Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Young-Hoon Park"

Brief Communication

Elevated interleukin-10 levels in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis: Gee-Hyun Kim, Jae Hyuck Kwak, Young-Hoon Park; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(3):310-316.
Published online August 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22172

Abstract
PDF

In elderly patients, ocular toxoplasmosis is one of the most common etiologies of uveitis, which should be differentially diagnosed from ocular lymphoma, another common pathology of uveitis in older adults. The high level of interleukin (IL)-10 and an IL-10/IL-6 ratio higher than 1 (>1.0) are helpful parameters to diagnose ocular lymphoma. In this study, we used aqueous humor samples to detect 4 cases of ocular toxoplasmosis in patients with high levels of IL-10 and an IL-10/IL-6 ratio higher than 1. Our results show that ocular toxoplasmosis may be associated with increased cytokine levels in aqueous humor.

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Toxoplasma gondii IST suppresses inflammatory and apoptotic responses by inhibiting STAT1-mediated signaling in IFN-γ/TNF-α-stimulated hepatocytes
Seung-Hwan Seo, Ji-Eun Lee, Do-Won Ham, Eun-Hee Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 30. CrossRef
Factors related to central nervous system involvement of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma
Joo Young Kim, Jae Jung Kim, Rae Young Kim, Mirinae Kim, Young Gun Park, Young-Hoon Park
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology.2024; 262(8): 2421. CrossRef

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Original Article

Afatinib Reduces STAT6 Signaling of Host ARPE-19 Cells Infected with Toxoplasma gondii: Zhaoshou Yang, Hye-Jin Ahn, Young-Hoon Park, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):31-38.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.31

Abstract
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Specific gene expressions of host cells by spontaneous STAT6 phosphorylation are major strategy for the survival of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii against parasiticidal events through STAT1 phosphorylation by infection provoked IFN-γ. We determined the effects of small molecules of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on the growth of T. gondii and on the relationship with STAT1 and STAT6 phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. We counted the number of T. gondii RH tachyzoites per parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) after treatment with TKIs at 12-hr intervals for 72 hr. The change of STAT6 phosphorylation was assessed via western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Among the tested TKIs, Afatinib (pan ErbB/EGFR inhibitor, 5 ?M) inhibited 98.0% of the growth of T. gondii, which was comparable to pyrimethamine (5 ?M) at 96.9% and followed by Erlotinib (ErbB1/EGFR inhibitor, 20 ?M) at 33.8% and Sunitinib (PDGFR or c-Kit inhibitor, 10 ?M) at 21.3%. In the early stage of the infection (2, 4, and 8 hr after T. gondii challenge), Afatinib inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT6 in western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Both JAK1 and JAK3, the upper hierarchical kinases of cytokine signaling, were strongly phosphorylated at 2 hr and then disappeared entirely after 4 hr. Some TKIs, especially the EGFR inhibitors, might play an important role in the inhibition of intracellular replication of T. gondii through the inhibition of the direct phosphorylation of STAT6 by T. gondii.

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Small molecule kinase inhibitor altiratinib inhibits brain cyst forming bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii
Yeong Hoon Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Hwa Sun Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(2): e2409001. CrossRef
iTRAQ-Based Phosphoproteomic Analysis Exposes Molecular Changes in the Small Intestinal Epithelia of Cats after Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Bintao Zhai, Yu-Meng Meng, Shi-Chen Xie, Jun-Jie Peng, Yang Liu, Yanhua Qiu, Lu Wang, Jiyu Zhang, Jun-Jun He
Animals.2023; 13(22): 3537. CrossRef
Secretome Analysis of Host Cells Infected with Toxoplasma gondii after Treatment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/4 Inhibitors
Hye-Jung Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Hyeweon Kang, Jaehui Park, Seul gi Oh, Saehae Choi, Won-Kyu Lee, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(3): 249. CrossRef
A Human Proteome Array Approach to Identifying Key Host Proteins Targeted by Toxoplasma Kinase ROP18
Zhaoshou Yang, Yongheng Hou, Taofang Hao, Hee-Sool Rho, Jun Wan, Yizhao Luan, Xin Gao, Jianping Yao, Aihua Pan, Zhi Xie, Jiang Qian, Wanqin Liao, Heng Zhu, Xingwang Zhou
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics.2017; 16(3): 469. CrossRef
Adverse Event Profile of Pyrimethamine-Based Therapy in Toxoplasmosis: A Systematic Review
Ruben R. Ben-Harari, Elizabeth Goodwin, Julio Casoy
Drugs in R&D.2017; 17(4): 523. CrossRef
Suppressors for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/4 (HER2/4): A New Family of Anti-Toxoplasmic Agents in ARPE-19 Cells
Yeong Hoon Kim, Lokraj Bhatt, Hye-Jin Ahn, Zhaoshou Yang, Won-Kyu Lee, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 491. CrossRef

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Mini Review

Clinical Features and Treatment of Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Young-Hoon Park, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):393-399.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.393

Abstract
PDF

Ocular toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the infection with Toxoplasma gondii through congenital or acquired routes. Once the parasite reaches the retina, it proliferates within host cells followed by rupture of the host cells and invasion into neighboring cells to make primary lesions. Sometimes the restricted parasite by the host immunity in the first scar is activated to infect another lesion nearby the scar. Blurred vision is the main complaint of ocular toxoplasmic patients and can be diagnosed by detection of antibodies or parasite DNA. Ocular toxoplasmosis needs therapy with several combinations of drugs to eliminate the parasite and accompanying inflammation; if not treated it sometimes leads to loss of vision. We describe here clinical features and currently available chemotherapy of ocular toxoplasmosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Case Report

Clinical Features of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Korean Patients: Young-Hoon Park, Jae-Hyung Han, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(2):167-171.
Published online June 14, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.167

Abstract
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We report here the records of 10 consecutive Korean patients (10 eyes) with ocular toxoplasmosis which showed the typical clinical manifestations with seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii specific IgG antibodies by micro-ELISA between 2006 and 2010. Nine patients were males and 1 was female; their age was 50.5±13.8 years. The most common accompanying signs were vitritis (100%), anterior uveitis (70%), and scattered white deposit (80%). Pre-existing retinochoroidal scar was found in 1 (10%) patient. All patients received antiparasitic chemotherapy and systemic corticosteroid treatment, which resolved the presenting attack and recovered the visual acuity better than initial one in 9 patients and worse in 1. Optic atrophy, cataract, and retinal neovascularization were observed during the follow-up period and recurrence was detected in 3 eyes (30%) 6 to 20 months after the initial attack. In Korea, although rarely detected and reported, ocular toxoplasmosis needs more attention in clinical field of retinal diseases.

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