Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Paragonimus heterotremus"

Brief Communication

Evaluation of IgG4 Subclass Antibody Detection by Peptide-Based ELISA for the Diagnosis of Human Paragonimiasis Heterotrema: Pewpan M. Intapan, Oranuch Sanpool, Penchom Janwan, Porntip Laummaunwai, Nimit Morakote, Yoon Kong, Wanchai Maleewong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):763-766.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.763

Abstract
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A synthetic peptide was prepared based on the antigenic region of Paragonimus westermani pre-procathepsin L, and its applicability for immunodiagnosis for human paragonimiasis (due to Paragonimus heterotremus) was tested using an ELISA to detect IgG4 antibodies in the sera of patients. Sera from other helminthiases, tuberculosis, and healthy volunteers were used as the references. This peptide-based assay system gave sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, 94.6%, 96.2%, 100%, and 88.9%, respectively. Cross reactivity was frequently seen against the sera of fascioliasis (75%) and hookworm infections (50%). Since differential diagnosis between paragonimiasis and fascioliasis can be easily done by clinical presentation and fascioliasis serology, this cross reaction is not a serious problem. Sera from patients with other parasitoses (0-25%) rarely responded to this synthetic antigen. This synthetic peptide antigen seems to be useful for development of a standardized diagnostic system for paragonimiasis.

Citations

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An immunochromatographic test using whole blood for rapid diagnosis of human paragonimiasis and its diagnostic usefulness
Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Lakkhana Sadaow, Penchom Janwan, Rutchanee Rodpai, Oranuch Sanpool, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2024; 37: e00246. CrossRef
Development of point-of-care testing tool using immunochromatography for rapid diagnosis of human paragonimiasis
Lakkhana Sadaow, Oranuch Sanpool, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Wanchai Maleewong, Pewpan M. Intapan
Acta Tropica.2020; 203: 105325. CrossRef
Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Asia: An update
Ayako Yoshida, Pham Ngoc Doanh, Haruhiko Maruyama
Acta Tropica.2019; 199: 105074. CrossRef
A Case of Pulmonary Paragonimiasis with Chronic Abdominal Pain and Erythematous Rash in a 6-year-old Girl
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Xu Guang Qiu, Fukumi Nakamura-Uchiyama, Yukifumi Nawa, Makoto Itoh
Tropical Medicine and Health.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Expression characteristics and specific antibody reactivity of diverse cathepsin F members of Paragonimus westermani
Chun-Seob Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Dong-ll Chung, Jeong-Geun Kim, Jin-Taek Kim, Yoon Kong
Parasitology International.2015; 64(1): 37. CrossRef
North American paragonimiasis: epidemiology and diagnostic strategies
Peter U Fischer, Gary J Weil
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2015; 13(6): 779. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Molecular Variation in the Paragonimus heterotremus Complex in Thailand and Myanmar: Oranuch Sanpool, Pewpan M. Intapan, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Penchom Janwan, Yukifumi Nawa, David Blair, Wanchai Maleewong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):677-681.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.677

Abstract
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Paragonimiasis is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. Of the 7 members of the genus known in Thailand until recently, only P. heterotremus has been confirmed as causing human disease. An 8th species, P. pseudoheterotremus, has recently been proposed from Thailand, and has been found in humans. Molecular data place this species as a sister species to P. heterotremus, and it is likely that P. pseudoheterotremus is not specifically distinct from P. heterotremus. In this study, we collected metacercariae of both nominal species (identification based on metacercarial morphology) from freshwater crabs from Phetchabun Province in northern Thailand, Saraburi Province in central Thailand, and Surat Thani Province in southern Thailand. In addition, we purchased freshwater crabs imported from Myanmar at Myawaddy Province, western Thailand, close to the Myanmar-Thailand border. The DNAs extracted from excysted metacercariae were PCR-amplified and sequenced for ITS2 and cox1 genes. The ITS2 sequences were nearly identical among all samples (99-100%). Phylogenies inferred from all available partial cox1 sequences contained several clusters. Sequences from Indian P. heterotremus formed a sister group to sequences from P. pseudoheterotremus-type metacercariae. Sequences of P. heterotremus from Thailand, Vietnam, and China formed a separate distinct clade. One metacercaria from Phitsanulok Province was distinct from all others. There is clearly considerable genetic variation in the P. heterotremus complex in Thailand and the form referred to as P. pseudoheterotremus is widely distributed in Thailand and the Thai-Myanmar border region.

Citations

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Considerable genetic diversity within Paragonimus heterotremus in Luang Prabang, northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
Alongkorn Nonthapa, Rutchanee Rodpai, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Lakkhana Sadaow, David Blair, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong, Virasack Banouvong, Sakhone Laymanivong, Oranuch Sanpool
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2025; 128: 105718. CrossRef
Nuclear ribosomal transcription units in Asian Paragonimus species (Paragonimidae: Platyhelminthes): genetic characteristics, polymorphism, and implications for intersuperfamilial phylogeny
Khue Thi Nguyen, Huong Thi Thanh Doan, Linh Thi Khanh Pham, Do Thi Roan, Takeshi Agatsuma, Pham Ngoc Doanh, Thanh Hoa Le
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Paragonimus skrjabini Complex from Yunnan, China: A Brief Report
Qiu-Hong Shu, Shu-De Li, Ming Tian, Yong Meng, Shu-Mei-Qi He, Min Zhu, Miao-Miao Wang, Wen-Lin Wang
Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(1): 316. CrossRef
The potential use of mitochondrial ribosomal genes (12S and 16S) in DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis of trematodes
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BMC Genomics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1262. CrossRef
Genetic differentiation of Southeast Asian Paragonimus Braun, 1899 (Digenea: Paragonimidae) and genetic variation in the Paragonimus heterotremus complex examined by nuclear DNA sequences
Chairat Tantrawatpan, Sumonta Tapdara, Takeshi Agatsuma, Oranuch Sanpool, Pewpan M. Intapan, Wanchai Maleewong, Weerachai Saijuntha
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2021; 90: 104761. CrossRef
An outbreak of Paragonimus westermani infection among Cambodian technical intern trainees in Japan, exhibiting various extrapulmonary lesions
Yoshifumi Nakagawa, Yuki Ikematsu, Takayuki Nakanishi, Yuji Ogawa, Ryuichi Taen, Yasunori Nakashima, Hironao Okabe, Ayako Yoshida, Haruhiko Maruyama
Parasitology International.2021; 81: 102279. CrossRef
Development of point-of-care testing tool using immunochromatography for rapid diagnosis of human paragonimiasis
Lakkhana Sadaow, Oranuch Sanpool, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Wanchai Maleewong, Pewpan M. Intapan
Acta Tropica.2020; 203: 105325. CrossRef
Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Asia: An update
Ayako Yoshida, Pham Ngoc Doanh, Haruhiko Maruyama
Acta Tropica.2019; 199: 105074. CrossRef
Morphological and molecular characterization of Paragonimus caliensis Little, 1968 (Trematoda: Paragonimidae) from Medellin and Pichinde, Colombia
Carolina Lenis, Alicia Galiano, Imelda Vélez, Iván Darío Vélez, Carlos Muskus, Antonio Marcilla
Acta Tropica.2018; 183: 95. CrossRef
Gene diversity and genetic variation in lung flukes (genusParagonimus)
David Blair, Yukifumi Nawa, Makedonka Mitreva, Pham Ngoc Doanh
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2016; 110(1): 6. CrossRef
A review on the molecular characterization of digenean parasites using molecular markers with special reference to ITS region
K. Choudhary, A. Kumar Verma, S. Swaroop, N. Agrawal
Helminthologia.2015; 52(3): 167. CrossRef

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Ultrastructure of Spermatogenesis in the Testis of Paragonimus heterotremus: Nongnut Uabundit, Pipatphong Kanla, Phongphithak Puthiwat, Channarong Arunyanart, Kowit Chaiciwamongkol, Wanchai Maleewong, Pewpan M. Intapan, Sitthichai Iamsaard, Wiphawi Hipkaeo; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):669-676.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.669

Abstract
PDF

Lung fluke, Paragonimus heterotremus, is a flatworm causing pulmonary paragonimiasis in cats, dogs, and humans in Southeast Asia. We examined the ultrastructure of the testis of adult P. heterotremus with special attention to spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The full sequence of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, from the capsular basal lamina to the luminal surface, was demonstrated. The sequence comprises spermatogonia, spermatocytes with obvious nuclear synaptonemal complexes, spermatids, and eventual spermatozoa. Moreover, full steps of spermatid differentiation were shown which consisted of 1) early stage, 2) differentiation stage representing the flagella, intercentriolar body, basal body, striated rootlets, and electron dense nucleus of thread-like lamellar configuration, and 3) growing spermatid flagella. Detailed ultrastructure of 2 different types of spermatozoa was also shown in this study.

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Molecular identification of the trematode P. ichunensis stat. n. from lungs of siberian tigers justified reappraisal of Paragonimus westermani species complex
Anastasia N. Voronova, Konstantin S. Vainutis, Tatiana V. Tabakaeva, Mikhail V. Sapotsky, Nadezhda N. Kakareka, Yury G. Volkov, Irina V. Galkina, Mikhail Yu. Shchelkanov
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2022; 46(3): 744. CrossRef

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Mini Review

Paragonimus and Paragonimiasis in Vietnam: an Update: Pham Ngoc Doanh, Yoichiro Horii, Yukifumi Nawa; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):621-627.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.621

Abstract
PDF

Paragonimiasis is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. In Vietnam, research on Paragonimus and paragonimiasis has been conducted in northern and central regions of the country. Using a combination of morphological and molecular methods, 7 Paragonimus species, namely P. heterotremus, P. westermani, P. skrjabini, P. vietnamensis, P. proliferus, P. bangkokenis and P. harinasutai, have been identified in Vietnam. Of these, the first 3, P. heterotremus, P. westermani and P. skrjabini, are known to infect humans in other countries. However, in Vietnam, only P. heterotremus, found in some northern provinces, has been shown to infect humans. Even nowadays, local people in some northern provinces, such as Lai Chau and Yen Bai, are still suffering from P. heterotremus infection. In some provinces of central Vietnam, the prevalence and infection intensity of P. westermani metacercariae in freshwater crabs (the second intermediate hosts) are extremely high, but human cases have not been reported. Likewise, although P. skrjabini was found in Thanh Hoa Province, its pathogenicity to humans in Vietnam still remains uncertain. The results of molecular phylogenetic analyses of Vietnamese Paragonimus species provides new insights on the phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Paragonimus. Comprehensive molecular epidemiological and geobiological studies on the genus in Vietnam and adjacent countries are needed to clarify the biodiversity and public health significance of the lung flukes.

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Paragonimiasis in Southeast Asia: A 60-Year Bibliometric Analysis (1963–2023)
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Lung flukes of the genusParagonimus: ancient and re-emerging pathogens
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Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Asia: An update
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Moon Young Oh, Ajung Chu, Jeong Hwan Park, Jong Yoon Lee, Eun Youn Roh, Young Jun Chai, Ki-Tae Hwang
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2019; 7(24): 4292. CrossRef
Morphological and molecular characterization of Paragonimus caliensis Little, 1968 (Trematoda: Paragonimidae) from Medellin and Pichinde, Colombia
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Acta Tropica.2018; 183: 95. CrossRef
First intermediate hosts of Paragonimus spp. in Vietnam and identification of intramolluscan stages of different Paragonimus species
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A Case of Pulmonary Paragonimiasis with Chronic Abdominal Pain and Erythematous Rash in a 6-year-old Girl
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Development of an immunodiagnosis method using recombinant PsCP for detection of Paragonimus skrjabini infection in human
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A tool for mass-screening of paragonimiasis: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with urine samples
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