermani, a lung fluke causing human paragonimiasis, secretes a large amount of cysteine proteases, which are involved in nutrient uptake, tissue invasion, and modulation of hos's immune responses. There is, however, limited information about the response of eosinophils to direct stimulation by cysteine proteases (CP) secreted by P. westermani. In the present study, we tested whether degranulation and superoxide production from human eosinophils can be induced by stimulation of the 2 CP (27 kDa and 28 kDa) purified from excretory-secretory products (ESP) of P. westermani newly excysted metacercariae (PwNEM). A large quantity of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) was detected in the culture supernatant when human eosinophils isolated from the peripheral blood were incubated with the purified 27 kDa CP. Furthermore, the 27 kDa CP induced superoxide anion production by eosinophils in time- and dose-dependent manners. In contrast, the purified 28 kDa CP did not induce superoxide production and degranulation. These findings suggest that the 27 kDa CP secreted by PwNEM induces superoxide production and degranulation of human eosinophils, which may be involved in eosinophil-mediated tissue inflammatory responses during the larval migration in human paragonimiasis.

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Molecular and immunological characterization of cathepsin L-like cysteine protease of Paragonimus pseudoheterotremus
Tippayarat Yoonuan, Supaporn Nuamtanong, Paron Dekumyoy, Orawan Phuphisut, Poom Adisakwattana
Parasitology Research.2016; 115(12): 4457. CrossRef
Conservation and diversification of the transcriptomes of adult Paragonimus westermani and P. skrjabini
Ben-wen Li, Samantha N. McNulty, Bruce A. Rosa, Rahul Tyagi, Qing Ren Zeng, Kong-zhen Gu, Gary J. Weil, Makedonka Mitreva
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Samantha N. McNulty, Peter U. Fischer, R. Reid Townsend, Kurt C. Curtis, Gary J. Weil, Makedonka Mitreva, Aaron R. Jex
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Praveen Akuthota, Peter F. Weller
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Eosinophil and Tissue-invasive Parasitic Helminth
Myeong Heon Shin
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 238. CrossRef
Eosinophil-Mediated Tissue Inflammatory Responses in Helminth Infection
Myeong Heon Shin, Young Ah Lee, Duk-Young Min
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S125. CrossRef
The global cysteine peptidase landscape in parasites
Holly J. Atkinson, Patricia C. Babbitt, Mohammed Sajid
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M. J. G. JOHNSTON, J. A. MacDONALD, D. M. McKAY
Parasitology.2009; 136(2): 125. CrossRef

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Degranulation of human eosinophils induced by Paragonimus westermani-secreted protease: Myeong Heon Shin, Young-Bae Chung, Hirohito Kita; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(1):33-37.
Published online March 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.1.33

Abstract
PDF

Eosinophil degranulation is considered to be a key effector function for the killing of helminthic worms and tissue inflammation at worm-infected lesion sites. However, relatively little data are available with regard to eosinophil response after stimulation with worm-secreted products which contain a large quantity of cysteine proteases. In this study, we attempted to determine whether the degranulation of human eosinophils could be induced by the direct stimulation of the excretory-secretory products (ESP) of Paragonimus westermani, which causes pulmonary paragonimiasis in human beings. Incubation of eosinophils for 3 hr with Paragonimus-secreted products resulted in marked degranulation, as evidenced by the release of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) in the culture supernatants. Moreover, superoxide anion was produced by eosinophils after stimulation of the ESP. The ESP-induced EDN release was found to be significantly inhibited when the ESP was pretreated with protease inhibitor cocktail or the cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64. These findings suggest that human eosinophils become degranulated in response to P. westermani-secreted proteases, which may contribute to in vivo tissue inflammation around the worms.

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Interface Molecules ofAngiostrongylus cantonensis: Their Role in Parasite Survival and Modulation of Host Defenses
Alessandra L. Morassutti, Carlos Graeff-Teixeira
International Journal of Inflammation.2012; 2012: 1. CrossRef
Echinococcus multilocularis: Identification and functional characterization of cathepsin B-like peptidases from metacestode
Yasuhito Sako, Kazuhiro Nakaya, Akira Ito
Experimental Parasitology.2011; 127(3): 693. CrossRef
Eosinophil and Tissue-invasive Parasitic Helminth
Myeong Heon Shin
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 238. CrossRef
Eosinophil-Mediated Tissue Inflammatory Responses in Helminth Infection
Myeong Heon Shin, Young Ah Lee, Duk-Young Min
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S125. CrossRef
A 27 kDa Cysteine Protease Secreted by Newly Excysted Paragonimus westermani Metacercariae Induces Superoxide Anion Production and Degranulation of Human Eosinophils
Young-Bae Chung, Hirohito Kita, Myeong Heon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(2): 95. CrossRef
Cloning and characterization of cathepsin L-like peptidases of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes
Yasuhito Sako, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Kazuhiro Nakaya, Minoru Nakao, Akira Ito
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology.2007; 154(2): 181. CrossRef
Identification of immunodominant excretory–secretory cysteine proteases of adult Paragonimus westermani by proteome analysis
Eung‐Goo Lee, Byoung‐Kuk Na, Young‐An Bae, Seon‐Hee Kim, Eun‐Young Je, Jeong‐Won Ju, Shin‐Hyeong Cho, Tong‐Soo Kim, Shin‐Yong Kang, Seung‐Yull Cho, Yoon Kong
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Partial characterization of a 29 kDa cysteine protease purified from Taenia solium metacestodes
Ji-Young Kim, Hyun-Jong Yang, Kwang-Sig Kim, Young-Bae Chung
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2005; 43(4): 157. CrossRef

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Ultrastructural observation of human neutrophils during apoptotic cell death triggered by Entamoeba histolytica: Seobo Sim, Kyeong Ah Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Soon-Jung Park, Kyung-il Im, Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(4):205-208.
Published online December 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.4.205

Abstract
PDF

Neutrophils are important effector cells against protozoan extracellular parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amoebic colitis and liver abscess in human beings. Apoptotic cell death of neutrophils is an important event in the resolution of inflammation and parasite's survival in vivo. This study was undertaken to investigate the ultrastructural aspects of apoptotic cells during neutrophil death triggered by Entamoeba histolytica. Isolated human neutrophils from the peripheral blood were incubated with or without live trophozoites of E. histolytica and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Neutrophils incubated with E. histolytica were observed to show apoptotic characteristics, such as compaction of the nuclear chromatin and swelling of the nuclear envelop. In contrast, neutrophils incubated in the absence of the amoeba had many protrusions of irregular cell surfaces and heterogenous nuclear chromatin. Therefore, it is suggested that Entamoeba-induced neutrophil apoptosis contribute to prevent unwanted tissue inflammation and damage in the amoeba-invaded lesions in vivo.

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Original Article

A survey on head lice infestation in Korea (2001) and the therapeutic efficacy of oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole adding to lindane shampoo: Seobo Sim, In-Yong Lee, Kyu-Jae Lee, Jang-Hoon Seo, Kyung-Il Im, Myeong Heon Shin, Tai-Soon Yong; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(1):57-61.
Published online March 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.1.57

Abstract
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Total of 7,495 children including 3,908 boys and 3,587 girls from a kindergarten and 15 primary schools were examined for head lice infestation (HLI). The overall prevalence of HLI in this study was found to be 5.8%. Head lice were much more commonly detected in girls than in boys with prevalence of 11.2% and 0.9%, respectively. Sixty-nine children with HLI were treated with 1% lindane shampoo alone (group 1), and 45 children with HLI were treated with 1% lindane shampoo and oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (group 2), and follow-up visits were conducted 2 and 4 weeks later. The children who still had HLI 2 weeks after the primary treatment were treated again. At the 2-week follow-up visit, the treatment success rates of groups 1 and 2 were 76.8% and 86.7%, respectively, and at the 4-week follow-up visit, the rates were 91.3% and 97.8%, respectively. No statistically significant synergistic effect was observed for the combination of a 1% lindane shampoo and oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

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Brief Communication

Excretory-secretory product of Paragonimus westermani newly excysted metacercariae inhibits superoxide production of granulocytes stimulated with IgG: Myeong Heon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):103-106.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.103

Abstract
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It is well known that the cysteine proteases in excretory-secretory product (ESP) of Paragonimus westermani newly excysted metacercariae (PwNEM) are capable of degrading IgG in vitro. Recent evidence suggests that the IgG-coated surface, such as found on parasites, is one of the most effective physiologic stimuli for granulocyte activation. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of excretory-secretory product (ESP) of PwNEM on superoxide production of granulocytes stimulated with IgG. The 96-well plates were coated with human IgG (0, 10, 30, 100 ?g/ml) in the absence or presence of ESP. When granulocytes were incubated in the wells coated with human IgG in the presence of ESP, the level of superoxide production of granulocytes was reduced to about 90% when compared to the cells incubated in the wells coated with IgG alone. This inhibitory effect of the ESP on IgG-induced superoxide production of granulocytes was concentration-dependent. These results suggest that ESP secreted by PwNEM may be important in the control of effector functions of granulocytes stimulated with IgG in human paragonimiasis.

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