Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"agglutination"

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Agglutination Activity of Fasciola gigantica DM9-1, a Mannose-Binding Lectin: Wansika Phadungsil, Rudi Grams; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(2):173-178.
Published online April 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.173

Abstract
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The DM9 domain is a protein unit of 60-75 amino acids that has been first detected in the fruit fly Drosophila as a repeated motif of unknown function. Recent research on proteins carrying DM9 domains in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and the oyster Crassostrea gigas indicated an association with the uptake of microbial organisms. Likewise, in the trematode Fasciola gigantica DM9-1 showed intracellular relocalization following microbial, heat and drug stress. In the present research, we show that FgDM9-1 is a lectin with a novel mannose-binding site that has been recently described for the protein CGL1 of Crassostrea gigas. This property allowed FgDM9-1 to agglutinate gram-positive and -negative bacteria with appropriate cell surface glycosylation patterns. Furthermore, FgDM9-1 caused hemagglutination across all ABO blood group phenotypes. It is speculated that the parenchymal located FgDM9-1 has a role in cellular processes that involve the transport of mannose-carrying molecules in the parenchymal cells of the parasite.

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Shauna M. Clancy, Mark Whitehead, Nicola A. M. Oliver, Kathryn M. Huson, Jake Kyle, Daniel Demartini, Allister Irvine, Fernanda Godoy Santos, Paul-Emile Kajugu, Robert E. B. Hanna, Sharon A. Huws, Russell M. Morphew, J. Herbert Waite, Sam Haldenby, Mark W
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DM9CP-8 upon binding microbes activates MASPL-1-C3 axis to regulate the mRNA expressions of IL17s in oysters
Yinan Li, Jiejie Sun, Wenwen Yang, Yu Liu, Xingye Lian, Lingling Wang, Linsheng Song
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2025; 302: 140470. CrossRef
The regulation of CgDM9CP-7 for maintaining the homeostasis of hemolymph microbiota in oyster Crassostrea gigas
Shuyi Mu, Yinan Li, Shurong Li, Weishuai Shan, Qiuyan Guo, Zihan Wang, Wei Wu, Lingling Wang, Jiejie Sun, Linsheng Song
Comparative Immunology Reports.2025; 8: 200225. CrossRef
A novel intracellular signaling pathway elicited by DM9CP-6 regulates immune responses in oysters
Jiejie Sun, Yinan Li, Yu Liu, Lingling Wang, Linsheng Song
Cell Communication and Signaling.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel DM9-containing protein 7 involved in regulating the expression of CgMyD88 and CgIL-17 in oyster Crassostrea gigas
Yinan Li, Xingye Lian, Wenwen Yang, Jinyuan Leng, Jiejie Sun, Yu Liu, Siqi Fan, Lingling Wang, Linsheng Song
Developmental & Comparative Immunology.2024; 150: 105076. CrossRef
Mannose oligosaccharide recognition of CGL1, a mannose-specific lectin containing DM9 motifs from Crassostrea gigas, revealed by X-ray crystallographic analysis
Tomomitsu Hatakeyama, Kazuki Masuda, Mizuki Kudo, Koshi Tanaka, Ayaka Takeuchi, Hideaki Unno
The Journal of Biochemistry.2024; 175(1): 35. CrossRef
Carbohydrate-binding ability of a recombinant protein containing the DM9 motif from Drosophila melanogaster
Tomomitsu Hatakeyama, Fuki Kojima, Issei Ohkawachi, Hitomi Sawai, Hideaki Unno
The Journal of Biochemistry.2024; 175(6): 659. CrossRef
CgDM9CP-5-Integrin-MAPK Pathway Regulates the Production of CgIL-17s and Cgdefensins in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas
Yu Liu, Weilin Wang, Jiejie Sun, Yinan Li, Shasha Wu, Qing Li, Miren Dong, Lingling Wang, Linsheng Song
The Journal of Immunology.2023; 210(3): 245. CrossRef
Functional Diversity of Novel Lectins with Unique Structural Features in Marine Animals
Tomomitsu Hatakeyama, Hideaki Unno
Cells.2023; 12(14): 1814. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Boars, Wild Rabbits, and Wild Chickens in Hubei Province, China: Houqiang Luo, Kun Li, Muhammad Shahzad, Hui Zhang, Yanfang Lan, Xiong Xiong; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):85-88.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.85

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii causes serious infection worldwide in humans and animals. In this study, the seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis was investigated in wild boars (Sus scrofa) (n=377), wild rabbits (cape hare, Lapus capensis) (n=331), and wild chickens (red junglefwol, Gallus gallus) (n=571) in 4 forested and country sided area of Hubei province of China. For this, blood samples were collected and tested by indirect hemagglutination test (IHA). The seroprevalence was found to be 7.2%, 5.1%, and 12.6% in wild boars, rabbits, and chickens, respectively, with significant differences among these species. The prevalence of T. gondii infection in male and female wild boars was found to be 7.9% and 6.5% (P<0.01), in male and female rabbits was 5.6% and 4.9% (P<0.01), and in male and female chickens was 17.1% and 7.7% (P<0.01), respectively, with significant differences between 2 genders of chickens (P<0.01). The findings of this study may help in planning of the prevention measures against T. gondii infection in wild animals in this area.

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The Influence of Landscape Structure on the Occurrence of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Sarcocystis spp. in Free-Living Neotropical Primates
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Aleksandra Kornacka, Bożena Moskwa, Anna Werner, Piotr Nowosad, Wiesława Jankowska, Aleksandra Cybulska, Anna C. Majewska
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All about Toxoplasma gondii infections in pigs: 2009–2020
Jitender P. Dubey, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Fernando H.A. Murata, Oliver C.H. Kwok, Dolores Hill, Yurong Yang, Chunlei Su
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WITHDRAWN: All about Toxoplasma gondii infections in pigs: the past decade
Jitender P. Dubey, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Fernando H.A. Murata, Oliver C.H. Kwok, Dolores Hill, Yurong R. Yang, Chunlei Su
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Ming-Han Li, Bin-Tong Yang, Zhi-Wei Yin, Wei Wang, Quan Zhao, Jing Jiang
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2020; 20(11): 825. CrossRef
Epidemiologic significance ofToxoplasma gondiiinfections in chickens (Gallus domesticus): the past decade
J. P. Dubey, H. F. J. Pena, C. K. Cerqueira-Cézar, F. H. A. Murata, O. C. H. Kwok, Y. R. Yang, S. M. Gennari, C. Su
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Kun Li, Muhammad Shahzad, Hui Zhang, Xiong Jiang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiaodong Zhao, Jiakui Li
Acta Tropica.2018; 183: 103. CrossRef
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Wei Cong, Chun-Xue Zhou, Long Chen, Yang Zou, Wei-Li Wang, Qing-Feng Meng, Ai-Dong Qian
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The global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among wild boars: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ali Rostami, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Yadollah Fakhri, Vafa Saber, Hooman Hanifehpour, Soghra Valizadeh, Majid Gholizadeh, Rokhsane Hosseini Pouya, H.Ray Gamble
Veterinary Parasitology.2017; 244: 12. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Police Dogs in Shenyang, Northeastern China: Cheng-Wu Liu, Na Yang, Jian-Bin He, Ming-Yang Mu, Min Yang, Ning Sun, Hong-Kui Li; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):579-581.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.579

Abstract
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In recent years, worldwide surveys of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dogs have been reported. However, only limited surveys of T. gondii infection in police dogs have been available, including China. In the present study, we report the seroprevalence of T. gondii in police dogs in Shenyang, northeastern China. Sera from 291 police dogs were examined for T. gondii antibodies with the modified agglutination test (MAT), and 30.9% animals were tested seropositive. The results of the present study indicated a relatively high prevalence of T. gondii infection in police dogs in Shenyang, China.

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First Sero-Molecular Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. Infections in the Police Dogs and Their Trainers in Iran
Ali Asghari, Shirin Jalili, Nader Azadi
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(3): 1724. CrossRef
Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Yunnan Semi-fine Wool Sheep (Ovis aries) and wild Rodents in Yunnan, China
Zhao Li, Wen-Jie Cheng, Cai-Qin Deng, Meng-Ling Deng, Hai-Bo Peng, Xing-Quan Zhu, Feng-Cai Zou
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(3): 1592. CrossRef
Screening of Toxoplasmosis in Owned and Stray Dogs of District Faisalabad, Pakistan through Latex Agglutination and Indirect ELISA
Hamidullah, Muhammad Saqib, Muhammad Sohail Sajid, Sabir Hussain, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan, Khurram Ashfaq, Sadia Ghazanfer, Asif Ali Butt, Mahvish Maqbool, Sibtain Ahmad, Olivier Andre Sparagano
Pathogens.2022; 11(11): 1307. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii infections in dogs: 2009-2020
Jitender P. Dubey, Fernando H.A. Murata, Camila K. Cerqueira-Cézar, Oliver C.H. Kwok, Yurong Yang, Chunlei Su
Veterinary Parasitology.2020; 287: 109223. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Farmed Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in China
Wen-Bin Zheng, Wei Cong, Junling Hou, Jian-Gang Ma, Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Xing-Quan Zhu, Qing-Feng Meng, Dong-Hui Zhou
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2017; 17(3): 209. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in stray dogs in northern China
Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Ya-Nan Cai, Chun-Feng Wang, Jing Jiang, Ying-Tian Xu, Gui-Lian Yang, Quan Zhao
Parasitology Research.2015; 114(12): 4725. CrossRef
Low prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs in Jilin, Henan and Anhui Provinces of the People’s Republic of China
Yurong Yang, Qiongfang Zhang, Yangguang Kong, Yuqing Ying, Oliver Hung Chun Kwok, Hongde Liang, Jitender Prakash Dubey
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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine.2014; 4(9): 725. CrossRef

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Stray Cats of Gyeonggi-do, Korea: Hye-Youn Kim, Yun-Ah Kim, Seungwon Kang, Ho Sa Lee, Ho Gun Rhie, Hye-Jin Ahn, Ho-Woo Nam, Sang-Eun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(3):199-201.
Published online September 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.3.199

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular zoonotic protozoan with a worldwide distribution. It infects humans as well as a broad spectrum of vertebrate hosts. Cats and wild felidae play crucial roles in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. This study was performed to survey the prevalence of T. gondii infection among stray cats in the Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. A total of 174 stray cat blood samples were collected from Gwacheon-si (n = 20), Bucheon-si (82), and Yangju-si (72). Positive sera for T. gondii were identified in 14 samples (8.1%) exclusively via the latex agglutination test, 28 (16.1%) via ELISA, and 23 (13.2%) via PCR analysis. The overall infection rate of female stray cats (29.2%) presented as higher than that of male cats (24.0%). This study suggests that T. gondii is widespread in the stray cat population of Gyeonggi-do, Korea. It is urgently needed to control urban stray cat population and to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission of toxoplasmosis to other animal hosts and humans.

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Original Articles

Seroepidemiological study of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the rural area Okcheon-gun, Korea: Young-Ha Lee, Hyung-Jun Noh, Ok-Sun Hwang, Sang-Keol Lee, Dae-Whan Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(4):251-256.
Published online December 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.4.251

Abstract
PDF

There have been some reports about the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody among Koreans, and most of all data were taken from patients visiting hospitals. However, the epidemiological data of the community-based study in Korea are rare. This study was performed to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among the inhabitants of the rural area Okcheon-gun, Korea. A total of 1,109 serum samples (499 males, 610 females) were examined for the IgG antibodies by ELISA. To set up the cut-off point for ELISA, we used a commercial latex agglutination (LA) kit. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA against LA test were 89.5%, and 98.6% respectively. Among 1,109 sera, 6.9% showed seropositivity by ELISA. The positive rates of males and females were 6.0% and 7.2%, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between sexes. Comparing the age groups, the highest seropositive rate showed in the seventies or higher, and their rates had a tendency to increase with age (0.05 < p < 0.3). These results revealed that the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in rural inhabitants is similar to previous reports in Korea; however we need further investigation to clarify the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the general population.

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Toxoplasma gondii antibody titers in sera of children admitted to the Seoul National University Children's Hospital: Jina Kook, Hong-Jin Lee, Beyong Il Kim, Chong-Ku Yun, Sang-Mee Guk, Min Seo, Yun-Kyu Park, Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(1):27-32.
Published online March 20, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.1.27

Abstract
PDF

A total of 542 children under 10 years of age, admitted to the Seoul National University Children's Hospital, was examined for antibody titers of Toxoplasma gondii using indirect latex agglutination (ILA) test. Among them, 7.7% showed positive titers higher than 1:32, without significant difference between males (7.3%) and females (8.5%). The seropositive rate increased with age although the statistical significance was negligible (0.05<P<0.1). By residential areas, the prevalence appeared higher among children from southern provinces (Kyongsang-do and Cholla-do) than those from other areas, but the statistical significance was also very low (0.05<P<0.1). When the seropositive cases were analyzed by coincidental diseases, the prevalence was significantly higher in patients with congenital diseases than in patients with non-congenital diseases (P<0.05). The results showed that the seropositive rate of toxoplasmosis in children examined was not high compared with other endemic countries. Some correlations are suggested between toxoplasmosis and congenital anomalies in Korea.

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Brief Communication

Immunosuppressive effect of Cryptosporidium baileyi infection on vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis in chicks: Jae Ku Rhee, Hong Ji Yang, Sim Yong Yook, Hyeon Cheol Kim; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(3):203-206.
Published online September 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.3.203

Abstract
PDF

Two-day-old commercial chicks were inoculated orally with 2 × 10⁶ oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi and vaccinated with 10^3.5 EID₅₀/head of a commercially available avian infectious bronchitis (IB) live virus vaccine at 4 and 14 days following inoculation. Chicks infected with C. baileyi were shown to have an immunosuppressive effect on IB virus. It is concluded that infection with the protozoon in early life may increase their susceptibility to IB.

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