Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"environment"

Original Articles

Presence and diversity of free-living amoebae and their potential application as water quality indicators: Areum Choi, Ji Won Seong, Jeong Hyun Kim, Jun Young Lee, Hyun Jae Cho, Shin Ae Kang, Mi Kyung Park, Mi Jin Jeong, Seo Yeong Choi, Yu Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(2):180-192.
Published online May 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24020

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are found in diverse environments, such as soils, rivers, and seas. Hence, they can be used as bioindicators to assess the water quality based solely on their presence. In this study, we determined the presence of FLA in river water by filtering water samples collected from various sites and culturing the resulting filtrates. FLA were detected in all the water samples with varying quality grades (Grades Ι-V). The significant increase in the size of the amoebae population with the deterioration in the water quality. Monoxenic cultures of the amoebae were performed, and genomic DNAs were isolated, among which 18S rDNAs were sequenced to identify the amoeba species. Of the 12 species identified, 10 belonged to the Acanthamoeba genus; of the remaining 2 species, one was identified as Vannella croatica and the other as a species of Vermamoeba. Acanthamoeba was detected in samples with Grades Ι to VI quality, whereas the Vermamoeba species was present only in Grade Ι water. V. croatica was found exclusively in water with Grade ΙΙ quality. Following morphological observations, genomic DNA was sequenced using 16S rDNA to determine whether the species of Acanthamoeba harbored endosymbionts. Most of the isolated Acanthamoeba contained endosymbionts, among which 4 species of endogenous bacteria were identified and examined using transmission electron microscopy. This study provides evidence that the distribution of amoebae other than Acanthamoeba may be associated with water quality. However, further confirmation will be required based on accurate water quality ratings and assessments using a more diverse range of FLA.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Isolation of Acanthamoeba Species and Bacterial Symbiont Variability in Puna Salt Plains, Argentina
Ronnie Mooney, Kiri Rodgers, Sandro Carnicelli, Matías E. Carnevale, Maria Eugenia Farias, Fiona L. Henriquez
Environmental Microbiology Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Identifying Promising Novel Compounds Against Free-Living Amoebae: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Beni Jequicene Mussengue Chaúque, Thaisla Cristiane Borella da Silva, Luiza Bernardes Chagas, Letícia F. G. Kinape, Paula Eliete Rodrigues Bitencourt, Custódio José Gaspar, Alexandre Coelho Borges Cheinquer, Marilise Brittes Rott, Régis Adriel Zanette, Jo
Parasitologia.2025; 5(4): 56. CrossRef
The Microbial Trojan Horse and Antimicrobial Resistance: Acanthamoeba as an Environmental Reservoir for Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
Ronnie Mooney, Erin Corbett, Elisa Giammarini, Kiri Rodgers, Carla Donet, Ernest Mui, Arhama T. A. Ansari, Ayush Ransingh, Pradnya S. Vernekar, Harleen K. Walia, Jyoti Sharma, John Connolly, Andrew Hursthouse, Suparna Mukherji, Soumyo Mukherji, Fiona L. H
Environmental Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Le monde fascinant des amibes libres, des protistes aux multiples facettes
Aurélie Delumeau, Nina Allouch, Isaure Quétel, Virginie Nerrière, Isabel Marcelino
médecine/sciences.2025; 41(10): 743. CrossRef

3,111 View
77 Download
3 Web of Science
Crossref

Comparative Microbiome Analysis of Three Species of Laboratory-Reared Periplaneta Cockroaches: Seogwon Lee, Ju Yeong Kim, Myung-hee Yi, In-Yong Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Hye Su Moon, Dongeun Yong, Tai-Soon Yong; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):537-542.
Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.537

Cockroaches inhabit various habitats, which will influence their microbiome. Although the microbiome can be influenced by the diet and environmental factors, it can also differ between species. Therefore, we conducted 16S rDNAtargeted high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the overall bacterial composition of the microbiomes of 3 cockroach species, Periplaneta americana, P. japonica, and P. fuliginosa, raised in laboratory for several generations under the same conditions. The experiments were conducted using male adult cockroaches. The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was not significantly different among the 3 species. With regard to the Shannon and Pielou indexes, higher microbiome values were noted in P. americana than in P. japonica and P. fuliginosa. Microbiome composition was also evaluated, with endosymbionts accounting for over half of all OTUs in P. japonica and P. fuliginosa. Beta diversity analysis further showed that P. japonica and P. fuliginosa had similar microbiome composition, which differed from that of P. americana. However, we also identified that P. japonica and P. fuliginosa host distinct OTUs. Thus, although microbiome compositions may vary based on multiple conditions, it is possible to identify distinct microbiome compositions among different Periplaneta cockroach species, even when the individuals are reared under the same conditions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Medical Importance of Cockroaches as Vectors of Pathogens: Implications for Public Health
Dongfen Geng, Haotian Yu, Teng Zhao, Chunxiao Li
Zoonoses.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Endosymbiont and gut bacterial communities of the brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa
Kylene Guse, Jose E. Pietri
PeerJ.2024; 12: e17095. CrossRef
Diversity, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities of actinomycetes associated with Periplaneta fuliginosa
Qihua Liu, Jian Tao, Longhui Kan, Yinglao Zhang, Shuxiang Zhang
PeerJ.2024; 12: e18575. CrossRef
Composition and diversity of the gut microbiota across different life stages of American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)
Zhiyu Chen, Sihao Wen, Juan Shen, Jie Wang, Wenbin Liu, Xiaobao Jin
Bulletin of Entomological Research.2023; 113(6): 787. CrossRef
Of Cockroaches and Symbionts: Recent Advances in the Characterization of the Relationship between Blattella germanica and Its Dual Symbiotic System
Amparo Latorre, Rebeca Domínguez-Santos, Carlos García-Ferris, Rosario Gil
Life.2022; 12(2): 290. CrossRef
Differences in Gut Microbiome Composition Between Sympatric Wild and Allopatric Laboratory Populations of Omnivorous Cockroaches
Kara A. Tinker, Elizabeth A. Ottesen
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

5,748 View
130 Download
5 Web of Science
Crossref

Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Environmental Water Contamination in a Rural Village of Northern Lao PDR: Alexis Ribas, Chlo? Jollivet, Serge Morand, Boupha Thongmalayvong, Silaphet Somphavong, Chern-Chiang Siew, Pei-Jun Ting, Saipin Suputtamongkol, Viengsaene Saensombath, Surapol Sanguankiat, Boon-Huan Tan, Phimpha Paboriboune, Kongsap Akkhavong, Kittipong Chaisiri; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(5):523-532.
Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.523

Abstract
PDF

A field survey studying intestinal parasites in humans and microbial pathogen contamination at environment was performed in a Laotian rural village to identify potential risks for disease outbreaks. A parasitological investigation was conducted in Ban Lak Sip village, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR involving fecal samples from 305 inhabitants as well as water samples taken from 3 sites of the local stream. Water analysis indicated the presence of several enteric pathogens, i.e., Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., E. coli H7, E. coli O157: H7, verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC), Shigella spp., and enteric adenovirus. The level of microbial pathogens contamination was associated with human activity, with greater levels of contamination found at the downstream site compared to the site at the village and upstream, respectively. Regarding intestinal parasites, the prevalence of helminth and protozoan infections were 68.9% and 27.2%, respectively. Eight helminth taxa were identified in fecal samples, i.e., 2 tapeworm species (Taenia sp. and Hymenolepis diminuta), 1 trematode (Opisthorchis sp.), and 5 nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, trichostrongylids, and hookworms). Six species of intestinal protists were identified, i.e., Blastocystis hominis, Cyclospora spp., Endolimax nana, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, Entamoeba coli, and Giardia lamblia. Questionnaires and interviews were also conducted to determine risk factors of infection. These analyses together with a prevailing infection level suggested that most of villagers were exposed to parasites in a similar degree due to limited socio-economic differences and sharing of similar practices. Limited access to effective public health facilities is also a significant contributing factor.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in Macaca fascicularis in Northeast Thailand: A One Health Perspective on Zoonotic Risks
Teputid Kuasit, Manachai Yingklang, Penchom Janwan, Wanchai Maleewong, Weerachai Saijuntha, Siriporn Kuanamon, Tongjit Thanchomnang
Animals.2025; 15(14): 2112. CrossRef
Village Settlements in Mountainous Tropical Areas, Hotspots of Fecal Contamination as Evidenced by Escherichia coli and Stanol Concentrations in Stormwater Pulses
Laurie Boithias, Emilie Jardé, Keooudone Latsachack, Chanthanousone Thammahacksa, Norbert Silvera, Bounsamay Soulileuth, Mose Xayyalart, Marion Viguier, Alain Pierret, Emma Rochelle-Newall, Olivier Ribolzi
Environmental Science & Technology.2024; 58(14): 6335. CrossRef
Food safety in Laos: status, current challenges and opportunities
Leah R Thompson, Patricia Sipes, Paul Ebner, Somphone Soukhavong, Gerald Shively
International Journal of Food Science and Technology.2024; 59(10): 7727. CrossRef
Refill Drinking Water Depot Risk Assessment for Chemical Hazard Contaminant in 25 Cities of East Java Province, Indonesia
Yudied Agung Mirasa, Siti Nurhidayati, Rania Wicaksono, Winarko Winarko, Kholifah Firsayanti Juwono, Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria, Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah, Aditya Sukma Pawitra, Moch. Sahri
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN .2024; 16(2): 166. CrossRef
Techno-Economic Assessment of PV Power Systems to Power a Drinking Water Treatment Plant for an On-Grid Small Rural Community
Fernando Amoroso, Rubén Hidalgo-León, Kevin Muñoz, Javier Urquizo, Pritpal Singh, Guillermo Soriano
Energies.2023; 16(4): 2027. CrossRef
Global prevalence of 4 neglected foodborne trematodes targeted for control by WHO: A scoping review to highlight the gaps
Rachel Tidman, Kaushi S. T. Kanankege, Mathieu Bangert, Bernadette Abela-Ridder, Paul R. Torgerson
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(3): e0011073. CrossRef
Prevalence of parasitosis and its influence on the intestinal microbiota of school children from rural communities in the province of Chimborazo, Ecuador
Sandra Noemí Escobar Arrieta, Verónica Mercedes Cando Brit, Hugo Javier Sánchez-Moreno, Yolanda Verónica Buenaño Suárez, Jhoana Lamiña Cali, Breidy Lamiña Cali, Andrea Nataly Donoso Barba
Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias.2023; 2: 636. CrossRef
Comparative evaluation of vegetable matter involved lesions with oral parasitic infections in the oral cavity
Tiago Novaes Pinheiro, Milena Gomes Melo Leite, Cristiane Cantiga da Silva, Cleber Nunes Alexandre, Lioney Nobre Cabral, Hannah Marcelle Paulain Carvalho, Daniel Frota de Souza, Jéssica Lourdes de Aguiar Gonçalves, Thales Edecherly Nasserala de Souza, Nar
Microscopy Research and Technique.2022; 85(4): 1421. CrossRef
Microbial pollution in inland recreational freshwaters of Quetta, Pakistan: an initial report
Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Umer Farooq Awan, Sohaib Muhammad, Shakeela Daud, Asma Yousafzai, Fariha Arooj
Journal of Water and Health.2022; 20(3): 575. CrossRef
A teaching learning sequence on nanoscience and nanotechnology content at primary school level: evaluation of students’ learning
Giorgos Peikos, Anna Spyrtou, Dimitris Pnevmatikos, Penelope Papadopoulou
International Journal of Science Education.2022; 44(12): 1932. CrossRef
Evaluation of the health risks linked to two swimming pools regularly frequented from the city of Yaounde in Cameroon (Central Africa)
Elvire Olivia Manezeu Tonleu, Paul-Alain Nana, Fils Mamert Onana, Nectaire Lié Nyamsi Tchatcho, Siméon Tchakonté, Moïse Nola, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Gideon Ajeagah Aghaindum
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Occurrence of Giardia duodenalis in selected stations and tributary rivers of Laguna Lake, Philippines
Mark Raymond A. Vejano, Laurice Beatrice Raphaelle O. dela Peña, Windell L. Rivera
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Nopalea cochenillifera Biomass as Bioadsorbent in Water Purification
Vitória Régia do Nascimento Lima, Álvaro Gustavo Ferreira da Silva, Renata Ranielly Pedroza Cruz, Luana da Silva Barbosa, Neilier Rodrigues da Silva Junior, Giuliana Naiara Barros Sales, Marcelo Augusto Rocha Limão, Franciscleudo Bezerra da Costa, Pahlevi
Water.2021; 13(15): 2012. CrossRef
Intestinal Parasitic Infection, The Use of Latrine, and Clean Water Source In Elementary School Children At Coastal And Non-Coastal Areas, Sumenep District, Indonesia
R. Bagus Yanuar Renaldy, M. Ahda Naufal Aflahudin, Zukhaila Salma, Sumaryono Sumaryono, Muhammad Yasin Fitriah, Sri Wijayanti Sulistyawati, Dominicus Husada, Sukmawati Basuki
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease.2021; 9(1): 16. CrossRef
Influence of extraordinary floods on wildlife parasites: the case of gastrointestinal helminths and protozoa of wild canids from the Iberá Ecoregion, Argentina
M. B. Natalini, P. F. Cuervo, M. S. Gennuso, V. L. Romero, R. Bay Jouliá, P. M. Beldomenico, M. M. Kowalewski
Parasitology Research.2021; 120(11): 3827. CrossRef
Zoonotic Transmission of Blastocystis Subtype 1 among People in Eastern Communities of Thailand: Organic Fertilizer from Pig Feces as a Potential Source
Toon Ruang-areerate, Phunlerd Piyaraj, Picha Suwannahitatorn, Panthita Ruang-areerate, Thunyapit Thita, Tawee Naaglor, Umaporn Witee, Boonsub Sakboonyarat, Saovanee Leelayoova, Mathirut Mungthin, Jasna Kovac
Microbiology Spectrum.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The Coexistence of Blastocystis spp. in Humans, Animals and Environmental Sources from 2010–2021 in Asia
Adedolapo Aminat Rauff-Adedotun, Farah Haziqah Meor Termizi, Nurshafarina Shaari, Ii Li Lee
Biology.2021; 10(10): 990. CrossRef
Detection of enteric parasite DNA in household and bed dust samples: potential for infection transmission
Rojelio Mejia, Victor Seco-Hidalgo, Diana Garcia-Ramon, Evelyn Calderón, Andrea Lopez, Philip J. Cooper
Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Current status of Opisthorchis viverrini, minute intestinal fluke and Taenia spp. infections among inhabitants in the Kenethao district of northern Lao PDR
Phasouk Senephansiri, Thaksaporn Thongseesuksai, Phaviny Sithay, Sakhone Laymanivong, Thidarut Boonmar, Porntip Laummaunwai
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 114(5): 397. CrossRef
Cross-reaction of POC-CCA urine test for detection of Schistosoma mekongi in Lao PDR: a cross-sectional study
Anousin Homsana, Peter Odermatt, Phonesavanh Southisavath, Aya Yajima, Somphou Sayasone
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of informal settlements and wastewater treatment plants on helminth egg contamination of urban rivers and risks associated with exposure
Isaac Dennis Amoah, Sheena Kumari, Poovendhree Reddy, Thor Axel Stenström, Faizal Bux
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The Comparison of Giardia lamblia Infection and Nutritional Status of Elementary School Students in Mandangin Island, Sampang and Mojo Village, Surabaya, Indonesia
Zaidan Arifiansyah Bachtiar, Amalia Putri Uswatun Hasanah, Muhammad Yasin, Rahmadany Isyaputri, Budiono Budiono, Sukmawati Basuki
Biomolecular and Health Science Journal.2020; 3(2): 88. CrossRef
Parasitic infections in relation to practices and knowledge in a rural village in Northern Thailand with emphasis on fish-borne trematode infection
K. Chaisiri, C. Jollivet, P. Della Rossa, S. Sanguankiat, D. Wattanakulpanich, C. Lajaunie, A. Binot, M. Tanita, S. Rattanapikul, D. Sutdan, S. Morand, A. Ribas
Epidemiology and Infection.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Frequency of Intestinal Parasites in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Compared with Healthy Controls in Fasa, Fars Province, Iran, 2018
Zahra Poorkhosravani, Mahmoud Agholi, Khojasteh Sharifi-Sarasiabi, Mehrgan Heydari-Hengami, Jebreil Shamseddin
Hormozgan Medical Journal.2019; 23(2): e91284. CrossRef
A long way from Laos
Jade Ramos-Poblete, Erica Kasper, Anandit Mu, Zeno Bisoffi
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(8): e0006534. CrossRef

10,903 View
298 Download
26 Web of Science
Crossref

Brief Communications

Environmental Contamination by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato Eggs in Relation to Slaughterhouses in Urban and Rural Areas in Tunisia: Raja Cha?bane-Banaoues, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, Selim M’rad, Habib Mezhoud, Hamouda Babba; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):113-118.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.113

Abstract
PDF

Hydatidosis has become a real concern for health care institutions and animal rearers in Tunisia. The Tunisian endemicity is aggravated by the growing number of dogs and the difficulty of getting rid of contaminated viscera because of the lack of equipment in most slaughterhouses. Therefore, microscopic and molecular tools were applied to evaluate the role of slaughterhouses in canine infection and Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) egg dissemination. Exposure risk to E. granulosus s. l. eggs in urban and rural areas was explored in order to implant preventive and adapted control strategies. Microscopic examinations detected taeniid eggs in 152 amongst 553 fecal samples. The copro-PCR demonstrated that 138 of 152 taeniid samples analyzed were positive for E. granulosus s. l. DNA. PCR-RFLP demonstrated that all isolated samples belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.). An important environmental contamination index (25.0%) by E. granulosus s. l. eggs was demonstrated. The average contamination index from the regions around slaughterhouses (23.3%; 95% CI: 17.7-28.9%) was in the same range as detected in areas located far from slaughterhouses (26.0%, 95% CI: 21.3-30.8%). Echinococcosis endemic areas were extended in both rural (29.9%, 95% CI: 24.8-34.9%) and urban locations (18.1%, 95% CI: 13.0-22.9%). The pathogen dissemination is related neither to the presence/absence of slaughterhouses nor to the location in urban or rural areas, but is probably influenced by human activities (home slaughtering) and behavior towards the infected viscera.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Zoonotic threat of cystic echinococcosis in Tunisia: insights into livestock prevalence and identification of the G1 genotype
Mohamed Hedi Abdelghani, Selim M’rad, Raja Chaâbane-Banaoues, Sayadi Taoufik, Mohamed Ali Charfedine, Lamia Zemzemi, Ines Kamoun, Hamouda Babba, Myriam Oudni-M’rad
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Synthetic rEg.P29 Peptides Induce Protective Immune Responses Against Echinococcus granulosus in Mice
Yongxue Lv, Jing Tang, Tao Li, Yinqi Zhao, Changyou Wu, Wei Zhao
Vaccines.2025; 13(3): 266. CrossRef
Environmental contamination with feces of free-roaming dogs and the risk of transmission of Echinococcus and Taenia species in urban regions of southeastern Iran
Saeedeh Shamsaddini, Carina Schneider, Sonja Dumendiak, Hossein Aghassi, Hossein Kamyabi, Elham Akhlaghi, Marion Wassermann, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Peter Deplazes, Thomas Romig
Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Global distribution of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in domestic and wild canids: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Morteza Shams, Sasan Khazaei, Razi Naserifar, Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh, Davood Anvari, Fattaneh Montazeri, Majid Pirestani, Hamidreza Majidiani
Parasitology.2022; 149(9): 1147. CrossRef
Detection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in Environmental Samples from Ibadan, Oyo State, South West Nigeria
Emmanuel Jolaoluwa Awosanya, Adeola Olagbaju, Angela Peruzzu, Gabriella Masu, Giovanna Masala, Piero Bonelli
Veterinary Sciences.2022; 9(12): 679. CrossRef
Human and animal cystic echinococcosis in Tataouine governorate: hypoendemic area in a hyperendemic country, myth or reality?
Selim M’rad, Raja Chaâbane-Banaoues, Massaouda Ghrab, Hamouda Babba, Myriam Oudni-M’rad
Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Dispersion of Echinococcus granulosus eggs from infected dogs under natural conditions in Patagonia, Argentina
P. Sánchez Thevenet, H.M. Alvarez, C. Torrecillas, O. Jensen, J.A. Basualdo
Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato by mitochondrial COX1 and SSU-rDNA markers in dogs in the west of Iran
Seyed-Reza Mirbadie, Masoomeh Zivdari, Hamed Kalani, Mohammad-Reza Vafaei, Shahrokh Izadi, Zahra Jabalameli, Mohsen Mohammadi, Ganesh Yadagiri, Peyman Heydarian, Farzaneh Mirzaei, Mohammad-Ali Mohaghegh
Gene Reports.2020; 19: 100616. CrossRef
Reinventing the Wheel of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato Transmission to Humans
Francesca Tamarozzi, Peter Deplazes, Adriano Casulli
Trends in Parasitology.2020; 36(5): 427. CrossRef
Parasitological Contamination of Vegetables Sold in Tunisian Retail Markets with Helminth Eggs and Protozoan Cysts
Selim M'rad, Raja Chaabane-Banaoues, Ibtissem Lahmar, Hamza Oumaima, Habib Mezhoud, Hamouda Babba, Myriam Oudni-M'rad
Journal of Food Protection.2020; 83(7): 1104. CrossRef
Environmental, climatic and host population risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in southwest of Iran
Mohammad Amin Ghatee, Koorosh Nikaein, Walter Robert Taylor, Mehdi Karamian, Hasan Alidadi, Zahra Kanannejad, Faezeh Sehatpour, Fateme Zarei, Gholamreza Pouladfar
BMC Public Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular phylodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and Taenia hydatigena determined by mitochondrial Cox1 and SSU-rDNA markers in Iranian dogs: Indicating the first record of pig strain (G7) in definitive host in the Middle East
Seyed Reza Mirbadie, Abbas Najafi Nasab, Mohammad Ali Mohaghegh, Pirasteh Norouzi, Mehdi Mirzaii, Adel Spotin
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2019; 65: 88. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of Echinococcus species in dogs from four regions of Kenya
Erastus Mulinge, Japhet Magambo, David Odongo, Sammy Njenga, Eberhard Zeyhle, Cecilia Mbae, Dorothy Kagendo, Francis Addy, Dennis Ebi, Marion Wassermann, Peter Kern, Thomas Romig
Veterinary Parasitology.2018; 255: 49. CrossRef
Preliminary studies on the prevalence and genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus infection in stray dogs in Van Province, Turkey
Bekir Oguz, Nalan Ozdal, Ozlem Orunc Kilinc, M. Serdar Deger
Journal of Veterinary Research.2018; 62(4): 497. CrossRef
Hydatid Recurrence Medically Treated by Albendazole
Imen Khammari, Mohamed Amine El Ghali, Salsabil Nasri, Imen Dhib, Hamed Chouaieb, Alia Yaacoub, Moncef Ben Said, Rached Letaief, Akila Fathallah
The Open Parasitology Journal.2018; 6(1): 1. CrossRef
First molecular identification of Echinococcus vogeli and Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) G1 revealed in feces of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) from Acre, Brazil
Leandro Batista das Neves, Paulo Eduardo Ferlini Teixeira, Sidnei Silva, Fernanda Bittencourt de Oliveira, Daniel Daipert Garcia, Fernanda Barbosa de Almeida, Rosângela Rodrigues-Silva, José Roberto Machado-Silva
Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Cystic Echinococcosis in the Mediterranean
Tommaso Manciulli, M. Mariconti, A. Vola, R. Lissandrin, E. Brunetti
Current Tropical Medicine Reports.2017; 4(4): 235. CrossRef
Analysis of Lethality in Echinococcal Disease
Anna S. Khachatryan
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 549. CrossRef

11,427 View
121 Download
14 Web of Science
Crossref

Environmental Factors Related to Enterobiasis in a Southeast Region of Korea: Dong-Hee Kim, Min Kyoung Cho, Mi Kyung Park, Shin Ae Kang, Bo Young Kim, Sang Kyun Park, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):139-142.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.139

Abstract
PDF

Pinworm infection can occur through contact with contaminated surfaces followed by ingestion or even through inhalation of infective eggs. We have limited information regarding environmental contamination by eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. In order to determine environmental risk factors associated with the rate of E. vermicularis infection, we investigated possible environmental risk factors using a questionnaire from 46 kindergartens in 3 different cities of the southeast area of Korea. In total, using the cellotape anal swab technique, 3,422 children were examined for E. vermicularis infection. We evaluated E. vermicularis egg of books, educational materials, toys, room door handles, dusts of window edges, desks, chairs, tables, and dusts of classrooms. The overall egg-positive rate for E. vermicularis was 6.0%, and the prevalence of enterobiasis in each kindergarten ranged between 0% and 16.9%. We found that 78.9% of egg positive kindergartens were managed by private foundations, which was significantly higher, compared with kindergartens managed by public foundations or the nation. Compared with public or national kindergartens, most private kindergartens were located in residential areas and the number of children in these areas was significantly higher. In conclusion, numbers of children in kindergartens was found to be an environmental risk factor associated with transmission of enterobiasis in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Pinworm (Enterobius Vermicularis) Infestation: An Updated Review
Alexander K.C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam, Benjamin Barankin, Alex H.C. Wong, Kin F. Leong, Kam L. Hon
Current Pediatric Reviews.2025; 21(4): 333. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among rural schoolchildren in Zhejiang Province: a cross-sectional study
Jialie Jin, Wei Ruan, Wenjie Xu, Xuan Zhang, Kegen Yu, Hualiang Chen, Jiaqi Zhang, Jimin Sun, Jianmin Jiang, Xiaoxiao Wang
Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A 25-Year-Old Woman With Long-Lasting Abdominal Pain and Spleen Abscess
Anthony Amoroso, Priya Nori, David J Riedel, Paolo Agostinis, Dario Cappello, Niccolò Riccardi, Teresa Michelutti, Maria Orsaria, Verena Zerbato, Stefano Di Bella
Clinical Infectious Diseases.2023; 77(5): 795. CrossRef
Global prevalence of enterobiasis in young children over the past 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Elham Kia Lashaki, Azadeh Mizani, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Bentolhoda Habibi, Khadijeh Taherkhani, Amir Javadi, AliReza Taremiha, Samira Dodangeh
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(6): 441. CrossRef
Nutritional status, intestinal parasitic infections, and socio‐environmental conditions in Mbyá‐guaraní children: The current situation in communities incentral Misiones, Argentina
María Lorena Zonta, Andrea Servián, Guillermo Panisse, Evelia E. Oyhenart, Graciela T. Navone
American Journal of Human Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Enterobiasis among Yemeni children: a cross-sectional study
Abdulelah H. Al-Adhroey, Yahya A. Al-Ansi, Mohammed A. Al-Kholani, Abdulrahman H. Amer, Marwan M. Al-Khyat, Fadia H. Al Hubaishi, Radhwan H. Aziz, Ebrahim S. Al-Khateeb, Souad A. Al-Gabri, Tawfik M. Al-Gabri
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2022; 46(3): 722. CrossRef
Is pinworm infection still a public health concern among children in resource-rich regions? Trends in pinworm infection prevalence and associated factors among children in Hualien County, Taiwan: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Yu-Chao Hsiao, Jen-Hung Wang, Chia-Hsiang Chu, Yu-Hsun Chang, Yung-Chieh Chang, Rong-Hwa Jan, Shao-Yin Chu, Shang-Hsien Yang, Jui-Shia Chen, Ming-Chun Chen
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
High case enterobiasis in school children and potential eggs distribution on the bed
Didik Sumanto, Sayono E, Wulandari Meikawati, Tri Dewi Kristini, Wahyu Handoyo, Aris Sugiharto
Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation.2022; 10(1): 33. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Preschool Children: A 12-Year (2008-2019) Survey in Large Cities and Provinces of the Republic of Korea
Hyejoo Shin, Bong-Kwang Jung, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jiyeon Park, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Jae Young Park, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Jae Hyun Cho, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 421. CrossRef
Genetic variation of Enterobius vermicularis among schoolchildren in Thailand
K. Tomanakan, O. Sanpool, P. Chamavit, V. Lulitanond, P.M. Intapan, W. Maleewong
Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Morphological characteristic of Skrjabinema ovis (Nematoda, Oxyuridae) obtained from domestic sheep
V. V. Melnychuk, O. I. Reshetylo
Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection of Enterobius vermicularis in greater Berlin, 2007–2017: seasonality and increased frequency of detection
Johannes Friesen, Clara Bergmann, Robert Neuber, Jörg Fuhrmann, Thilo Wenzel, Anita Durst, Michael Müller, Ralf Ignatius
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2019; 38(4): 719. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis infection: prevalence and risk factors among preschool children in kindergarten in the capital area, Republic of the Marshall Islands
Chia-Kwung Fan, Ting-Wu Chuang, Ying-Chieh Huang, Ai-Wen Yin, Chia-Mei Chou, Yu-Ting Hsu, Ramson Kios, Shao-Lun Hsu, Ying-Ting Wang, Mai-Szu Wu, Jia-Wei Lin, Kennar Briand, Chia-Ying Tu
BMC Infectious Diseases.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Status of common parasitic diseases in Korea in 2019
Sun Huh
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2019; 62(8): 437. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among pre-school children in Taipei, Taiwan
Kuang-Yao Chen, Chuan-Min Yen, Kao-Pin Hwang, Lian-Chen Wang
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection.2018; 51(4): 559. CrossRef
Prevalence ofEnterobius vermicularisamong preschool children in 2003 and 2013 in Xinxiang city, Henan province, Central China
Shuai Wang, Zhijun Yao, Yichen Hou, Dong Wang, Haizhu Zhang, Jingbo Ma, Luwen Zhang, Shiguo Liu
Parasite.2016; 23: 30. CrossRef
Risk factors for Enterobius vermicularis infection in children in Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
Hong-Mei Li, Chang-Hai Zhou, Zhi-Shi Li, Zhuo-Hui Deng, Cai-Wen Ruan, Qi-Ming Zhang, Ting-Jun Zhu, Long-Qi Xu, Ying-Dan Chen
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
High Prevalence of <i>Enterobius vermicularis</i> Infection among Schoolchildren in Three Townships around Yangon, Myanmar
Jong-Yil Chai, Seung Koo Yang, Jae Won Kim, Soo-Lyoen Choi, Gyu-Young Song, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min-Jae Kim, Jaeeun Cho, Deok-Gyu Kim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Seon Cho, Jong-Bok Park, Sooji Hong, Thi Thi Htoon, Htay Htay Tin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(6): 771. CrossRef
Clinical Update on Parasitic Diseases
Min Seo
Korean Journal of Medicine.2013; 85(5): 469. CrossRef

10,359 View
144 Download
Crossref

Effect of Temperature on Embryonation of Ascaris suum Eggs in an Environmental Chamber: Min-Ki Kim, Kyoung-Ho Pyo, Young-Sang Hwang, Ki Hwan Park, In Gyun Hwang, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):239-242.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.239

Abstract
PDF

The influence of temperature on the development and embryonation of Ascaris suum eggs was studied using coarse sand medium in an environmental chamber with 50% humidity. The time required for development and embryonation of eggs was examined under 3 different temperature conditions, 5℃, 25℃, and 35℃. A. suum eggs did not develop over 1 month at the temperature of 5℃. However, other temperature conditions, 25℃ and 35℃, induced egg development to the 8-cell-stage at days 5-6 after incubation. All eggs examined developed to the 8-cell stage at day 6 after incubation in the sand medium at 25℃. The higher temperature, 35℃, slightly accelerated the A. suum egg development compared to 25℃, and the development to the 8-cell stage occurred within day 5 after incubation. The formation of larvae in A. suum eggs at temperatures of 35℃ and 25℃ appeared at days 17 and 19 after incubation, respectively. These findings show that 35℃ condition shortens the time for the development of A. suum eggs to the 8-cell-stage in comparison to 25℃, and suggest the possibility of accelerated transmission of this parasite, resulting from global warming and ecosystem changes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Possibilities of decontaminating organic waste from swine-farming complexes using anaerobic digestion
Olexandra Boyko, Viktor Brygadyrenko, Yelizaveta Chernysh, Viktoriia Chubur, Hynek Roubík
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery.2025; 15(7): 11175. CrossRef
Report of the Scientific Committee of the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN) on the effects of climate change on the risk of transmission of foodborne pathogens
Antonio Valero Díaz, Rosa María Capita González, Baltasar Mayo Pérez, Azucena del Carmen Mora Gutiérrez, María Dolores Rodrigo Aliaga, Gloria Sánchez Moragas, Paula Arrabal Durán
Food Risk Assess Europe.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Spatial modeling of soil-transmitted helminthiases in Colombia under climate change scenarios
Mario J. Olivera, Julián Felipe Porras-Villamil, Màrius Vicent Fuentes
Biomédica.2025; 45(Sp. 2): 68. CrossRef
Exposure of American Black Bears (Ursus americanus) to Ticks, Tick-Borne Diseases, and Intestinal Parasites in Wisconsin
Nika S. Reichert, Daniela Mathieu, Christopher J. Katz, Kent A. Hatch
Diversity.2024; 16(9): 537. CrossRef
Environmental modulators on the development of the raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis): Effects of temperature on the embryogenesis
Robin Stutz, Dorian D. Dörge, Anna V. Schantz, Norbert Peter, Sven Klimpel
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2024; 25: 100997. CrossRef
Influence of Tempetature on Viability and Deveplopment of Heterakis gallinarum (Nematoda, Heterakidae) Eggs
V. Yevstafieva, O. Omelchenko , V. Melnychuk , L. Nagorna , M. Petrenko , B. Shaferivskyi , S. Kravchenko , K. Suprunenko , L. Karysheva , S. Sheiko , T. Burda , N. Syzonenko , O. Savenkova , V. Liulka
zoodiversity.2024; 58(5): 435. CrossRef
Analysis of application status and development prospect of environmental chambers: A review
Dong Xie, Haixia Zhou, Lifeng Zhou, Chuck Wah Yu
Indoor and Built Environment.2023; 32(2): 305. CrossRef
Why Are We Still a Worm World in the 2020s? An Overview of Risk Factors and Endemicity for Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis
Adelson Ferreira Ramos Neto, Yvanna Louise Di Christine Oliveira, Luciana Maria de Oliveira, Roseli La Corte, Sona Jain, Divaldo Pereira de Lyra Junior, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, Silvio Santana Dolabella
Acta Parasitologica.2023; 68(3): 481. CrossRef
Epidemiology of gastrointestinal helminths among chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria: prevalence, helminth burden and associated risk factors
Jallailudeen Rabana Lawal, Saleh Mohammed Jajere, Umar Isa Ibrahim, Abdullahi Abubakar Biu, Dauda Jonathan
Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux.2023; 76: 1. CrossRef
The Prospective Effects of Climate Change on Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a Review
Ahmed K. Al-Delaimy
Current Environmental Health Reports.2022; 9(2): 315. CrossRef
Method optimisation for prolonged laboratory storage of Ascaridia galli eggs
Anwar Shifaw, Teka Feyera, Timothy Elliott, Brendan Sharpe, Isabelle Ruhnke, Stephen W. Walkden-Brown
Veterinary Parasitology.2022; 309: 109758. CrossRef
Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths among schoolchildren in An-Nadirah District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen after a decade of preventive chemotherapy
Walid M. S. Al-Murisi, Abdulsalam M. Al-Mekhlafi, Mohammed A. K. Mahdy, Sami Ahmed Al-Haidari, Dhekra A. Annuzaili, Ahmed Ali Qaid Thabit, Marcello Otake Sato
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(8): e0273503. CrossRef
Ascaridia galli eggs obtained from fresh excreta, worm uteri or worms cultured in artificial media differ in embryonation capacity and infectivity
Anwar Shifaw, Isabelle Ruhnke, Timothy Elliott, Brendan Sharpe, Teka Feyera, Stephen W. Walkden-Brown
Veterinary Parasitology.2022; 310: 109792. CrossRef
The Effects of Allium sativum L., Artemisia absinthium L., Cucurbita pepo L., Coriandrum sativum L., Satureja hortensis L. and Calendula officinalis L. on the Embryogenesis of Ascaris suum Eggs during an In Vitro Experimental Study
Mihai-Horia Băieş, Călin Gherman, Zsolt Boros, Diana Olah, Ana-Maria Vlase, Anamaria Cozma-Petruț, Adriana Györke, Doina Miere, Laurian Vlase, Gianina Crișan, Marina Spînu, Vasile Cozma
Pathogens.2022; 11(9): 1065. CrossRef
Persistent Ascaris Transmission Is Possible in Urban Areas Even Where Sanitation Coverage Is High
Drew Capone, Troy Barker, Oliver Cumming, Abeoseh Flemister, Riley Geason, Elizabeth Kim, Jackie Knee, Yarrow Linden, Musa Manga, Mackenzie Meldrum, Rassul Nala, Simrill Smith, Joe Brown
Environmental Science & Technology.2022; 56(22): 15969. CrossRef
The impact of climate change on neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review
Rachel Tidman, Bernadette Abela-Ridder, Rafael Ruiz de Castañeda
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2021; 115(2): 147. CrossRef
Effective low-cost preservation of human stools in field-based studies for helminth and microbiota analysis
Katharina Stracke, Poom Adisakwattana, Suparat Phuanukoonnon, Tippayarat Yoonuan, Akkarin Poodeepiyasawat, Paron Dekumyoy, Kittipong Chaisiri, Alexandra Roth Schulze, Stephen Wilcox, Harin Karunajeewa, Rebecca J. Traub, Aaron R. Jex
International Journal for Parasitology.2021; 51(9): 741. CrossRef
Ascaris lumbricoideseggs or artefacts? A diagnostic conundrum
M. P. Maurelli, L. C. Alves, C. S. Aggarwal, P. Cociancic, B. Levecke, P. Cools, A. Montresor, D. Ianniello, L. Gualdieri, G. Cringoli, L. Rinaldi
Parasitology.2021; 148(13): 1554. CrossRef
Inactivating Effects of Common Laboratory Disinfectants, Fixatives, and Temperatures on the Eggs of Soil Transmitted Helminths
Kristine J. Kines, Mark Fox, MacKevin Ndubuisi, Guilherme G. Verocai, Vitaliano Cama, Richard S. Bradbury, Anat Florentin
Microbiology Spectrum.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of multi-parallel qPCR and double-slide Kato-Katz for detection of soil-transmitted helminth infection among children in rural Bangladesh
Jade Benjamin-Chung, Nils Pilotte, Ayse Ercumen, Jessica R. Grant, Jacqueline R. M. A. Maasch, Andrew M. Gonzalez, Ashanta C. Ester, Benjamin F. Arnold, Mahbubur Rahman, Rashidul Haque, Alan E. Hubbard, Stephen P. Luby, Steven A. Williams, John M. Colford
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(4): e0008087. CrossRef
Viability and development of Ascaridia galli eggs recovered in artificial media followed by storage under different conditions
T. Feyera, I. Ruhnke, B. Sharpe, T. Elliott, D.L.M. Campbell, S.W. Walkden-Brown
Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular identification of potential intermediate hosts of Aulonocephalus pennula from the order Orthoptera
C. Henry, M.Z. Brym, A. Kalyanasundaram, R.J. Kendall
Journal of Helminthology.2019; 93(2): 166. CrossRef
Quick incubation process to determine inactivation of Ascaris and Toxocara eggs
C. Maya, M. Pérez, G. Velásquez, J. A. Barrios, A. Román, B. Jiménez
Water Science and Technology.2019; 80(12): 2328. CrossRef
Manure management and public health: Sanitary and socio-economic aspects among urban livestock-keepers in Cambodia
Gunilla Ström, Ann Albihn, Tomas Jinnerot, Sofia Boqvist, Agnes Andersson-Djurfeldt, Seng Sokerya, Kristina Osbjer, Sorn San, Holl Davun, Ulf Magnusson
Science of The Total Environment.2018; 621: 193. CrossRef
Seasonally timed treatment programs for Ascaris lumbricoides to increase impact—An investigation using mathematical models
Emma L. Davis, Leon Danon, Joaquín M. Prada, Sharmini A. Gunawardena, James E. Truscott, Johnny Vlaminck, Roy M. Anderson, Bruno Levecke, Eric R Morgan, T. Deirdre Hollingsworth, Guillermina Avila
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(1): e0006195. CrossRef
The impact of seasonality on the dynamics and control of Ascaris lumbricoides infections
A.J. Cooper, T. Déirdre Hollingsworth
Journal of Theoretical Biology.2018; 453: 96. CrossRef
The time–temperature relationship for the inactivation of Ascaris eggs
D. Naidoo, G. L. Foutch
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development.2018; 8(1): 123. CrossRef
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Potentially Zoonotic Helminths in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) Hunted in Central Italy
Roberto Amerigo Papini, Sara Vannucci, Guido Rocchigiani, Simona Nardoni, Francesca Mancianti
Macedonian Veterinary Review.2018; 41(1): 83. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of five parasitic pathogens in pregnant women in ten Caribbean countries
Fengguang Guo, Martin S. Forde, Stephen R. Werre, Rosina C. Krecek, Guan Zhu
Parasitology Research.2017; 116(1): 347. CrossRef
Effects of climate change on the occurrence and distribution of livestock diseases
B. Bett, P. Kiunga, J. Gachohi, C. Sindato, D. Mbotha, T. Robinson, J. Lindahl, D. Grace
Preventive Veterinary Medicine.2017; 137: 119. CrossRef
A multilevel study of the environmental determinants of swine ascariasis in England
Ângelo Joel Mendes, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Milton Severo, João Niza-Ribeiro
Preventive Veterinary Medicine.2017; 148: 10. CrossRef
Climate Change Contribution to the Emergence or Re-Emergence of Parasitic Diseases
Erica E Short, Cyril Caminade, Bolaji N Thomas
Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Embryonation ability of Ascaridia galli eggs isolated from worm uteri or host faeces
Shayan Rahimian, Matthias Gauly, Gürbüz Daş
Veterinary Parasitology.2016; 215: 29. CrossRef
Temperature dependent embryonic development of Trichuris suis eggs in a medicinal raw material
Nermina Vejzagić, Helene Kringel, Johan Musaeus Bruun, Allan Roepstorff, Stig Milan Thamsborg, Anette Blak Grossi, Christian M.O. Kapel
Veterinary Parasitology.2016; 215: 48. CrossRef
Climate change and foodborne transmission of parasites: A consideration of possible interactions and impacts for selected parasites
Kjersti Selstad Utaaker, Lucy J. Robertson
Food Research International.2015; 68: 16. CrossRef
Effect of temperature and shear stress on the viability of Ascaris suum
J. E. Thomas, J. T. Podichetty, Y. Shi, D. Belcher, R. Dunlap, K. McNamara, M. V. Reichard, J. Smay, A. J. Johannes, G. L. Foutch
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development.2015; 5(3): 402. CrossRef
Effect of fenbendazole on shedding and embryonation of Ascaris suum eggs from naturally infected sows
Jeremy Pittman, Gil Myers, Kenneth Stalder, Locke Karriker
Journal of Swine Health and Production.2015; 23(5): 252. CrossRef
Effects of Some Pesticides on Development of Ascaris suum Eggs
Yong-Man Yu, Jin-Won Kim, Won-Seok Na, Young-Nam Youn, In-Wook Choi, Young-Ha Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(1): 111. CrossRef
Assessment of parasitic contamination of raw vegetables in Mannuthy, Kerala state, India
B. Sunil, Divya Rani Thomas, C. Latha, H. Shameem
Veterinary World.2014; 7(4): 253. CrossRef