Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Savannakhet"

Brief Communications

Echinostoma aegyptica (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Infection in Five Riparian People in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR: Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Bounlay Phammasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(1):67-72.
Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.67

Abstract
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Human infection with Echinostoma aegyptica Khalil and Abaza, 1924 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is extremely rare. In this study, we confirmed E. aegyptica infection in 5 riparian residents living along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR. The patients revealed eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal flukes, echinostomes, and other parasites in fecal examinations using the Kato-Katz technique. Following treatment with praziquantel 30-40 mg/kg and pyrantel pamoate 10-15 mg/kg in a single dose and purging with magnesium salts, adult specimens of various helminth species were collected. Among the trematodes, echinostome flukes of 4.5-7.6 mm in length (n = 134; av. 22.3 specimens per case) were of taxonomic interest and subjected in this study. The flukes were morphologically characterized by having total 43-45 collar spines arranged in 2 alternating rows (corner spines usually 5 on each side) and compatible with previous descriptions of E. aegyptica. The patients were mixed-infected with other helminths, so specific clinical manifestations due to this echinostome fluke were difficult to determine. The present paper describes for the first time human E. aegyptica infections in Lao PDR. This is the second report of human infection (2nd-6th cases) with E. aegyptica in the world following the first one from China.

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High endemicity of Opisthorchis viverrini infection among people in northern Cambodia confirmed by adult worm expulsion
Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jaeeun Cho, Seungwan Ryoo, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Neglected food-borne trematodiases: echinostomiasis and gastrodiscoidiasis
Rafael Toledo, María Álvarez-Izquierdo, J. Guillermo Esteban, Carla Muñoz-Antoli
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1319. CrossRef
Echinostoma mekongi n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Riparian People along the Mekong River in Cambodia
Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Woon-Mok Sohn, Muth Sinuon, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 431. CrossRef

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Echinostoma ilocanum Infection in Two Residents of Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR: Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jaeeun Cho, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):75-79.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.75

Abstract
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Adult specimens of Echinostoma ilocanum (Garrison, 1908) Odhner, 1911 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) were recovered from 2 riparian people who resided along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR. In fecal examinations done by the Kato-Katz technique, they revealed echinostome eggs together with eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini (and minute intestinal fluke eggs) and hookworms. To recover the adult flukes, they were treated with praziquantel 30-40 mg/kg in a single dose and purged with magnesium salts. A total of 658 adult fluke specimens were recovered from the 2 people; 456 from case 1 and 202 from case 2. Specimens from case 1 consisted of 335 echinostomes (301 E. ilocanum and 34 species undetermined), 120 O. viverrini, and 1 Haplorchis taichui, and those from case 2 consisted of 36 E. ilocanum, 134 O. viverrini, and 32 H. taichui. Thus, the number of E. ilocanum specimens was 337 in total (average per person, 168.5). From this study, it is suggested that foodborne intestinal flukes and liver flukes are highly prevalent along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province. The present report describes for the first time human infections with E. ilocanum in Lao PDR.

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Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732. CrossRef
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Foodborne intestinal flukes: A brief review of epidemiology and geographical distribution
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Acta Tropica.2020; 201: 105210. CrossRef
Echinostoma aegyptica (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Infection in Five Riparian People in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Bounlay Phammasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(1): 67. CrossRef
Echinostoma mekongi n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Riparian People along the Mekong River in Cambodia
Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Woon-Mok Sohn, Muth Sinuon, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 431. CrossRef
Echinochasmus caninus n. comb. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Infection in Eleven Riparian People in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR
Jong-Yil Chai, Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyejoo Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Bounlay Phammasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(4): 451. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Fishborne Trematode Metacercariae Detected in Freshwater Fish from Vientiane Municipality and Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR: Han-Jong Rim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Soon-Hyung Lee, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Sithat Insisengmay; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(4):253-260.
Published online December 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.253

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Freshwater fish from Vientiane Municipality and Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR were examined by the muscle compression and artificial digestion methods to know the infection status with trematode metacercariae. In the fish from Savannakhet, 2 species of metacercariae, Opisthorchis viverrini and Haplorchis taichui, were detected. O. viverrini metacercariae were found in 6 species of fish, Puntius brevis, Hampala dispar, Esomus metallicus, Mystacoleucus marginatus, Puntioplites falcifer, and Cyclocheilichthys armatus. H. taichui metacercariae were detected in 3 species of fish, P. brevis, P. falcifer, and M. marginatus. In the fish from Vientiane, 4 species of metacercariae, O. viverrini, H. taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, and Centrocestus formosanus, were detected. Among them, O. viverrini metacercariae were found in 7 species of fish, Onychostoma elongatum, C. armatus, H. dispar, P. brevis, Cyclocheilichthys repasson, Osteochilus hasseltii, and Hypsibarbus lagleri. The metacercariae of H. taichui were detected in 6 species of fish, C. repasson, O. elongatum, C. armatus, H. dispar, Labiobarbus leptocheila, and Cirrhinus molitorella. The metacercariae of H. yokogawai were found in 9 species of fish, C. repasson, O. elongatum, C. armatus, H. dispar, Labiobarbus leptocheila, O. hasseltii. C. molitorella, Hypsibarbus wetmorei, and H. lagleri. The metacercariae of C. formosanus were detected in 4 species of fish, C. repasson, P. brevis, O. hasseltii, and C. molitorella. From these results, it is confirmed that fishborne trematode metacercariae, i.e. O. viverrini, H. taichui, H. yokogawai and C. formosanus, are prevalent in various species of freshwater fish from Savannakhet Province and Vientiane Municipality, Lao PDR.

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High prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections among residents of Savannakhet Province in Laos: Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Taek Han, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Keon-Hoon Lee, Hoo-Gn Jeong, Yong-Sang Ryang, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):213-218.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.213

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The prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections was surveyed on residents of Savannakhet Province, Laos. Fecal specimens were collected from a total of 981 residents in 4 Mekong riverside villages and examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The results revealed that the overall helminth egg positive rate was 84.2%, and the positive rate for small trematode eggs, including Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyids, or lecithodendriids, was 67.1%. To obtain adult flukes, 38 small trematode egg positive cases were treated with a 20-30 mg/kg single dose of praziquantel and purged. Diarrheic stools were then collected from 29 people and searched for helminth parasites using stereomicroscopes. Mixed infections with O. viverrini and 6 kinds of intestinal flukes were found, namely, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, Haplorchis yokogawai, Prosthodendrium molenkampi, Phaneropsolus bonnei, and echinostomes. The total number of flukes collected was 7,693 specimens (av. no. per treated person; 265.3). The most common species was O. viverrini, followed by H. taichui, P. molenkampi, echinostomes, H. pumilio, P. bonnei, and H. yokogawai. The results indicate that foodborne liver and intestinal fluke infections are prevalent among residents of Savannakhet Province, Laos.

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