Alpacas (Vicugna pacos), native to South America, were recently introduced to Korea, primarily for tourism-related activities. However, information on their parasitic infections in alpacas within the region are limited. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites in an alpaca herd on a single farm in Korea and to assess the potential risks for reinfection and interspecies transmission. Between June 2022 and June 2023 (excluding December 2022 and January 2023), fecal samples were collected monthly from a herd of 61 alpacas housed on a farm on Jeju Island, Korea. Coprological examination of 406 samples was performed using a modified McMaster technique, and parasites were identified morphologically. Six gastrointestinal parasite taxa were identified: strongyles, Trichuris sp., capillarids, Moniezia sp., Eimeria lamae, and Eimeria macusaniensis. The overall gastrointestinal parasite prevalence was 11.3%, with strongyles and Trichuris sp. most frequently identified. No seasonal trends were observed, and mixed infections were present in five animals. The prevalence was markedly lower compared with reports from Japan, Poland, and Australia, reflecting the restricted pasture access implemented by Korea’s alpaca management systems, which are primarily tourism-oriented. Neither Nematodirus spp. nor zoonotic parasites were detected. This is the first longitudinal investigation of gastrointestinal parasites in alpacas in Korea. Although the overall prevalence was low, environmental contamination and the risk of reinfection are ongoing concerns. These findings highlight the need for routine surveillance, targeted parasite control, and consistent veterinary oversight, particularly as alpaca populations expand in Korea.
In December 2011, we reported an autochthonous case of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in a 42-year-old woman in Korea. The diagnosis was based on histopathological findings of the surgically resected liver cyst. In the present study, we evaluated the serological and molecular characteristics of this Korean E. multilocularis case. The patient's serum strongly reacted with affinity-purified native Em18 and recombinant Em18 antigens (specific for E. multilocularis) but negative for recombinant antigen B8/1 (reactive for Echinococcus granulosus). In immunoaffinity chromatography, the serum also strongly reacted with E. multilocularis and only weakly positive for E. granulosus. We determined the whole nucleotide sequence of cox1 (1,608 bp) using the paraffin-embedded cystic tissue which was compared with E. multilocularis isolates from China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Austria, France, and Slovakia. The Korean case showed 99.8-99.9% similarity with isolates from Asia (the highest similarity with an isolate from Sichuan, China), whereas the similarity with European isolates ranged from 99.5 to 99.6%.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Worldwide literature on epidemiology of human alveolar echinococcosis: a systematic review of research published in the twenty-first century Sven Baumann, Rong Shi, Wenya Liu, Haihua Bao, Julian Schmidberger, Wolfgang Kratzer, Weixia Li, Thomas F. E. Barth, Sven Baumann, Johannes Bloehdorn, Iris Fischer, Tilmann Graeter, Natalja Graf, Beate Gruener, Doris Henne-Bruns, Andreas Hillenbrand, Tanj Infection.2019; 47(5): 703. CrossRef
Lasiopodomys fuscus as an important intermediate host for Echinococcus multilocularis: isolation and phylogenetic identification of the parasite Qi-Gang Cai, Xiu-Min Han, Yong-Hai Yang, Xue-Yong Zhang, Li-Qing Ma, Panagiotis Karanis, Yong-Hao Hu Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of the global pattern of genetic diversity in Echinococcus multilocularis inferred by mitochondrial DNA sequences Adel Spotin, Belgees Boufana, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Adriano Casulli, Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei, Soheila Rouhani, Amirreza Javadi-Mamaghani, Firooz Shahrivar, Paria Khoshakhlagh Veterinary Parasitology.2018; 262: 30. CrossRef
The echinococcoses in Asia: The present situation Akira Ito, Christine M. Budke Acta Tropica.2017; 176: 11. CrossRef
This study describes the first record of Bourgelatia diducta (Nematoda: Chabertiidae) from wild boars in the Republic of Korea (=South Korea). Gastrointestinal tracts of 87 Korean wild boars (Sus scrofa coreanus) hunted in mountains in the south-western part of South Korea between 2009 and 2012 were examined for their visceral helminths. B. diducta, as identified by morphological characteristics of the head and tail, were recovered from the large intestine of 47 (54%) wild boars. The average length of adult female worms was 11.3±0.87 mm and the thickest part of the body measured 0.54±0.04 mm in maximum width, while those of males were 9.8±0.72 and 0.45±0.03 mm, respectively. The characteristic J-shaped type II ovejector was observed in females, and the type II dorsal ray with 2 rami on each side of the median fissure was uniquely seen in males. The buccal capsule was small, relatively thin-walled, cylindrical, very short, and ring-shaped. The externodorsal ray arose from a common stem with the dorsal ray. The cervical groove was absent. The anterior extremity was equipped with 20-22 external corona radiata, 4 cephalic papillae and 2 lateral amphids around the mouth. The eggs were 66.0×38.9 ?m in average size. By the present study, B. diducta (Nematoda: Chabertiidae) is recorded for the first time in South Korea. Additionally, morphological characteristics and identification keys provided in the present study will be helpful in the faunistic or taxonomic studies for strongylid nematodes related.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Identification and Prevalence of Globocephalus samoensis (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae) among Wild Boars (Sus scrofa coreanus) from Southwestern Regions of Korea Kyu-Sung Ahn, Ah-Jin Ahn, Tae-Hoon Kim, Guk-Hyun Suh, Kyoung-Woong Joo, Sung-Shik Shin The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(5): 611. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax, a protozoan malaria parasite of humans, represents a major public health concern in the Republic of Korea (= South Korea). However, little is known about the genetic properties and population structures of the P. vivax isolates circulating in South Korea. This article reviews known polymorphic genetic markers in South Korean isolates of P. vivax and briefly summarizes the current issues surrounding the gene and population structures of this parasite. The critical genetic characteristics of major antigens of the parasite, such as circumsporozoite protein (CSP), merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) and MSP-3, Duffy binding protein (DBP), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1), and GAM-1, are also discussed.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Alternative Invasion Mechanisms and Host Immune Response to Plasmodium vivax Malaria: Trends and Future Directions Daniel Kepple, Kareen Pestana, Junya Tomida, Abnet Abebe, Lemu Golassa, Eugenia Lo Microorganisms.2020; 9(1): 15. CrossRef
Identification of an Immunogenic Broadly Inhibitory Surface Epitope of the Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein Ligand Domain Miriam T. George, Jesse L. Schloegel, Francis B. Ntumngia, Samantha J. Barnes, Christopher L. King, Joanne L. Casey, Michael Foley, John H. Adams, Photini Sinnis mSphere.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Causing Epidemic Malaria in the Republic of Korea Young Yil Bahk, Jeonga Kim, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(6): 545. CrossRef
Genetic diversity and effect of natural selection at apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) among Iranian Plasmodium vivax isolates Ahmad Reza Esmaeili Rastaghi, Fatemeh Nedaei, Hossein Nahrevanian, Nazanin Hoseinkhan Folia Parasitologica.2014; 61(5): 385. CrossRef
The association of Duffy binding protein region II polymorphisms and its antigenicity in Plasmodium vivax isolates from Thailand Patchanee Chootong, Amy M. McHenry, Francis B. Ntumngia, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, John H. Adams Parasitology International.2014; 63(6): 858. CrossRef
First imported relapse case of Plasmodium vivax malaria and analysis of its origin by CSP sequencing in Henan Province, China Ying Liu, Hong-wei Zhang, Rui-min Zhou, Cheng-yun Yang, Dan Qian, Yu-ling Zhao, Bian-li Xu Malaria Journal.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Microsatellite DNA Analysis Revealed a Drastic Genetic Change of Plasmodium vivax Population in the Republic of Korea During 2002 and 2003 Moritoshi Iwagami, Seung-Young Hwang, So-Hee Kim, So-Jung Park, Ga-Young Lee, Emilie Louise Akiko Matsumoto-Takahashi, Weon-Gyu Kho, Shigeyuki Kano, Shan Lv PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2013; 7(10): e2522. CrossRef
Population Structure and Transmission Dynamics of Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea Based on Microsatellite DNA Analysis Moritoshi Iwagami, Megumi Fukumoto, Seung-Young Hwang, So-Hee Kim, Weon-Gyu Kho, Shigeyuki Kano, Mehmet Ali Ozcel PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2012; 6(4): e1592. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax populations revisited: mitochondrial genomes of temperate strains in Asia suggest ancient population expansion Miao Miao, Zhaoqing Yang, Harland Patch, Yaming Huang, Ananias A Escalante, Liwang Cui BMC Evolutionary Biology.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
Geographical origin of Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea: haplotype network analysis based on the parasite's mitochondrial genome Moritoshi Iwagami, Seung-Young Hwang, Megumi Fukumoto, Toshiyuki Hayakawa, Kazuyuki Tanabe, So-Hee Kim, Weon-Gyu Kho, Shigeyuki Kano Malaria Journal.2010;[Epub] CrossRef
Changing patterns of the reemerging Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) during the period 1993 to 2005 are briefly analyzed with emphasis on the control measures used and the effects of meteorological and entomological factors. Data were obtained from the Communicable Diseases Monthly Reports published by the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and webpages of World Health Organization and United Nations. Meteorological data of Kangwon-do (Province) were obtained from local weather stations. After its first reemergence in 1993, the prevalence of malaria increased exponentially, peaking in 2000, and then decreased. In total, 21,419 cases were reported between 1993 and 2005 in South Korea. In North Korea, a total of 916,225 cases were reported between 1999 and 2004. The occurrence of malaria in high risk areas of South Korea was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with the mosquito population but not with temperature and rainfall. Control programs, including early case detection and treatment, mass chemoprophylaxis of soldiers, and international financial aids to North Korea for malaria control have been instituted. The situation of the reemerging vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea is remarkably improving during the recent years, at least in part, due to the control activities undertaken in South and North Korea.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Recent malaria outbreak in the USA: Risk of and response to malaria reintroduction in non-endemic regions Liwang Cui, Kami Kim Decoding Infection and Transmission.2024; 2: 100018. CrossRef
Fine-Scale Spatial Prediction on the Risk of Plasmodium vivax Infection in the Republic of Korea Kyung-Duk Min, Yae Jee Baek, Kyungwon Hwang, Na-Ri Shin, So-dam Lee, Hyesu Kan, Joon-Sup Yeom Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Spatio‐temporal incidence of malaria patients in Incheon Metropolitan City Jung‐A An, Jeong Hyeon Lee, MyungDeok Kim-Jeon, Sung‐Jong Hong, Hyung Wook Kwon Entomological Research.2023; 53(12): 609. CrossRef
Is it time for Africa to adopt primaquine in the era of malaria control and elimination? Richard O. Mwaiswelo, Hamis Kabuga, Eliningaya J. Kweka, Vito Baraka Tropical Medicine and Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Research Trends in Agenda-setting for Climate Change Adaptation Policy in the Public Health Sector in Korea Su-Mi Chae, Daeeun Kim Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2020; 53(1): 3. CrossRef
History and Current Status of Malaria in Korea Jong-Yil Chai Infection & Chemotherapy.2020; 52(3): 441. CrossRef
Application of Epidemiological Geographic Information System: An Open-Source Spatial Analysis Tool Based on the OMOP Common Data Model Jaehyeong Cho, Seng Chan You, Seongwon Lee, DongSu Park, Bumhee Park, George Hripcsak, Rae Woong Park International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 7824. CrossRef
Parasitic infections and medical expenses according to Health Insurance Review Assessment claims data in South Korea, 2011–2018 Ju Yeong Kim, Myung-hee Yi, Tai-Soon Yong, Guilherme L. Werneck PLOS ONE.2019; 14(11): e0225508. CrossRef
Application for Epidemiological Geographic Information System: An Open-Source Spatial Analysis Tool based on the Common Data Model (Preprint) Jaehyeong Cho, Seng Chan You, Seongwon Lee, DongSu Park, Bumhee Park, George Hripcsak, Rae Woong Park JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Malaria control and chemoprophylaxis policy in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces for the previous 20 years (1997–2016) Jae Hyoung Im, Kyungmin Huh, Chang-Gyo Yoon, Hyeongtaek Woo, Jin-Soo Lee, Moon-Hyun Chung, Terry A. Klein, Jaehun Jung Malaria Journal.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Colonization and Maintenance of Anopheles belenrae and Anopheles pullus From the Republic Of Korea Siriporn Phasomkusolsil, Jaruwan Tawong, Sakon Khaosanorh, Elizabeth W. Wanja, Heung-Chul Kim, Terry A. Klein, Silas A. Davidson Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association.2018; 34(4): 260. CrossRef
Assessing the impact of meteorological factors on malaria patients in demilitarized zones in Republic of Korea Se-Min Hwang, Seok-Joon Yoon, Yoo-Mi Jung, Geun-Yong Kwon, Soo-Nam Jo, Eun-Jeong Jang, Myoung-Ok Kwon Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Vector Competence ofAnopheles kleiniandAnopheles sinensis(Diptera: Culicidae) From the Republic of Korea to Vivax Malaria-Infected Blood From Patients From Thailand Ratawan Ubalee, Heung-Chul Kim, Anthony L. Schuster, Patrick W. McCardle, Siriporn Phasomkusolsil, Ratree Takhampunya, Silas A. Davidson, Won-Ja Lee, Terry A. Klein Journal of Medical Entomology.2016; 53(6): 1425. CrossRef
Synthesis and Pesticidal Activities of 5‐(2‐Cyclopropylaminopyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐4‐(thiophenyl)thiazole Derivatives Won-Sik Choi, Seok-Woo Nam, Il-Doo Kim, Seung-Han Kim, Kun-Ho Park, In-Kyung Bae, Eun-Sil Park, Hwang-Ju Jeon, Sung-Eun Lee, Lutfun Nahar Journal of Chemistry.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Fighting fire with fire: mass antimalarial drug administrations in an era of antimalarial resistance Lorenz von Seidlein, Arjen Dondorp Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2015; 13(6): 715. CrossRef
The unique distribution of the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 in parasite isolates with short and long latent periods from the Republic of Korea Youn-Kyoung Goo, Jun-Hye Moon, So-Young Ji, Dong-Il Chung, Yeonchul Hong, Shin-Hyung Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Jung-Yeon Kim Malaria Journal.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Review of Mass Drug Administration for Malaria and Its Operational Challenges Gretchen Newby, Jimee Hwang, Kadiatou Koita, Ingrid Chen, Brian Greenwood, Lorenz von Seidlein, G. Dennis Shanks, Laurence Slutsker, S. Patrick Kachur, Jennifer Wegbreit, Matthew M. Ippolito, Eugenie Poirot, Roly Gosling
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2015; 93(1): 125. CrossRef
Probability of Antibody Formation against Circumsporozoite Protein of Plasmodium vivax among Korean Malaria Patients Ho-Woo Nam, Kyoung Ju Song, Hye Jin Ahn, Zhaoshou Yang, Chom-Kyu Chong, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(2): 143. CrossRef
Colonization and Maintenance ofAnopheles kleiniandAnopheles sinensisfrom the Republic of Korea Siriporn Phasomkusolsil, Heung-Chul Kim, Kanchana Pantuwattana, Jaruwan Tawong, Weeraphan Khongtak, Anthony L. Schuster, Terry A. Klein Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association.2014; 30(1): 1. CrossRef
Development and Efficacy of Real-Time PCR in the Diagnosis of Vivax Malaria Using Field Samples in the Republic of Korea Jung-Yeon Kim, Youn-Kyoung Goo, So-Young Ji, Hyun-Il Shin, Eun-Taek Han, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung, Shin-Hyung Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Takafumi Tsuboi PLoS ONE.2014; 9(8): e105871. CrossRef
Genetic variations of ND5 gene of mtDNA in populations of Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) malaria vector in China Abdelrafie M Makhawi, Xiao-Bo Liu, Shu-Ran Yang, Qi-Yong Liu Parasites & Vectors.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
Microsatellite DNA Analysis Revealed a Drastic Genetic Change of Plasmodium vivax Population in the Republic of Korea During 2002 and 2003 Moritoshi Iwagami, Seung-Young Hwang, So-Hee Kim, So-Jung Park, Ga-Young Lee, Emilie Louise Akiko Matsumoto-Takahashi, Weon-Gyu Kho, Shigeyuki Kano, Shan Lv PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2013; 7(10): e2522. CrossRef
Mosquito Species Composition and Plasmodium vivax infection Rates for Korean Army Bases near the Demilitarized Zone in the Republic of Korea, 2011 Mi-Yeoun Park, E-Hyun Shin, Kyu-Sik Chang, Hyun Kyung Kim, Hyun-Ho Lee, Dong-Kyu Lee, Dae-Hyun Yoo, Heung Chul Kim The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2013; 88(1): 24. CrossRef
Mass drug administration for malaria Eugenie Poirot, Jacek Skarbinski, David Sinclair, S Patrick Kachur, Laurence Slutsker, Jimee Hwang Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
The polymorphism and the geographical distribution of the knockdown resistance (kdr) of Anopheles sinensis in the Republic of Korea Seunghyun Kang, Jongwoo Jung, Sanghui Lee, Heeseung Hwang, Won Kim Malaria Journal.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
Estimating the malaria transmission of Plasmodium vivax based on serodiagnosis Jung-Yeon Kim, Hyung-Hwan Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na, Yeon-Joo Kim, Youngjoo Sohn, Hyuck Kim, Tong-Soo Kim, Hyeong-Woo Lee Malaria Journal.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
Population Structure and Transmission Dynamics of Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea Based on Microsatellite DNA Analysis Moritoshi Iwagami, Megumi Fukumoto, Seung-Young Hwang, So-Hee Kim, Weon-Gyu Kho, Shigeyuki Kano, Mehmet Ali Ozcel PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2012; 6(4): e1592. CrossRef
Genetic polymorphism in pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes in relation to in vitro drug susceptibility of Plasmodium vivax isolates from malaria-endemic countries Feng Lu, Chae Seung Lim, Deok-Hwa Nam, Kwonkee Kim, Khin Lin, Tong-Soo Kim, Hyeong-Woo Lee, Jun-Hu Chen, Yue Wang, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Eun-Taek Han Acta Tropica.2011; 117(2): 69. CrossRef
Validation of Ecological Niche Models for Potential Malaria Vectors in the Republic of Korea Desmond H. Foley, Terry A. Klein, Heung Chul Kim, Tracy Brown, Richard C. Wilkerson, Leopoldo M. Rueda Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association.2010; 26(2): 210. CrossRef
Changing Patterns of Human Parasitic Infection in Korea Myoung-Hee Ahn Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 149. CrossRef
A community-directed strategy for sustainable malaria elimination on islands: Short-term MDA integrated with ITNs and robust surveillance Akira Kaneko Acta Tropica.2010; 114(3): 177. CrossRef
Geographical origin of Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea: haplotype network analysis based on the parasite's mitochondrial genome Moritoshi Iwagami, Seung-Young Hwang, Megumi Fukumoto, Toshiyuki Hayakawa, Kazuyuki Tanabe, So-Hee Kim, Weon-Gyu Kho, Shigeyuki Kano Malaria Journal.2010;[Epub] CrossRef
Recurrence rate of vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea Ki Tae Moon, Young Keun Kim, Dong Hoon Ko, Inho Park, Dong Chun Shin, Changsoo Kim Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2009; 103(12): 1245. CrossRef
Imported Malaria in Korea: a 13-Year Experience in a Single Center Hae Suk Cheong, Ki-Tae Kwon, Ji-Young Rhee, Seong Yeol Ryu, Dong Sik Jung, Sang Taek Heo, Sang Yop Shin, Doo Ryun Chung, Kyong Ran Peck, Jae-Hoon Song The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(3): 299. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax PCR genotyping of the first malaria case imported from South Korea into Japan Moritoshi Iwagami, Shigeyuki Kano, Ichiro Itoda, Seung-Young Hwang, Weon-Gyu Kho Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy.2009; 15(1): 27. CrossRef
Insecticide susceptibility and resistance of larvae of the Anopheles sinensis Group (Diptera: Culicidae) from Paju, Republic of Korea Kyu‐Sik CHANG, Jin‐Sung JUNG, Chan PARK, Dong‐Kyu LEE, E‐Hyun SHIN Entomological Research.2009; 39(3): 196. CrossRef
Epidemiological Characteristics of Imported and Locally-acquired Malaria in Singapore YCA Lee, Choon Siang Tang, Li Wei Ang, Hwi Kwang Han, Lyn James, Kee Tai Goh Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore.2009; 38(10): 840. CrossRef
Trends in parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea Eun-Hee Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Hyo-Jin Kim, Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai Trends in Parasitology.2008; 24(3): 143. CrossRef
Dynamics of positional warfare malaria: Finland and Korea compared Lena Huldén, Larry Huldén Malaria Journal.2008;[Epub] CrossRef
Rapid Diagnosis of Vivax Malaria by the SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Test When Thrombocytopenia Is Present Sei Won Lee, Kyeongman Jeon, Byung Ryul Jeon, Inho Park Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2008; 46(3): 939. CrossRef
Reemergence of Malaria in Korea Weon-Gyu Kho Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2007; 50(11): 959. CrossRef
Transition of Parasitic Diseases in Korea Soon-Hyung Lee Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2007; 50(11): 937. CrossRef
Anopheles kleini, Anopheles pullus, and Anopheles sinensis: Potential Vectors of Plasmodium vivax in the Republic of Korea Won-Ja Lee, Terry A. Klein, Heung-Chul Kim, Young-Mi Choi, Seok-Hyun Yoon, Kyu-Sik Chang, Sung-Tae Chong, In-Yong Lee, James W. Jones, Jolanta S. Jacobs, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Jae-Sun Park Journal of Medical Entomology.2007; 44(6): 1086. CrossRef
Current Malaria Status and Distribution of Drug Resistance in East and Southeast Asia with Special Focus to Thailand Kesara Na-Bangchang, Kanungnit Congpuong The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine.2007; 211(2): 99. CrossRef
Emerging Parasitic Diseases in Korea Jong-Yil Chai Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2007; 50(11): 946. CrossRef
Anopheles kleini,Anopheles pullus, andAnopheles sinensis: Potential Vectors ofPlasmodium vivaxin the Republic of Korea Won-Ja Lee, Terry A. Klein, Heung-Chul Kim, Young-Mi Choi, Seok-Hyun Yoon, Kyu-Sik Chang, Sung-Tae Chong, In-Yong Lee, James W. Jones, Jolanta S. Jacobs, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Jae-Sun Park Journal of Medical Entomology.2007; 44(6): 1086. CrossRef
First
Prev
