Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"chigger mite"

Original Articles

Disease vector occurrence and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019: Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Wen-Ge Dong, Xiao-Bin Huang, Dao-Chao Jin; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(3):272-281.
Published online August 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22044

Chigger mites are the vector of scrub typhus. This study estimates the infestation status and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019. Chiggers were identified under the microscope, and infestation indices were calculated. The Preston’s log-normal model was used to fit the curve of species abundance distribution. A total of 6,557 chiggers were collected in 136 of 342 N. fulvescens rats, showing high overall infestation indices (prevalence=39.8%, mean abundance=19.2, mean intensity=48.2) and high species diversity (S=100, H’=3.0). Leptotrombidium cangjiangense, Neotrombicula japonica, and Ascoschoengastia sifanga were the three dominant chigger species (constituent ratio=42.9%; 2,736/6,384) and exhibited an aggregated distribution among different rat individuals. We identified 100 chigger species, with 3 of them (Leptotrombidium scutellare, Leptotrombidium wenense, and Leptotrombidium deliense) as the main vectors of scrub typhus in China and nine species as potential vectors of this disease. Disease vector occurrence on N. fulvescens may increase the risk of spreading scrub typhus from rats to humans. Chigger infestation on N. fulvescens varied significantly in different environments. The species abundance distribution showed a log-normal distribution pattern. The estimated number of chigger species on N. fulvescens was 126 species.

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A Report of Chigger Mites on the Striped Field Mouse, Apodemus agrarius, in Southwest China: Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ke-Yu Mao, Xiao-Bin Huang, Ti-Jun Qian; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(6):625-634.
Published online December 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.625

Abstract
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Based on the field investigations in 91 investigation sites (counties) in southwest China between 2001 and 2019, the present paper reported the chigger mites on A. agrarius mice in southwest China for the first time by using a series of statistical methods. From 715 striped field mice captured in 28 of 91 investigated sites, only 255 chiggers were collected, and they were identified as 14 species, 6 genera in 3 subfamilies under 2 families. Of 715 A. agrarius mice, only 24 of them were infested with chigger mites with low overall prevalence (P_M=3.4%), overall mean abundance (M_A=0.36 mites/host) and overall mean intensity (M_I=10.63 mites/host). The species diversity and infestation of chiggers on A. agrarius were much lower than those previously reported on some other rodents in southwest China. On a certain species of rodent, A. agrarius mouse in southwest China seems to have a very low susceptibility to chigger infestations than in other geographical regions. Of 14 chigger species, there were 3 dominant species, Leptotrombidium sialkotense, L. rupestre and Schoengastiella novoconfuciana, which were of aggregated distribution among different individuals of A. agrarius hosts. L. sialkotense, one of 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China, was the first dominant on A. agrarius. The species similarity of chigger mites on male and female hosts was low with C_SS=0.25, and this reflects the sex-bias of different genders of A. agrarius mice in harboring different chigger species.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Infestation, community structure, seasonal fluctuation and climate-driven dynamics of mites on small mammals at a focus of scrub typhus in southwest China
Peng-Wu Yin, Yan Lv, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ya-Fei Zhao, Wen-Ge Dong, Dao-Chao Jin
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Distribution and Host-Association of the Vector Chigger Species Leptotrombidium imphalum in Southwest China
Qiao-Yi Liu, Rong Fan, Wen-Yu Song, Pei-Ying Peng, Ya-Fei Zhao, Dao-Chao Jin, Xian-Guo Guo
Insects.2024; 15(7): 504. CrossRef
Clinical and epidemiological investigation of human infection with zoonotic parasite Trypanosoma dionisii in China
Nannan Xu, Xiaoai Zhang, Hui Liu, Yintao Xu, Huixia Lu, Lianhui Zhao, Yishan He, Meiqi Zhang, Jingtao Zhang, Guangqian Si, Ziyi Wang, Muxin Chen, Yuchun Cai, Yi Zhang, Qiang Wang, Yuwan Hao, Yuanyuan Li, Zhengbin Zhou, Yunhai Guo, Caiyun Chang, Ming Liu,
Journal of Infection.2024; 89(5): 106290. CrossRef
A Retrospective Report on the Infestation and Distribution of Chiggers on an Endemic Rodent Species (Apodemus latronum) in Southwest China
Qiao-Yi Liu, Xian-Guo Guo, Rong Fan, Wen-Yu Song, Pei-Ying Peng, Ya-Fei Zhao, Dao-Chao Jin
Veterinary Sciences.2024; 11(11): 547. CrossRef
Disease vector occurrence and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Wen-Ge Dong, Xiao-Bin Huang, Dao-Chao Jin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 272. CrossRef
Infestation of Oriental House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) with Chigger Mites Varies along Environmental Gradients across Five Provincial Regions of Southwest China
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Fan Ding, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Wen-Yu Song, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Rong Fan, Pei-Ying Peng, Bei Li, Ting Chen, Dao-Chao Jin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(3): 2203. CrossRef
Analysis on infestation and related ecology of chigger mites on large Chinese voles (Eothenomys miletus) in five provincial regions of Southwest China
Bei Li, Xian-Guo Guo, Tian-Guang Ren, Pei-Ying Peng, Wen-Yu Song, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Zhe Liu, Xin-Hang Liu, Ti-Jun Qian
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2022; 19: 169. CrossRef
Infestation and distribution of chigger mites on Confucian white-bellied rat (Niviventer confucianus) in Southwest China
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Wen-Ge Dong, Xiao-Bin Huang
Biologia.2022; 78(3): 727. CrossRef

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Infestation and Related Ecology of Chigger Mites on the Asian House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) in Yunnan Province, Southwest China: Fan Ding, Wen-Li Jiang, Xian-Guo Guo, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ke-Yu Mao, Rong Xiang; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(4):377-392.
Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.377

Abstract
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This paper is to illustrate the infestation and related ecological characteristics of chigger mites on the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi). A total of 17,221 chigger mites were collected from 2,761 R. tanezumi rats, and then identified as 131 species and 19 genera in 2 families. Leptotrombidium deliense, the most powerful vector of scrub typhus in China, was the first major dominant species on R. tanezumi. All the dominant mite species were of an aggregated distribution among different individuals of R. tanezumi. The species composition and infestations of chiggers on R. tanezumi varied along different geographical regions, habitats and altitudes. The species-abundance distribution of the chigger mite community was successfully fitted and the theoretical curve equation was Ŝ (R)=37e^–(0.28R)². The total chigger species on R. tanezumi were estimated to be 199 species or 234 species, and this further suggested that R. tanezumi has a great potential to harbor abundant species of chigger mites. The results of the species-plot relationship indicated that the chigger mite community on R. tanezumi in Yunnan was an uneven community with very high heterogeneity. Wide geographical regions with large host samples are recommended in the investigations of chigger mites.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Meteorological factors and normalized difference vegetation index drivers of scrub typhus incidence in Shandong Province based on a 16-year time-frequency analysis
Zhisong Ni, Shufen Li, Rui Xi, Kemeng Liang, Sihao Song, Chuanlong Cheng, Hui Zuo, Liang Lu, Xiujun Li
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Mite Infestation on Rattus tanezum rats in southwest China concerning risk models
Ru-Jin Liu, Xian-Guo Guo, Pei-Ying Peng, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Wen-Yu Song, Rong Xiang, Yan-Ling Chen, Bei Li, Dao-Chao Jin
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Abundance and Infestation of Mites on Bower’s White-Toothed Rat (Berylmys bowersi) in Southwest China
Chenxi Liu, Xianguo Guo, Yan Lv, Pengwu Yin, Wenyu Song, Peiying Peng, Rong Xiang, Yanling Chen, Bei Li
Veterinary Sciences.2025; 12(5): 426. CrossRef
The Association Between Environmental Factors and Scrub Typhus: A Review
Shu Yang, Shu Yang, Yuxiang Xie, Wenjing Duan, Yiting Cui, Ai Peng, Yisheng Zhou, Yibing Fan, Hui Li, Peng Huang
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2025; 10(6): 151. CrossRef
Variation in Small Mammal Species Composition and the Occurrence of Parasitic Mites in Two Landscapes in a Scrub Typhus Endemic Region of Western Yunnan Province, China
Yun‐Yan Luo, Jia‐Xiang Yin, Zong‐Ti Shao, Zeng‐Kan Liu, Shou‐Qin Yin, Jiang‐Li Lu, Jin‐Chun Li, Rong Wei, Alan Frederick Geater
Ecology and Evolution.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Distribution and Host-Association of the Vector Chigger Species Leptotrombidium imphalum in Southwest China
Qiao-Yi Liu, Rong Fan, Wen-Yu Song, Pei-Ying Peng, Ya-Fei Zhao, Dao-Chao Jin, Xian-Guo Guo
Insects.2024; 15(7): 504. CrossRef
Estimation of scrub typhus incidence and spatiotemporal multicomponent characteristics from 2016 to 2023 in Zhejiang Province, China
Haocheng Wu, Ming Xue, Chen Wu, Qinbao Lu, Zheyuan Ding, Xinyi Wang, Tianyin Fu, Ke Yang, Junfen Lin
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Retrospective Report on the Infestation and Distribution of Chiggers on an Endemic Rodent Species (Apodemus latronum) in Southwest China
Qiao-Yi Liu, Xian-Guo Guo, Rong Fan, Wen-Yu Song, Pei-Ying Peng, Ya-Fei Zhao, Dao-Chao Jin
Veterinary Sciences.2024; 11(11): 547. CrossRef
An Ecological Survey of Chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) Associated with Small Mammals in an Epidemic Focus of Scrub Typhus on the China–Myanmar Border in Southwest China
Ru-Jin Liu, Xian-Guo Guo, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Ya-Fei Zhao, Pei-Ying Peng, Dao-Chao Jin
Insects.2024; 15(10): 812. CrossRef
Infestation of Oriental House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) with Chigger Mites Varies along Environmental Gradients across Five Provincial Regions of Southwest China
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Fan Ding, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Wen-Yu Song, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Rong Fan, Pei-Ying Peng, Bei Li, Ting Chen, Dao-Chao Jin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(3): 2203. CrossRef
Infestation and distribution of chigger mites on Chevrieri's field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri) in Southwest China
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ke-Yu Mao, Xiao-Bin Huang, Ti-Jun Qian
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2022; 17: 74. CrossRef
Infestation of chigger mites on Chinese mole shrew,Anourosorex squamipes, in Southwest China and ecological analysis
Bei Li, Xian-Guo Guo, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Rong Fan, Pei-Ying Peng, Wen-Yu Song, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Ti-Jun Qian
Parasite.2022; 29: 39. CrossRef
Analysis on infestation and related ecology of chigger mites on large Chinese voles (Eothenomys miletus) in five provincial regions of Southwest China
Bei Li, Xian-Guo Guo, Tian-Guang Ren, Pei-Ying Peng, Wen-Yu Song, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Zhe Liu, Xin-Hang Liu, Ti-Jun Qian
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2022; 19: 169. CrossRef
Preliminary Study on Species Diversity and Community Characteristics of Gamasid Mites on Small Mammals in Three Parallel Rivers Area of China
Juan-Xiu Zhou, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Rong Fan, Ting Chen, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Dao-Chao Jin
Animals.2022; 12(22): 3217. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Monitoring Chigger Mites for Orientia tsutsugamushi in Field Small Mammals in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 2019-2020: Young Yil Bahk, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Hyung Wook Kwon, Sung Jong Hong, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(3):319-324.
Published online June 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.319

Incidence of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is steadily increasing. It is a mite-borne disease transmitted by chigger mites. In this study, the chigger mites were collected from field small mammals in Hwaseong-si (city), Gyeonggi-do (province), Korea, 2019 and 2020. The field small mammals captured were 56 Apodemus agrarius (94.9%) and 3 Crocidura lasiura (5.1%). A total of 7,531 chigger mites were collected from the captured small mammals. Using PCR test, 153 chigger mite pools were examined and 17 pools were reported positive for O. tsutsugamushi. The O. tsutsugamushi were identified to 5 strains; Jecheon strain was most prevalent, followed by Boryong strain. The other strains were OI011, Taguchi, and Shimokoshi. Collectively, these results provide essential regional information on mite-borne tsutsugamushi disease in the Hwaseong-si, and further contribute to bring awareness and rapid diagnosis for the tsutsugamushi disease.

Citations

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Geographic distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains on chigger mites in the Republic of Korea (2021–2023)
Hyeon Seung Lee, Byung-Eon Noh, Hyunwoo Kim, Heeil Lee
Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Variation in Small Mammal Species Composition and the Occurrence of Parasitic Mites in Two Landscapes in a Scrub Typhus Endemic Region of Western Yunnan Province, China
Yun‐Yan Luo, Jia‐Xiang Yin, Zong‐Ti Shao, Zeng‐Kan Liu, Shou‐Qin Yin, Jiang‐Li Lu, Jin‐Chun Li, Rong Wei, Alan Frederick Geater
Ecology and Evolution.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A review on trombiculiasis: An underreported parasitosis that affects humans and animals, including world distribution, clinical findings, associated pathogens, prophylaxis and identification methods
Isabella Pereira Pesenato, Ricardo Bassini-Silva, Fernando de Castro Jacinavicius
Acta Tropica.2024; 260: 107420. CrossRef
Habitat Type-Based Assemblage and Distribution Prediction of Small Mammals and Chigger Mites (Acari: Trombiculidae) in Chuncheon City, Republic of Korea
Kiyoon Kim, Jusun Hwang, Kyungmin Kim, Kwangbae Yoon, Daehyun Oh, Yungchul Park
Animals.2024; 14(23): 3433. CrossRef
Prevalence of chigger mites and Orientia tsutsugamushi strains in northern regions of Gangwon-do, Korea
Soojin Kim, In Yong Lee, Sezim Monoldorova, Jiro Kim, Jang Hoon Seo, Tai-Soon Yong, Bo Young Jeon
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 263. CrossRef
2022년 쯔쯔가무시증 매개 털진드기 감시 현황
세훈 조, 태규 김, 현우 김, 정원 주, 희일 이
Public Health Weekly Report.2023; 16(46): 1563. CrossRef

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Mini Review

Research Advances of Leptotrombidium scutellare in China: Rong Xiang, Xian-Guo Guo; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(1):1-8.
Published online February 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.1

Leptotrombidium scutellare is one of the 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China. It has been found in more than 15 provinces of China. Especially in Yunnan, it was found to be mainly distributed in some mountainous areas with high altitude, low temperature and low precipitation. Rodents and some other small mammals were the most common hosts of L. scutellare. To date, more than 40 host species of L. scutellare have been recorded with very low host specificity, and the main hosts varied in different geographical regions. L. scutellare had a strong resistance against the cold environment, and the temperature and humidity were 2 important factors affecting its growth and development. Among different individuals of their rodent hosts, L. scutellare mites often showed an aggregated distribution pattern, which reflected the interspecific cooperation of the mites. The chromosome karyotype of L. scutellare was 2n=16 and all the 8 pairs of chromosomes were short rod-shaped with metacentric or sub-metacentric types. The isozyme spectrum supported that L. scutellare, L. deliense and L. rubellum were in the same species group. Based on the natural infection, experimental transmission and epidemiological evidence, L. scutellare has been eventually confirmed as the second major vector of scrub typhus in China, which is second only to L. deliense.

Citations

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Distribution and Host Selection of the Chigger Mite Leptotrombidium rupestre, a Potential Vector of Scrub Typhus, in Southwest China
Rong Yu, Xian‐Guo Guo, Yan Lv, Peng‐Wu Yin, Wen‐Yu Song, Pei‐Ying Peng, Ti‐Jun Qian, Rong Xiang, Yan‐Ling Chen, Bei Li
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Distribution and infestation of Leptotrombidium scutellare (a major vector of scrub typhus) on small mammals across five provincial regions of Southwest China
Yan Lv, Xian-Guo Guo, Peng-Wu Yin, Xiao-Bin Huang, Ti-Jun Qian
Veterinary Research Communications.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Seasonal dynamics and niches of three vector chigger species at a focus of scrub typhus in southwest China
Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Xian-Guo Guo, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ya-Fei Zhao, Lei Zhang
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Infestation, community structure, seasonal fluctuation and climate-driven dynamics of mites on small mammals at a focus of scrub typhus in southwest China
Peng-Wu Yin, Yan Lv, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ya-Fei Zhao, Wen-Ge Dong, Dao-Chao Jin
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and long-term impact of meteorological, environmental, and socio-economic factors on scrub typhus in China from 2006 to 2018
Jiaojiao Qian, Yifan Wu, Changqiang Zhu, Qiong Chen, Hongliang Chu, Licheng Liu, Chongcai Wang, Yizhe Luo, Na Yue, Wenhao Li, Xiaohong Yang, Jing Yi, Fuqiang Ye, Ji He, Yong Qi, Fei Lu, Chunhui Wang, Weilong Tan
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Masqueraders Around Disaster: Clinical Features of Scrub Typhus in Fukushima, Japan
Masashi Narita, Naota Monma, Kazuki Chiba, Rie Suzuki, Shohei Fujita, Chisho Hoshino, Kiwamu Nakamura, Yoshiyuki Sekikawa, Hiroshi Ikeda, Minoru Inoue, Takuro Shimbo, Seigo Yamamoto, Shuji Ando, Nobuhiro Takada, Hiromi Fujita
Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Distribution and Host-Association of the Vector Chigger Species Leptotrombidium imphalum in Southwest China
Qiao-Yi Liu, Rong Fan, Wen-Yu Song, Pei-Ying Peng, Ya-Fei Zhao, Dao-Chao Jin, Xian-Guo Guo
Insects.2024; 15(7): 504. CrossRef
A systematic review of environmental covariates and methods for spatial or temporal scrub typhus distribution prediction
Qian Wang, Tian Ma, Fang-Yu Ding, Ahyoung Lim, Saho Takaya, Kartika Saraswati, Meng-Meng Hao, Dong Jiang, Li-Qun Fang, Benn Sartorius, Nicholas P.J. Day, Richard J. Maude
Environmental Research.2024; 263: 120067. CrossRef
Potential distribution of Leptotrombidium scutellare in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces, China, and its association with mite-borne disease transmission
Wen-Yu Song, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Yi-Yu Yang, Xian-Guo Guo
Parasites & Vectors.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Disease vector occurrence and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Wen-Ge Dong, Xiao-Bin Huang, Dao-Chao Jin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 272. CrossRef
Infestation and distribution of mites on the Yunnan red-backed vole (Eothenomys miletus) in Yunnan Province of southwest China between 2001 and 2015
Rong Xiang, Xian-Guo Guo, Tian-Guang Ren, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Rong Fan, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ke-Yu Mao, Pei-Ying Peng, Xiao-Bin Huang, Ti-Jun Qian
Biologia.2022; 77(1): 61. CrossRef
Infestation and distribution of chigger mites on Chevrieri's field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri) in Southwest China
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ke-Yu Mao, Xiao-Bin Huang, Ti-Jun Qian
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2022; 17: 74. CrossRef
The current and future risk of spread of Leptotrombidium deliense and Leptotrombidium scutellare in mainland China
Tian Ma, Mengmeng Hao, Shuai Chen, Fangyu Ding
Science of The Total Environment.2022; 843: 156986. CrossRef
Infestation of chigger mites on Chinese mole shrew,Anourosorex squamipes, in Southwest China and ecological analysis
Bei Li, Xian-Guo Guo, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Rong Fan, Pei-Ying Peng, Wen-Yu Song, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Ti-Jun Qian
Parasite.2022; 29: 39. CrossRef
SFTSV infection in rodents and their ectoparasitic chiggers
Xiao-Lan Gu, Wen-Qing Su, Chuan-Min Zhou, Li-Zhu Fang, Ke Zhu, Dong-Qiang Ma, Fa-Chun Jiang, Ze-Min Li, Dan Li, Shu-Hui Duan, Qiu-Ming Peng, Rui Wang, Yuan Jiang, Hui-Ju Han, Xue-Jie Yu, Masayuki Saijo
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(8): e0010698. CrossRef
Analysis on infestation and related ecology of chigger mites on large Chinese voles (Eothenomys miletus) in five provincial regions of Southwest China
Bei Li, Xian-Guo Guo, Tian-Guang Ren, Pei-Ying Peng, Wen-Yu Song, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Zhe Liu, Xin-Hang Liu, Ti-Jun Qian
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2022; 19: 169. CrossRef
Not Only Leptotrombidium spp. an Annotated Checklist of Chigger Mites (Actinotrichida: Trombiculidae) Associated with Bacterial Pathogens
Hanna Moniuszko, Konrad Wojnarowski, Paulina Cholewińska
Pathogens.2022; 11(10): 1084. CrossRef
A dataset of distribution and diversity of blood-sucking mites in China
Fan-Fei Meng, Qiang Xu, Jin-Jin Chen, Yang Ji, Wen-Hui Zhang, Zheng-Wei Fan, Guo-Ping Zhao, Bao-Gui Jiang, Tao-Xing Shi, Li-Qun Fang, Wei Liu
Scientific Data.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Identification of Trombiculid Chigger Mites Collected on Rodents from Southern Vietnam and Molecular Detection of Rickettsiaceae Pathogen: Minh Doan Binh, Sinh Cao Truong, Dong Le Thanh, Loi Cao Ba, Nam Le Van, Binh Do Nhu; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):445-450.
Published online August 25, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.445

Abstract
PDF

Trombiculid “chigger” mites (Acari) are ectoparasites that feed blood on rodents and another animals. A crosssectional survey was conducted in 7 ecosystems of southern Vietnam from 2015 to 2016. Chigger mites were identified with morphological characteristics and assayed by polymerase chain reaction for detection of rickettsiaceae. Overall chigger infestation among rodents was 23.38%. The chigger index among infested rodents was 19.37 and a mean abundance of 4.61. A total of 2,770 chigger mites were identified belonging to 6 species, 3 genera, and 1 family, and pooled into 141 pools (10-20 chiggers per pool). Two pools (1.4%) of the chiggers were positive for Orientia tsutsugamushi. Ricketsia spp. was not detected in any pools of chiggers. Further studies are needed including a larger number and diverse hosts, and environmental factors to assess scrub typhus.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A review on trombiculiasis: An underreported parasitosis that affects humans and animals, including world distribution, clinical findings, associated pathogens, prophylaxis and identification methods
Isabella Pereira Pesenato, Ricardo Bassini-Silva, Fernando de Castro Jacinavicius
Acta Tropica.2024; 260: 107420. CrossRef
Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Novel Trombiculid Mite Species in Northern Tamil Nadu, India: Use of Targeting the Multicopy traD Gene
John Antony Jude Prakash, Kannan Kamarasu, P Philip Samuel, Renu Govindarajan, Punitha Govindasamy, Liji Anna Johnson, P Ramalingam, J Nirmalson, K C Seran, Kevin Macaluso
Journal of Medical Entomology.2022; 59(2): 693. CrossRef
Mapping the distributions of blood-sucking mites and mite-borne agents in China: a modeling study
Tao Wang, Fanfei Meng, Tianle Che, Jinjin Chen, Haiyang Zhang, Yang Ji, Zhengwei Fan, Guoping Zhao, Wenhui Zhang, Baogui Jiang, Qiang Xu, Chenlong Lv, Taoxing Shi, Shiman Ruan, Lanzheng Liu, Wei Liu, Yang Yang, Liqun Fang
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Not Only Leptotrombidium spp. an Annotated Checklist of Chigger Mites (Actinotrichida: Trombiculidae) Associated with Bacterial Pathogens
Hanna Moniuszko, Konrad Wojnarowski, Paulina Cholewińska
Pathogens.2022; 11(10): 1084. CrossRef
International Rickettsia Disease Surveillance: An Example of Cooperative Research to Increase Laboratory Capability and Capacity for Risk Assessment of Rickettsial Outbreaks Worldwide
Ju Jiang, Christina M. Farris, Kenneth B. Yeh, Allen L. Richards
Frontiers in Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A dataset of distribution and diversity of blood-sucking mites in China
Fan-Fei Meng, Qiang Xu, Jin-Jin Chen, Yang Ji, Wen-Hui Zhang, Zheng-Wei Fan, Guo-Ping Zhao, Bao-Gui Jiang, Tao-Xing Shi, Li-Qun Fang, Wei Liu
Scientific Data.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Surveillance of Chigger Mite Vectors for Tsutsugamushi Disease in the Hwaseong Area, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 2015: Young Yil Bahk, Hojong Jun, Seo Hye Park, Haneul Jung, Seung Jegal, Myung-Deok Kim-Jeon, Jong Yul Roh, Wook-Gyo Lee, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Kwangsig Joo, Young Woo Gong, Mun Ju Kwon, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(3):301-308.
Published online June 26, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.301

Owing to global climate change, the global resurgence of vector-borne infectious diseases and their potential to inflict widespread casualties among human populations has emerged as a pivotal burden on public health systems. Tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) in the Republic of Korea is steadily increasing and was designated as a legal communicable disease in 1994. The disease is a mite-borne acute febrile disease most commonly contracted from October to December. In this study, we tried to determine the prevalence of tsutsugamushi disease transmitted by chigger mites living on rodents and investigated their target vector diversity, abundance, and distribution to enable the mapping of hotspots for this disease in 2015. A total of 5 species belonging to 4 genera (109 mites): Leptotrombidium scutellare 60.6%, L. pallidum 28.4% Neotrombicula tamiyai 9.2%, Euschoengastia koreaensis/0.9%), and Neoschoengastia asakawa 0.9% were collected using chigger mite collecting traps mimicking human skin odor and sticky chigger traps from April to November 2015. Chigger mites causing tsutsugamushi disease in wild rodents were also collected in Hwaseong for the zoonotic surveillance of the vector. A total of 77 rodents belonging to 3 genera: Apodemus agrarius (93.5%), Crocidura lasiura (5.2%), and Micromys minutus (1.3%) were collected in April, October, and November 2015. The most common mite was L. pallidum (46.9%), followed by L. scutellare (18.6%), and L. orientale (18.0%). However, any of the chigger mite pools collected from rodent hosts was tested positive for Orientia tsutsugamushi, the pathogen of tsutsugamushi disease, in this survey.

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Associations of meteorological factors and dynamics of scrub typhus incidence in South Korea: A nationwide time-series study
Taehee Chang, Kyung-Duk Min, Sung-il Cho, Yoonhee Kim
Environmental Research.2024; 245: 117994. CrossRef
The Prevalence of Rodents Orientia tsutsugamushi in China During Two Decades: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yan-Chun Wang, Jing-Hao Li, Ya Qin, Si-Yuan Qin, Chao Chen, Xin-Bo Yang, Ning Ma, Ming-Xin Dong, Cong-Cong Lei, Xing Yang, He-Ting Sun, Zhi-Yong Sun, Jing Jiang
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2023; 23(12): 619. CrossRef
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of scrub typhus in northern Fujian, China, from 2015 to 2019
Jin Huang, Kaixiang Deng, Jiawei Chen, Meiquan Zhang
BMC Infectious Diseases.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical treatment of patients with scrub typhus-induced liver injury and intracranial infection
HongKui Sun, Li Lei, JianWei Li, Haiming Niu, Jiezhang Yang, MiaoLian Chen
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Monitoring Chigger Mites for Orientia tsutsugamushi in Field Small Mammals in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 2019-2020
Young Yil Bahk, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Hyung Wook Kwon, Sung Jong Hong, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 319. CrossRef
Nationwide Incidence of Chigger Mite Populations and Molecular Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in the Republic of Korea, 2020
Min-Goo Seo, Bong-Goo Song, Tae-Kyu Kim, Byung-Eon Noh, Hak Seon Lee, Wook-Gyo Lee, Hee Il Lee
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Fan Ding, Wen-Li Jiang, Xian-Guo Guo, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ke-Yu Mao, Rong Xiang
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 377. CrossRef
Geographical Distribution and Epidemiologic Factors of Chigger Mites on Apodemus agrarius during Autumn in Korea
In Yong Lee, Jae-Won Lim, Jang Hoon Seo, Heung Chul Kim, Ku Jae Lee, Tai-Soon Yong, Won-Ja Lee, Jae-Ran Yu, Seobo Sim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(5): 473. CrossRef
Density of Chigger Mites as Tsutsugamushi Vectors Collected from Jinan, Jeollabuk-do
Hyeok Jae Lee, Chul Park
The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2020; 52(4): 364. CrossRef

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Relative Abundance of a Vector of Scrub Typhus, Leptotrombidium sialkotense, in Southern Yunnan Province, China: Yan Lv, Xian-Guo Guo, Dao-Chao Jin, Wen-Yu Song, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ke-Yu Mao, Yun-Ji Zou, Zhi-Hua Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):153-159.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.153

The chigger mite Leptotrombidium sialkotense is one of the 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China. Before present study, L. sialkotense was found in some parts of Hunan province, China with a narrow geographical distribution. During field investigation 2016-2017, we found L. sialkotense in Jingha, southern Yunnan, China. Of 15 small mammal host species, L. sialkotense were collected from 6 species of the hosts. Rattus brunneusculus was a dominant host of L. sialkotense, from which 98.3% of the mites were collected. The chigger mite showed a relatively high infestation prevalence (P_M=11.7%) and mean abundance (MA=0.5) in comparison with the rest 5 host species. These results reveal a certain host specificity of L. sialkotense to a rat R. brunneusculus. The mite L. sialkotense showed an aggregated distribution on the host (P<0.05). A positive correlation observed between L. sialkotense and the body length of hosts. There was a positive interspecific association between L. sialkotense and 2 other dominant vectors, L. deliense and L. scutellare.

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Infestation, community structure, seasonal fluctuation and climate-driven dynamics of mites on small mammals at a focus of scrub typhus in southwest China
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Mini Review

Research Progress on Leptotrombidium deliense: Yan Lv, Xian-Guo Guo, Dao-Chao Jin; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(4):313-324.
Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.313

Abstract
PDF

This article reviews Leptotrombidium deliense, including its discovery and nomenclature, morphological features and identification, life cycle, ecology, relationship with diseases, chromosomes and artificial cultivation. The first record of L. deliense was early in 1922 by Walch. Under the genus Leptotrombidium, there are many sibling species similar to L. deliense, which makes it difficult to differentiate L. deliense from another sibling chigger mites, for example, L. rubellum. The life cycle of the mite (L. deliense) includes 7 stages: egg, deutovum (or prelarva), larva, nymphochrysalis, nymph, imagochrysalis and adult. The mite has a wide geographical distribution with low host specificity, and it often appears in different regions and habitats and on many species of hosts. As a vector species of chigger mite, L. deliense is of great importance in transmitting scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) in many parts of the world, especially in tropical regions of Southeast Asia. The seasonal fluctuation of the mite population varies in different geographical regions. The mite has been successfully cultured in the laboratory, facilitating research on its chromosomes, biochemistry and molecular biology.

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Original Article

Chigger Mite (Acari: Trombiculidae) Survey of Rodents in Shandong Province, Northern China: Xiao-Dan Huang, Peng Cheng, Yu-Qiang Zhao, Wen-Juan Li, Jiu-Xu Zhao, Hong-Mei Liu, Jing-Xuan Kou, Mao-Qing Gong; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(5):555-559.
Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.555

Abstract
PDF

Chigger mites are parasites of rodents and other vertebrates, invertebrates, and other arthropods, and are the only vectors of scrub typhus, in addition to other zoonoses. Therefore, investigating their distribution, diversity, and seasonal abundance is important for public health. Rodent surveillance was conducted at 6 districts in Shandong Province, northern China (114-112°E, 34-38°N), from January to December 2011. Overall, 225/286 (78.7%) rodents captured were infested with chigger mites. A total of 451 chigger mites were identified as belonging to 5 most commonly collected species and 3 genera in 1 family. Leptotrombidium scutellare and Leptotrombidium intermedia were the most commonly collected chigger mites. L. scutellare (66.2%, 36.7%, and 49.0%) was the most frequently collected chigger mite from Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, and Microtus fortis, respectively, whereas L. intermedia (61.5% and 63.2%) was the most frequently collected chigger mite from Cricetulus triton and Mus musculus, respectively. This study demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of chigger mites that varied seasonally in Shandong Province, China.

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Ting Li, Xianjun Wang, Yamei Wang, Chenxin Gu, Liping Yang
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Brief Communication

Larval Chigger Mites Collected from Small Mammals in 3 Provinces, Korea: In-Yong Lee, Hyeon-Je Song, Yeon-Joo Choi, Sun-Hye Shin, Min-Kyung Choi, So-Hyun Kwon, E-Hyun Shin, Chan Park, Heung-Chul Kim, Terry A. Klein, Kyung-Hee Park, Won-Jong Jang; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(2):225-229.
Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.225

Abstract
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A total of 9,281 larval chigger mites were collected from small mammals captured at Hwaseong-gun, Gyeonggi-do (Province) (2,754 mites from 30 small mammals), Asan city, Chungcheongnam-do (3,358 mites from 48 mammals), and Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do (3,169 for 62 mammals) from April-November 2009 in the Republic of Korea (= Korea) and were identified to species. Leptotrombidium pallidum was the predominant species in Hwaseong (95.8%) and Asan (61.2%), while Leptotrombidium scutellare was the predominant species collected from Jangseong (80.1%). Overall, larval chigger mite indices decreased from April (27.3) to June (4.9), then increased in September (95.2) and to a high level in November (169.3). These data suggest that L. pallidum and L. scutellare are the primary vectors of scrub typhus throughout their range in Korea. While other species of larval chigger mites were also collected with some implications in the transmission of Orientia tsutsugamushi, they only accounted for 11.2% of all larval chigger mites collected from small mammals.

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Jung Wook Park, Dae Sung Yu, Gi Seong Lee, Jin Jong Seo, Jae Keun Chung, Jae Il Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 559. CrossRef
Geographical distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains in chiggers from three provinces in Korea
Yeon‐Joo Choi, In‐Yong Lee, Hyeon‐Je Song, Jeoungyeon Kim, Hye‐Jin Park, Dayoung Song, Won‐Jong Jang
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Original Articles

A New Species of Chigger Mite (Acari: Trombiculidae) from Rodents in Southwest China: Tian-Guang Ren, Xian-Guo Guo, Dao-Chao Jin, Dian Wu, Quinn E. Fletcher; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(1):63-67.
Published online February 19, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.1.63

Abstract
PDF

This paper describes a new species of chigger mite (Acari: Trombiculidae), Gahrliepia cangshanensis n. sp., from rodents in southwest China. The specimens were collected from Yunnan red-backed voles, Eothenomys miletus (Thomas, 1914), and a Chinese white-bellied rat, Niviventer confucianus (Milne-Edwards, 1871) in Yunnan Province. The new species is unique mainly in its number of dorsal setae (n=21), and it has the following features: fT (formula of palpotarsus)=4B (B=branched), fp (formula of palpal seta)=B/N/N/N/B (N=naked), a broad tongue-shaped scutum with an almost straight posterior margin, and 17 PPLs (posterior posterolateral seta) with a length of 36-43 ?m. This chigger mite may also infect other rodent hosts and may be distributed in other localities.

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Peng-Wu Yin, Yan Lv, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ya-Fei Zhao, Wen-Ge Dong, Dao-Chao Jin
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Species abundance distribution and ecological niches of chigger mites on small mammals in Yunnan province, southwest China
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Biologia.2017; 72(9): 1031. CrossRef
An updated distribution and hosts: trombiculid mites (Acari: Trombidiformes) associated with small mammals in Yunnan Province, southwest China
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Parasitology Research.2016; 115(5): 1923. CrossRef

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Geographical Distribution and Relative Abundance of Vectors of Scrub Typhus in the Republic of Korea: In Yong Lee, Heung Chul Kim, Young-Sun Lee, Jang Hoon Seo, Jae Won Lim, Tae Soon Yong, Terry A. Klein, Won Ja Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):381-386.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.381

Abstract
PDF

A survey to determine the geographical distribution and relative abundance of potential vectors of scrub typhus was conducted from October to November 2006 at 13 localities throughout the Republic of Korea. Apodemus agrarius accounted for 97.6% (80/82) of all rodents, while only 2 Myodes regulus (2/82) were collected. A total of 10,860 chiggers were collected from A. agrarius belonging to 4 genera and 8 species, while only Walchia fragilis (40) was collected from Myodes regulus. Leptotrombidium pallidum (8,137; 74.9%), a vector of scrub typhus, was the predominant species collected from A. agrarius followed by Leptotrombidium scutellare (2,057, 18.9%), Leptotrombidium palpale (279; 2.7%), Leptotrombidium orientale (232; 2.1%), and Leptotrombidium zetum (79; 0.7%), Neotrombicula tamiyai (58; 0.5%), Euschoengastica koreaensis (16; 0.1%), and Cheladonta ikaoensis (2; < 0.1%). L. pallidum was the predominant chigger collected at collection sites in Gangwon (100%), Gyeonggi (87.2%), Chungnam (100%), Chungbuk (100%), Jeonbuk (73.9%), Jeonnam (77.0%), and Gyeongbuk (66.1%) provinces, whereas L. scutellare was the predominant chigger collected in Gyeongnam province (77.9%) and Jeju Island (62.3%). Data suggest a correlation between chigger population abundance and human cases of scrub typhus in Korea.

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