Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Takeshi Agatsuma"

Original Article

Distribution Status of Hybrid Types in Large Liver Flukes, Fasciola Species (Digenea: Fasciolidae), from Ruminants and Humans in Vietnam: Thi Bich Nga Nguyen, Nguyen Van De, Thi Kim Lan Nguyen, Huynh Hong Quang, Huong Thi Thanh Doan, Takeshi Agatsuma, Thanh Hoa Le; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(5):453-461.
Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.453

Abstract
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The aim of this study is to delineate ‘admixed hybrid’ and ‘introgressive’ Fasciola genotypes present in the Fasciola population in Vietnam. Adult liver flukes collected from ruminants in 18 Provinces were morphologically sorted out by naked eyes for small (S), medium (M) and large (L) body shapes; and human samples (n=14) from patients. Nuclear ribosomal (rDNA) ITS1 and ITS2, and mitochondrial (mtDNA) nad1 markers were used for determination of their genetic status. Total 4,725 worm samples of ruminants were tentatively classified by their size: 6% (n=284) small (S)-, 13% (n=614) medium (M)-, and 81% (n=3,827) large (L)-forms. All the representative (n=120, as 40 each group) and 14 human specimens, possessed maternal mtDNA of only F. gigantica and none of F. hepatica. Paternally, all (100%) of the L-(n=40) and 77.5% (n=31) of the M-flukes had single F. gigantica rDNA indicating ‘pure’ F. gigantica. A majority (90%, n=36) of the S- and 15% (n=6) of the M-worms had single F. hepatica rDNA, indicating their introgressive; the rest (10%, n=4) of the S- and 7.5% (n=3) of the M-flukes had mixture of both F. gigantica and F. hepatica rDNAs, confirming their admixed hybrid genetic status. Fourteen human samples revealed 9 (64%) of pure F. gigantica, 3 (22%) of introgressive and 2 (14%) of admixed hybrid Fasciola spp. By the present study, it was confirmed that the small worms, which are morphologically identical with F. hepatica, are admixed and/or introgressive hybrids of Fasciola spp., and able to be the pathogens of human fascioliasis.

Citations

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Description and phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal transcription units from species of Fasciolidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea)
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Identification of Adult Fasciola spp. Using Matrix-Assisted Laser/Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry
Issa Sy, Lena Margardt, Emmanuel O. Ngbede, Mohammed I. Adah, Saheed T. Yusuf, Jennifer Keiser, Jacqueline Rehner, Jürg Utzinger, Sven Poppert, Sören L. Becker
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Mini Review

Phosphagen Kinases of Parasites: Unexplored Chemotherapeutic Targets: Blanca R. Jarilla, Takeshi Agatsuma; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):281-284.
Published online December 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.281

Abstract
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Due to the possible emergence of resistance and safety concerns on certain treatments, development of new drugs against parasites is essential for the effective control and subsequent eradication of parasitic infections. Several drug targets have been identified which are either genes or proteins essential for the parasite survival and distinct from the hosts. These include the phosphagen kinases (PKs) which are enzymes that play a key role in maintenance of homeostasis in cells exhibiting high or variable rates of energy turnover by catalizing the reversible transfer of a phosphate between ATP and naturally occurring guanidine compounds. PKs have been identified in a number of important human and animal parasites and were also shown to be significant in survival and adaptation to stress conditions. The potential of parasite PKs as novel chemotherapeutic targets remains to be explored.

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Characterisation of arginine kinase intron regions and their potential as molecular markers for population genetic studies ofBithyniasnails (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae) in Thailand
Naruemon Bunchom, Takeshi Agatsuma, Narufumi Suganuma, Ross H. Andrews, Trevor N. Petney, Weerachai Saijuntha
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Molecular Neurobiology.2017; 54(9): 7262. CrossRef
Arginine kinase in Toxocara canis : Exon–intron organization, functional analysis of site-directed mutants and evaluation of putative enzyme inhibitors
Susiji Wickramasinghe, Lalani Yatawara, Mitsuru Nagataki, Takeshi Agatsuma
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2016; 9(10): 995. CrossRef
The Substrate-free and -bound Crystal Structures of the Duplicated Taurocyamine Kinase from the Human Parasite Schistosoma mansoni
Romain Merceron, Ayman M. Awama, Roland Montserret, Olivier Marcillat, Patrice Gouet
Journal of Biological Chemistry.2015; 290(20): 12951. CrossRef
Characterization of arginine kinase from the caenogastropod Semisulcospira libertina, an intermediate host of Paragonimus westermani
Blanca R. Jarilla, Kouji Uda, Tomohiko Suzuki, Luz P. Acosta, Misako Urabe, Takeshi Agatsuma
Journal of Molluscan Studies.2014; 80(4): 444. CrossRef
The role of Y84 on domain 1 and Y87 on domain 2 of Paragonimus westermani taurocyamine kinase: Insights on the substrate binding mechanism of a trematode phosphagen kinase
Blanca R. Jarilla, Shinji Tokuhiro, Mitsuru Nagataki, Kouji Uda, Tomohiko Suzuki, Luz P. Acosta, Takeshi Agatsuma
Experimental Parasitology.2013; 135(4): 695. CrossRef
Identification, sequence characterization and expression analysis of the arginine kinase gene in response to laminarin challenge from the Oriental land snail, Nesiohelix samarangae
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The Korean Journal of Malacology.2013; 29(3): 171. CrossRef
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Taurocyamine Kinase from Clonorchis sinensis: A Candidate Chemotherapeutic Target
Jing-ying Xiao, Ji-Yun Lee, Shinji Tokuhiro, Mitsuru Nagataki, Blanca R. Jarilla, Haruka Nomura, Tae Im Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Takeshi Agatsuma, Banchob Sripa
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2013; 7(11): e2548. CrossRef
Immunolocalization of arginine kinase (AK) in Toxocara canis, Toxocara vitulorum, and Ascaris lumbricoides
D. G. R. S. Kulathunga, Susiji Wickramasinghe, R. P. V. J. Rajapakse, Lalani Yatawara, W. R. Jayaweera, Takeshi Agatsuma
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Arginine kinase of the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina: Gene identification and characterization of the native and recombinant enzyme
Thomas Ilg, Margaret Werr
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.2012; 102(2): 115. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Aureobasidium-Derived Soluble Branched (1,3-1,6) β-Glucan (Sophy β-glucan) Enhances Natural Killer Activity in Leishmania amazonensis-Infected Mice: Lalani Yatawara, Susiji Wickramasinghe, Mitsuru Nagataki, Misa Takamoto, Haruka Nomura, Yasunori Ikeue, Yoshiya Watanabe, Takeshi Agatsuma; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):345-351.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.345

Abstract
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The β-glucans derived from yeast cell walls have been reported for having many immunomodulatory activities in vivo and in vitro. In this study, Aureobasidium-derived soluble branched (1,3-1,6) β-glucan (Sophy β-glucan) was checked for natural killer (NK) activity and for the production of IFN-γ and IL-4 in Leishmania amazonensis infection. The main experiment was performed with a group of female C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, orally supplemented with 5% of Sophy β-glucan and infected with promastogotes of L. amazonensis (1 × 10⁷) into the footpad. Increase in the footpad thickness with time was observed in BALB/c mice in spite of the oral Sophy β-glucan supplement, but it was less in C57BL/6 mice. The difference in overall mean footpad thickness between 'infection only' versus 'infection + glucan' groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). High NK activity in C57BL/6 than BALB/c mice was observed in 'glucan only' group compared to the control group and also in 'infection + glucan' group compared to 'infection only' group. The difference in the NK activity among these groups was significant (P < 0.05). The IFN-γ level increased at weeks 7 and 8 post-infection in C57BL/6 mice and was significantly high in 'infection + glucan' group compared to the 'infection only' group (P < 0.05). IL-4 levels did not increase up to detectable levels throughout the study. The results led a conclusion that Sophy β-glucan enhances NK activity and cellular immunity in L. amazonensis-infected mice.

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Characterization of a Toxocara canis species-specific excretory-secretory antigen (TcES-57) and development of a double sandwich ELISA for diagnosis of visceral larva migrans: R.D. Iddawela, R.P.V.J. Rajapakse, N.A.N.D. Perera, Takeshi Agatsuma; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):19-26.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.19

Abstract
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This study describes the isolation of a Toxocara canis species-specific excretory-secretory (ES) antigen and the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on this antigen. Analysis of the ES antigens of T. canis, Toxocara vitulorum, Ascaris lumbricoides and Necator americanus larval antigen was performed by SDS-PAGE followed by western blotting. A 57 kDa T. canis-specific antibody fraction (TcES-57) was identified by western blotting and labelling with anti-Toxocara antibodies (from experimental rabbits and human patients) and tracing with anti-human or anti-rabbit peroxidase conjugate. No protein fraction of 57 kDa was detected in ES or larval antigens collected from T. canis, T. vitulorum, A. lumbricoides and N. americanus. Using TcES-57, a specific anti-serum was produced in rabbits and a double sandwich ELISA was developed. This test was validated using known seropositive sera from toxocariasis patients, sera from A. lumbricoides or N. americanus patients, and 50 serum samples from cats. These tests revealed that TcES-57 antigen is specific to T. canis infection and does not cross react with sera of other related infections. Thus, ELISA based on TcES-57 antigen was proven to be an effective tool in the diagnosis of toxocariasis and studies on the role of T. canis in the epidemiology of human toxocariasis.

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