Perkinsus marinusis a major protozoan pathogen of oysters, responsible for severe mortality events and substantial economic losses in the global aquaculture industry. Rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection of this parasite is therefore essential for effective monitoring and timely control of dermo disease outbreaks. In this study, we developed and optimized a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, designated Pm-LAMP, for the specific detection of P. marinus in oyster tissues. The optimized Pm-LAMP assay, employing 5 primers and performed at 67°C, demonstrated high analytical sensitivity, consistently detecting DNA concentrations as low as 40 fg/µl and enabling accurate quantification down to 0.4 pg/µl. The assay exhibited linear amplification across a wide template range from 4 ng/µl to 0.4 pg/µl, with a strong inverse correlation between template concentration and threshold time. Specificity testing confirmed exclusive amplification of P. marinus, with no cross-reactivity observed for P. olseni, P. honshuensis, or P. chesapeaki. This study represents the first LAMP assay specifically designed for the detection of P. marinus. The Pm-LAMP assay was validated using Pacific oyster tissues and cultured P. marinusisolates originating from the USA and Korea and was benchmarked against quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Although qPCR exhibited higher sensitivity for detecting trace DNA levels, the Pm-LAMP assay produced results within 20 min while maintaining reliable detection at low DNA concentrations. Diagnostic performance evaluation showed 100% sensitivity and 90.91% specificity, with substantial agreement with qPCR (Cohen’s κ=0.811). Overall, the Pm-LAMP assay provides a rapid, robust, and field-deployable diagnostic tool for P. marinus, supporting improved disease surveillance and sustainable oyster aquaculture management.
Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a zoonotic soil-derived nematode that parasitizes the intestines of humans and animals (dogs and cats), leading to malnutrition and iron-deficiency anemia. Helminth parasites secrete calreticulin (CRT), which regulates or blocks the host’s immune response. However, no data on A. ceylanicum calreticulin (Ace-CRT) are available. We investigated the biological function of recombinant Ace-CRT (rAce-CRT). rAce-CRT showed reliable antigenicity and stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assays revealed that rAce-CRT primarily promoted the expression of T helper 2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. rAce-CRT inhibited complement-mediated sheep erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro. Our findings indicate that Ace-CRT plays an immunomodulatory role and may be a promising candidate molecule for a hookworm vaccine.
This retrospective case-control study explored the factors associated with anaphylactic shock during surgery for cystic echinococcosis (CE) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between October 2008 and September 2013. Patients who suffered from anaphylactic shock (n=16) were age-matched 3:1 to patients who did not (n=43). Multivariate analysis suggested that IL-4 levels (odds ratio=1.096; 95% confidence interval=1.015-1.185; P=0.02) and cyst size (odds ratio=3.028, 95% confidence interval=1.259-7.283, P=0.013) were independently associated with CE-induced perioperative anaphylactic shock. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and a cut-off value of 415.7 ng/ml, IL-4 showed an area under the ROC (AUC) of 0.926, sensitivity of 75.0%, and specificity of 97.7%. Using a cut-off value of 7.8 cm, cyst size showed an AUC of 0.828, sensitivity of 81.3%, and specificity of 76.7%. In conclusion, results suggest that levels of IL-4 and cyst size were independently associated with echinococcosis-induced perioperative anaphylactic shock. These results could help identifying patients with echinococcosis at risk of anaphylactic shock in whom appropriate prophylaxis could be undertaken.
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