Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"in vitro"

Brief Communication

Evaluation of the anti-Toxoplasma gondii Activity of Hederagenin in vitro and in vivo: Run-Hui Zhang, Runhao Jin, Hao Deng, Qing-Kun Shen, Zhe-Shan Quan, Chun-Mei Jin; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(3):297-301.
Published online June 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.297

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii infection is widespread worldwide, not only posing a serious threat to human food safety and animal husbandry, but also endangering human health. The selectivity index was employed to measure anti-T. gondii activity. Hederagenin (HE) exhibited potent anti-T. gondii activity and low cytotoxicity. For this reason, HE was selected for in vivo experiments. HE showed 64.8%±13.1% inhibition for peritoneal tachyzoites in mice, higher than spiramycin 56.8%±6.0%. Biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde, illustrated that HE was a good inhibitor of T. gondii in vivo. This compound was also effective in relieving T. gondii-induced liver damage. Collectively, it was demonstrated that HE had potential as an anti-T. gondii agent.

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An updated review of the pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of hederagenin and its derivatives
Huize Zhang, Yong Li, Yi Liu
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comprehensive Insights into the Development of Antitoxoplasmosis Drugs: Current Advances, Obstacles, and Future Perspectives
Siyang Liu, Minghao Cai, Zhendi Liu, Weixin Gao, Junjie Li, Yuxueqing Li, Xiayire Abudouxukuer, Jili Zhang
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2024; 67(23): 20740. CrossRef
Sulfadiazine analogs: anti-Toxoplasma in vitro study of sulfonamide triazoles
Fadwa M Arafa, Doaa Hassan Osman, Mona Mohamed Tolba, Nadjet Rezki, Mohamed R Aouad, Mohamed Hagar, Mervat Osman, Heba Said
Parasitology Research.2023; 122(10): 2353. CrossRef
Synthesis and evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anti -Toxoplasma gondii activity of tetraoxane-substituted ursolic acid derivatives
Ya-Lan Wang, Li-Li Jin, Xu Cheng, Wei-Feng Yan, Hao Deng, Qing-Kun Shen, Zhe-Shan Quan, Chun-Mei Jin, Chang-Hao Zhang
Natural Product Research.2023; 37(21): 3654. CrossRef
Pharmacological overview of hederagenin and its derivatives
Xing Huang, Qing-Kun Shen, Hong-Yan Guo, Xiaoting Li, Zhe-Shan Quan
RSC Medicinal Chemistry.2023; 14(10): 1858. CrossRef
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Hederagenin Derivatives
Xing Huang, Changhao Zhang, Hao Deng, Qingkun Shen, Hongyan Guo, Zheshan Quan, Zhiyong Li, Lili Jin
Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry.2022; 42(9): 2877. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Electron Microscopic Alterations in Pediculus humanus capitis Exposed to Some Pediculicidal Plant Extracts: Dina M. H. El Akkad, Naglaa Saad M. El-Gebaly, Hebat-Allah Salah A. Yousof, Mousa A. M. Ismail; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):527-532.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.527

Abstract
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Head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis, infestation is an important public health problem in Egypt. Inadequate application of topical pediculicides and the increasing resistance to the commonly used pediculicides made the urgent need for the development of new agents able to induce irreversible changes in the exposed lice leading to their mortality. The aim of the present work is to evaluate pediculicidal efficacy of some natural products such as olive oil, tea tree oil, lemon juice, and ivermectin separately in comparison with tetramethrin-piperonyl butoxide (licid), as a standard pediculicide commonly used in Egypt. The effects of these products were evaluated by direct observation using dissecting and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). Results showed that after 1 hr exposure time in vitro, absolute (100%) mortalities were recorded after exposure to 1% ivermectin and fresh concentrate lemon juice. The mortalities were decreased to 96.7% after exposure to tea tree oil. Very low percentage of mortality (23.3%) was recorded after 1 hr of exposure to extra virgin olive oil. On the other hand, the reference pediculicide (licid) revealed only mortality rate of 93.3%. On the contrary, no mortalities were recorded in the control group exposed to distilled water. By SEM examination, control lice preserved outer smooth architecture, eyes, antenna, respiratory spiracles, sensory hairs, and legs with hook-like claws. In contrast, dead lice which had been exposed to pediculicidal products showed damage of outer smooth architecture, sensory hairs, respiratory spiracles and/or clinching claws according to pediculicidal products used.

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Australian Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil: an updated review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties
Andrea Bugarcic, Esther Joy Bowles, Kate Summer, Tamara Agnew, Bronwyn Barkla, Romy Lauche
Phytomedicine Plus.2025; 5(3): 100846. CrossRef
Toxicity of 6-gingerol and Cymbopogon citratus against Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae): Mortality, detoxifying enzymes, and morphological ultrastructure alterations in lice
Rizal Subahar, Rizqy Hadyansyah, Rachmanin Aldilla, Yulhasri Yulhasri, Rawina Winita, Surya Dwira, Gulshan Fahmi El Bayani
Research in Veterinary Science.2024; 177: 105364. CrossRef
D‐limonene nanoemulsion: lousicidal activity, stability, and effect on the cuticle of Columbicola columbae
Sahar M. Gadelhaq, Shawky M. Aboelhadid, Abdel‐Azeem S. Abdel‐Baki, Khaled M. Hassan, Waleed M. Arafa, Samar M. Ibrahium, Saleh Al‐Quraishy, Ahmed O. Hassan, Shams G. Abd El‐Kareem
Medical and Veterinary Entomology.2023; 37(1): 63. CrossRef
Ovicidal and Pediculicidal Activity of Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. Leaf Oil on Pediculus humanus capitis Egg to Adult Stages
Patwarapohn Udonsan, Ratchadawan Aukkanimart, Jatuporn Prathumtet, Somchai Butnan, Pranee Sriraj
Acta Parasitologica.2023; 68(4): 853. CrossRef
Biochemical constituents and insecticidal activities of Callistemon viminalis essential oil against adults and eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae)
Manachai Yingklang, Aroonsri Priprem, Natsajee Nualkaew, Bunleu Sungthong, Porntip Pinlaor, Somchai Pinlaor
Phytomedicine Plus.2022; 2(1): 100156. CrossRef
Antiparasitic Activity of Tea Tree Oil (TTO) and Its Components against Medically Important Ectoparasites: A Systematic Review
Solomon Abrha Bezabh, Wubshet Tesfaye, Julia K. Christenson, Christine F. Carson, Jackson Thomas
Pharmaceutics.2022; 14(8): 1587. CrossRef
Unravelling the anthelmintic bioactives from Jasminum grandiflorum L. subsp. Floribundum adopting in vitro biological assessment
Dorria Hussein, Riham A. El-Shiekh, Fatema R. Saber, Marwa M. Attia, Mohamed R. Mousa, Attia H. Atta, Essam Abdel-Sattar, Samar M. Mouneir
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2021; 275: 114083. CrossRef
In vitro experiments of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) resistance to permethrin and 6-paradol in East Jakarta: Detoxification enzyme activity and electron microscopic changes in lice
Rizal Subahar, Lisawati Susanto, Rachmanin Aidilla, Annisa Putri Aulia, Yulhasri Yulhasri, Rawina Winita, Nadar S. Lubis, Ika Puspa Sari
Veterinary World.2021; : 3065. CrossRef
Ovicidal effect of essential oils from Zingiberaceae plants and Eucalytus globulus on eggs of head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer
Mayura Soonwera, Orawan Wongnet, Sirawut Sittichok
Phytomedicine.2018; 47: 93. CrossRef

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In Vitro Schistosomicidal Activity of Phytol and Tegumental Alterations Induced in Juvenile and Adult Stages of Schistosoma haematobium: Maysa Ahmad Eraky, Nagwa Shaban Mohamed Aly, Rabab Fawzy Selem, Asmaa Abd El-Monem El-Kholy, Gehan Abd El-Rahman Rashed; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):477-484.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.477

Abstract
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There is renewed interest in natural products as a starting point for discovery of drugs for schistosomiasis. Recent studies have shown that phytol reveals interesting in vivo and in vitro antischistosomal properties against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. Here, we report the in vitro antischistosomal activity of phytol against Schistosoma haematobium juvenile and adult worms and alterations on the tegumental surface of the worms by means of scanning electron microscopy. The assay, which was carried out with 6 concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 μg/ml) of phytol, has shown a promising activity in a dose and time-dependent manner. There was a significant decline in the motility of the worms and a mortality rate of 100% was found at 48 hr after they had been exposed to phytol in the concentration of 150 μg/ml. Male worms were more susceptible. On the ultrastructural level, phytol also induced tegumental peeling, disintegration of tubercles and spines in addition to morphological disfiguring of the oral and ventral suckers. This report provides the first evidence that phytol is able to kill S. haematobium of different ages, and emphasizes that it is a promising natural product that could be used for development of a new schistosomicidal agent.

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Water knotweed is an important candidate for preclinical trials with its high photoprotection and remarkable bioactive properties
Emine Bagdatli, Aliye Gediz Erturk
European Journal of Integrative Medicine.2024; 66: 102340. CrossRef
Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in the Treatment of Schistosomiasis
Carine Machado Azevedo, Cássio Santana Meira, Jaqueline Wang da Silva, Danielle Maria Nascimento Moura, Sheilla Andrade de Oliveira, Cícero Jádson da Costa, Emanuelle de Souza Santos, Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
Molecules.2023; 28(19): 6807. CrossRef
Biomedical Activities of Florasol
Paramasivam Selvakumar
Journal of Preventive, Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies in Medicine.2022; 1(3): 158. CrossRef
Phytochemical Analysis of the Essential Oils From Aerial Parts of Four Scutellaria “Skullcap” Species Cultivated in South Alabama: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, S. Barbata D. Don, S. Incana Biehler, and S. Lateriflora L
Sims K. Lawson, Prabodh Satyal, William N. Setzer
Natural Product Communications.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Barbatic acid from Cladia aggregata (lichen): Cytotoxicity and in vitro schistosomicidal evaluation and ultrastructural analysis against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni
H.A.M.F. Silva, A.L. Aires, C.L.R. Soares, J.L.F. Sá, M.C.B. Martins, M.C.P.A. Albuquerque, T.G. Silva, F.A. Brayner, L.C. Alves, A.M.M.A. Melo, N.H. Silva
Toxicology in Vitro.2020; 65: 104771. CrossRef
Anti‐Schistosoma mansoni effects of essential oils and their components
Muhammad Torequl Islam, Miquel Martorell, Bahare Salehi, William N. Setzer, Javad Sharifi‐Rad
Phytotherapy Research.2020; 34(8): 1761. CrossRef
Characteristics and function of cathepsin L3 from Schistosoma japonicum
Wenling Huang, Mengjie Gu, Wenjun Cheng, Qin Ping Zhao, Zhenping Ming, Huifen Dong
Parasitology Research.2020; 119(5): 1619. CrossRef
Efficacy of artemisinin–naphthoquine phosphate against Schistosoma haematobium adult flukes: dose–effect relationship and tegumental alterations
S.N. El-Beshbishi, S. El Bardicy, M. Tadros, M. Ayoub, A. Taman
Journal of Helminthology.2019; 93(04): 513. CrossRef
Antischistosomal Agents: State of Art and Perspectives
Eloi M Lago, Rogério P Xavier, Thaina R Teixeira, Lívia M Silva, Ademar A da Silva Filho, Josué de Moraes
Future Medicinal Chemistry.2018; 10(1): 89. CrossRef
Toxin-Pathogen Synergy Reshaping Detoxification and Antioxidant Defense Mechanism of Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor)
Ahmed Mohammed AlJabr, Abid Hussain, Muhammad Rizwan-ul-haq
Molecules.2018; 23(8): 1978. CrossRef
Assessment of tegumental damage to Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium after in vitro exposure to ferrocenyl, ruthenocenyl and benzyl derivatives of oxamniquine using scanning electron microscopy
Valentin Buchter, Jeannine Hess, Gilles Gasser, Jennifer Keiser
Parasites & Vectors.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Antimalarial Drugs in Hainan Island, China: Shan-Qing Wang, Guang-Ze Wang, Yu-Chun Li, Feng Meng, Shi-Gan Lin, Zhen-Hu Zhu, Ding-Wei Sun, Chang-Hua He, Xi-Min Hu, Jian-Wei Du; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):35-41.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.35

Abstract
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Pyronaridine and artesunate have been shown to be effective in falciparum malaria treatment. However, pyronaridine is rarely used in Hainan Island clinically, and artesunate is not widely used as a therapeutic agent. Instead, conventional antimalarial drugs, chloroquine and piperaquine, are used, explaining the emergence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. In this article, we investigated the sensitivity of P. falciparum to antimalarial drugs used in Hainan Island for rational drug therapy. We performed in vivo (28 days) and in vitro tests to determine the sensitivity of P. falciparum to antimalarial drugs. Total 46 patients with falciparum malaria were treated with dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate (DUO-COTECXIN) and followed up for 28 day. The cure rate was 97.8%. The mean fever clearance time (22.5±10.6 hr) and the mean parasite clearance time (27.3±12.2 hr) showed no statistical significance with different genders, ages, temperatures, or parasite density (P>0.05). The resistance rates of chloroquine, piperaquine, pyronarididine, and artesunate detected in vitro were 71.9%, 40.6%, 12.5%, and 0%, respectively (P<0.0001). The resistance intensities decreased as follows: chloroquine>piperaquine>pyronarididine>artesunate. The inhibitory dose 50 (IC₅₀) was 3.77×10^-6 mol/L, 2.09×10^-6 mol/L, 0.09×10^-6 mol/L, and 0.05×10^-6 mol/L, and the mean concentrations for complete inhibition (CIMC) of schizont formation were 5.60×10^-6 mol/L, 9.26×10^-6 mol/L, 0.55×10^-6 mol/L, and 0.07×10^-6 mol/L, respectively. Dihydroartemisinin showed a strong therapeutic effect against falciparum malaria with a low toxicity.

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Evaluation Algorithm of Volleyball Players’ Competitive Ability Based on the Random Matrix Model
Tailin Wang, Hua Zheng, Fangshu Li, Nian Jia, Zengliang Cai, Ning Cao
Mathematical Problems in Engineering.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

In Vitro Trypanocidal Activity of Macela (Achyrocline satureioides) Extracts against Trypanosoma evansi: Matheus D. Baldissera, Camila B. Oliveira, Carine E. P. Zimmermann, Aline A. Boligon, Margareth Linde Athayde, Leandro P. Bolzan, Rodrigo de A. Vaucher, Janio M. Santurio, Michele R. Sagrillo, Aleksandro Schafer da Silva, Silvia G. Monteiro; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):311-315.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.311

Abstract
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The aim of this study was to verify the trypanocidal effectiveness of aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts of Achyrocline satureioides against Trypanosoma evansi in vitro. A. satureioides extracts, known as macela, were used on trypomastigotes at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 ?g/ml) and exposure times (0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 hr). A dose-dependent effect was observed when the 3 extracts were tested. The concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 ?g/ml were not able to kill trypomastigotes until 3 hr after exposure, and the highest concentrations (500 and 1,000 ?g/ml) were able to kill all trypomastigotes after 1 hr. When the time of exposure was increased up to 9 hr, the concentrations at 50 and 100 ?g/ml were 100% effective to 3 extracts. The chemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, a trypanocidal compound already described. Based on the results, we can conclude that the A. satureioides extracts exhibit trypanocidal effects.

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Achyrocline satureioides infusion, popularly prepared and consumed, has an in vitro protective effect on human neural cells exposed to rotenone
Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz, Maria Eduarda Chelotti, Barbara Osmarin Turra, Nathália Cardoso de Afonso Bonotto, Débora Felipetto Pulcinelli, Ana Laura Kerkhoff Escher, Caroline Klein, Paola de Azevedo Mello, Gustavo Rossato Bitencourt, Fernanda Barbisan
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2024; 332: 118350. CrossRef
Achyrocline satureioides review: From the pharmacochemical diversity to the technological development of products
Sara Elis Bianchi, Gabriela de Carvalho Meirelles, Victorya Benes Raabe, Kellen Cristhinia Borges de Souza, Valquiria Linck Bassani
Fitoterapia.2023; 168: 105537. CrossRef
Acaricidal and anthelmintic action of ethanolic extract and essential oil of Achyrocline satureioides
Rafaela Regina Fantatto, Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas, Yousmel Alemán Gainza, Flávio Augusto Sanches Politi, Leonardo Mendes de Souza Mesquita, Wagner Vilegas, Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo, Ílio Montanari Junior, Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues Pietro
Experimental Parasitology.2022; 236-237: 108252. CrossRef
Trypanocidal Essential Oils: A Review
Mayara Castro de Morais, Jucieudo Virgulino de Souza, Carlos da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho, Silvio Santana Dolabella, Damião Pergentino de Sousa
Molecules.2020; 25(19): 4568. CrossRef
Untargeted LC–MS metabolomic studies of Asteraceae species to discover inhibitors of Leishmania major dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
Lucas A. Chibli, Annylory L. Rosa, Maria Cristina Nonato, Fernando B. Da Costa
Metabolomics.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Purification, structural elucidation, antioxidant capacity and neuroprotective potential of the main polyphenolic compounds contained in Achyrocline satureioides (Lam) D.C. (Compositae)
Marcela Martínez-Busi, Florencia Arredondo, David González, Carolina Echeverry, Mauricio A. Vega-Teijido, Diego Carvalho, Alejandra Rodríguez-Haralambides, Felicia Rivera, Federico Dajas, Juan A. Abin-Carriquiry
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry.2019; 27(12): 2579. CrossRef
Anticancer activity of flavonoids isolated from Achyrocline satureioides in gliomas cell lines
Priscila Oliveira de Souza, Sara Elis Bianchi, Fabrício Figueiró, Luana Heimfarth, Karla Suzana Moresco, Rosângela Mayer Gonçalves, Juliana Bender Hoppe, Caroline Peres Klein, Christianne Gazzana Salbego, Daniel Pens Gelain, Valquíria Linck Bassani, Alfeu
Toxicology in Vitro.2018; 51: 23. CrossRef
Insight into trypanosomosis (Surra) of Indian livestock: Recent updates
VEER SINGH, BISWA RANJAN MAHARANA
The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences.2018; 88(10): 1101. CrossRef
Achyrocline satureioides essential oil-loaded in nanocapsules reduces cytotoxic damage in liver of rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi
Camila S. Ritter, Matheus D. Baldissera, Thirssa H. Grando, Carine F. Souza, Michele R. Sagrillo, Ana Paula T. da Silva, Rafael N. Moresco, Naiara S. Guarda, Aleksandro S. da Silva, Lenita M. Stefani, Silvia G. Monteiro
Microbial Pathogenesis.2017; 103: 149. CrossRef
Effect of the treatment with Achyrocline satureioides (free and nanocapsules essential oil) and diminazene aceturate on hematological and biochemical parameters in rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi
Guilherme M. Do Carmo, Matheus D. Baldissera, Rodrigo A. Vaucher, Virginia Cielo Rech, Camila B. Oliveira, Michele Rorato Sagrillo, Aline A. Boligon, Margareth L. Athayde, Marta P. Alves, Raqueli T. França, Sonia T.A. Lopes, Claiton I. Schwertz, Ricardo E
Experimental Parasitology.2015; 149: 39. CrossRef

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Original Articles

In Vitro Maintenance of Clonorchis sinensis Adult Worms: Md. Hafiz Uddin, Shunyu Li, Young Mee Bae, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):309-315.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.309

Abstract
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Clonorchis sinensis is a biological carcinogen inducing human cholangiocarcinoma, and clonorchiasis is one of the important endemic infectious diseases in East Asia. The present study investigated survival longevity of C. sinensis adult worms in various in vitro conditions to find the best way of keeping the worms longer. The worms were maintained in 0.85% NaCl, 1×PBS, 1×Locke's solution, RPMI-1640, DMEM, and IMDM media, and in 1×Locke's solution with different supplements. All of the worms died within 3 and 7 days in 0.85% NaCl and 1×PBS, respectively, but survived up to 57 days in 1×Locke's solution. The worms lived for 106 days in DMEM, and 114 days in both RPMI-1640 and IMDM media. The survival rate in RPMI-1640 medium was the highest (50%) compared to that in DMEM (20±10%) and in IMDM (33.3±25.2%) after 3 months. The 1×Locke's solution with 0.005% bovine bile supplement showed increased duration of maximum survival from 42 days to 70 days. Higher concentration of bile supplements than 0.005% or addition of glucose were disadvantageous for the worm survival. The worms died rapidly in solutions containing L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, and adenine compared to L-arginine, L-serine, and L-tryptophan. In conclusion, the 1×Locke's solution best supports the worms alive among inorganic solutions for 57 days, and the RPMI-1640 medium maintains living C. sinensis adults better and longer up to 114 days in vitro than other media.

Citations

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Clonorchis sinensis and Cholangiocarcinoma
Eun-Min Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Smita Sutrave, Martin Heinrich Richter
Microorganisms.2023; 11(7): 1708. CrossRef
In vitro culture and morphology of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) collected from the intestine of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) farmed in the Brazilian Amazon
M. I. B. Oliveira, C. Majolo, F. A. Sebastião, M. Tavares-Dias, F. R. Brandão, E. C. Chagas
Brazilian Journal of Biology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics of potential inhibitors targeting sodium-bile acid co-transporter of carcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis
Won Gi Yoo, Fuhong Dai, Jhang Ho Pak, Sung-Jong Hong, Jin-Ho Song, Sutas Suttiprapa
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(11): e0010909. CrossRef
Amino acids serve as an important energy source for adult flukes of Clonorchis sinensis
Shan Li, Xueqing Chen, Juanjuan Zhou, Zhizhi Xie, Mei Shang, Lei He, Pei Liang, Tingjin Chen, Qiang Mao, Chi Liang, Xuerong Li, Yan Huang, Xinbing Yu, John Pius Dalton
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(4): e0008287. CrossRef
Sodium-bile acid co-transporter is crucial for survival of a carcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis in the bile
Fuhong Dai, Won Gi Yoo, Yanyan Lu, Jin-Ho Song, Ji-Yun Lee, Youngro Byun, Jhang Ho Pak, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, John Pius Dalton
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(12): e0008952. CrossRef
Characterization of a novel organic solute transporter homologue from Clonorchis sinensis
Yanyan Lu, Won Gi Yoo, Fuhong Dai, Ji-Yun Lee, Jhang Ho Pak, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, John Pius Dalton
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(4): e0006459. CrossRef
Sequence analysis and characterization of pyruvate kinase from Clonorchis sinensis, a 53.1-kDa homopentamer, implicated immune protective efficacy against clonorchiasis
Tingjin Chen, Hongye Jiang, Hengchang Sun, Zhizhi Xie, Pengli Ren, Lu Zhao, Huimin Dong, Mengchen Shi, Zhiyue Lv, Zhongdao Wu, Xuerong Li, Xinbing Yu, Yan Huang, Jin Xu
Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
C3H/He Mice as an Incompatible Cholangiocarcinoma Model by Clonorchis sinensis, Dicyclanil and N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Md. Hafiz Uddin, Shunyu Li, Yan Jin, Min-Ho Choi, Ja June Jang, Sung-Tae Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(3): 281. CrossRef
Clonorchis sinensis acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase: identification and characterization of its potential role in surviving in the bile duct
Jinsi Lin, Hongling Qu, Guishan Chen, Lei He, Yanquan Xu, Zhizhi Xie, Mengyu Ren, Jiufeng Sun, Shan Li, Wenjun Chen, Xueqing Chen, Xiaoyun Wang, Xuerong Li, Chi Liang, Yan Huang, Xinbing Yu
Parasites & Vectors.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Involvement of PSMD10, CDK4, and Tumor Suppressors in Development of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma of Syrian Golden Hamsters Induced by Clonorchis sinensis and N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Md. Hafiz Uddin, Min-Ho Choi, Woo Ho Kim, Ja-June Jang, Sung-Tae Hong, Xiao-Nong Zhou
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2015; 9(8): e0004008. CrossRef
Advanced Enzymology, Expression Profile and Immune Response of Clonorchis sinensis Hexokinase Show Its Application Potential for Prevention and Control of Clonorchiasis
Tingjin Chen, Jinyun Yu, Zeli Tang, Zhizhi Xie, Zhipeng Lin, Hengchang Sun, Shuo Wan, Xuerong Li, Yan Huang, Xinbing Yu, Jin Xu, Aaron R. Jex
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2015; 9(3): e0003641. CrossRef
Production and Deformation of Clonorchis sinensis Eggs during In Vitro Maintenance
Md. Hafiz Uddin, Young Mee Bae, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong, Jason Mulvenna
PLoS ONE.2012; 7(12): e52676. CrossRef

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Drug Resistance and in Vitro Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand during 1988-2003: Nantana Suwandittakul, Wanna Chaijaroenkul, Pongchai Harnyuttanakorn, Mathirut Mungthin, Kesara Na Bangchang; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):139-144.
Published online May 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.139

Abstract
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The aim of the present study was to investigate antimalarial drug pressure resulting from the clinical use of different antimalarials in Thailand. The phenotypic diversity of the susceptibility profiles of antimalarials, i.e., chloroquine (CQ), quinine (QN), mefloquine (MQ), and artesunate (ARS) in Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected during the period from 1988 to 2003 were studied. P. falciparum isolates from infected patients were collected from the Thai-Cambodian border area at different time periods (1988-1989, 1991-1992, and 2003), during which 3 different patterns of drug use had been implemented: MQ + sulphadoxine (S) + pyrimethamine (P), MQ alone and MQ + ARS, respectively. The in vitro drug susceptibilities were investigated using a method based on the incorporation of [³H] hypoxanthine. A total of 50 isolates were tested for susceptibilities to CQ, QN, MQ, and ARS. Of these isolates, 19, 16, and 15 were adapted during the periods 1988-1989, 1991-1993, and 2003, respectively. P. falciparum isolates collected during the 3 periods were resistant to CQ. Sensitivities to MQ declined from 1988 to 2003. In contrast, the parasite was sensitive to QN, and similar sensitivity profile patterns were observed during the 3 time periods. There was a significantly positive but weak correlation between the IC₅₀ values of CQ and QN, as well as between the IC₅₀ values of QN and MQ. Drug pressure has impact on sensitivity of P. falciparum to MQ. A combination therapy of MQ and ARS is being applied to reduce the parasite resistance, and also increasing the efficacy of the drug.

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In vitro sensitivity of antimalarial drugs and correlation with clinico-parasitological response following treatment with a 3-day artesunate-mefloquine combination in patients with falciparum malaria along the Thai-Myanmar border
Phunuch Muhamad, Artitaya Thiengsusuk, Papichaya Phompradit, Kesara Na-Bangchang
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Ex vivo drug sensitivity profiles of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from Cambodia and Thailand, 2005 to 2010, determined by a histidine-rich protein-2 assay
Stuart D Tyner, Chanthap Lon, Youry Se, Delia Bethell, Doung Socheat, Harald Noedl, Darapiseth Sea, Wichai Satimai, Kurt Schaecher, Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt, Mark M Fukuda, Suwanna Chaorattanakawee, Kritsanai Yingyuen, Siratchana Sundrakes, Panjaporn Chaicha
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Is it too soon to eliminate quinine?
Hubert Barennes, Leila M Srour, Eric Pussard
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In vitro culture of Cryptosporidium muris in a human stomach adenocarcinoma cell line: Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Woo-Yoon Park, Jae-Ran Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(1):27-34.
Published online March 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.1.27

Abstract
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We investigated the optimal culture conditions for Cryptosporidium muris in a human stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line by determining the effects of medium pH and of selected supplements on the development of C. muris. The optimum pH of the culture medium required for the development of C. muris was determined to be 6.6. The number of parasites significantly increased during cultivation for 72 hr (p < 0.05) at this level. On the other hand, numbers decreased linearly after 24 hr of incubation at pH 7.5. When cultured in different concentrations of serum, C. muris in media containing 5% FBS induced 4-7 times more parasites than in 1% or 10% serum. Of the six medium supplements examined, only 1 mM pyruvate enhanced the number of C. muris in vitro. Transmission electron microscopic observation showed the developmental stages of C. muris in the cytoplasm of the cells, not in an extracytoplasmic location. The growth of C. muris in AGS cells provides a means of investigating its biological characteristics and of testing its response to therapeutic agents. However, a more optimized culture system is needed for the recovery of oocysts on a large scale in vitro.

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Response of cell lines to actual and simulated inoculation with Cryptosporidium proliferans
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The fine structure of sexual stage development and sporogony ofCryptosporidium parvumin cell-free culture
HEBATALLA M. ALDEYARBI, PANAGIOTIS KARANIS
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Morphology and infectivity of virus that persistently caused infection in an AGS cell line
Yukimasa Ooi, Eriko Daikoku, Hong Wu, Hiroaki Aoki, Chizuko Morita, Takashi Nakano, Takehiro Kohno, Tomohiko Takasaki, Kouichi Sano
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P. Karanis, H.M. Aldeyarbi
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Liang Wu, Sheng-xia Chen, Xu-gan Jiang, Yu-juan Shen, Zhao-xi Lu, Guo-hua Tu, Xing-li Fu, Jian-ping Cao
Parasitology Research.2009; 105(5): 1419. CrossRef

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Laboratory passage and characterization of an isolate of Toxoplasma gondii from an ocular patient in Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Aifen Lin, Eun-Hee Shin, Myoung-Don Oh, Eun-Taek Han, Ho-Woo Nam, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(3):147-154.
Published online September 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.3.147

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were isolated from the blood of an ocular patient, and have been successfully passaged in the laboratory, for over a year, by peritoneal inoculation in mice. The isolated parasite was designated the Korean Isolate-1 (KI-1) and its characteristics were compared with those of the RH strain, a well-known virulent strain originating from a child who suffered from encephalitis. The morphology, pathogenicity, infectivity and cell culture characteristics of the KI-1 were similar to those of the RH strain. Both RH and KI-1 antigens were detected by an anti-T. gondii monoclonal antibody (mAb), Tg563, against the major surface protein SAG1 (30 kDa), whereas no reaction was observed against an anti-Neospora caninum mAb, 12B4. The KI-1 was confirmed as an isolate of T. gondii. A long-term laboratory maintenance and characterization of a local T. gondii isolate is reported for the first time in the Republic of Korea.

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Brief Communication

Postmetacercarial changes in Echinostoma caproni maintained in a defined medium plus calf serum: Bernard Fried, Aditya Reddy; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(3):173-175.
Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.3.173

Abstract
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The present study examined postmetacercarial changes in the excysted metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni maintained in the defined medium Mixture 199 plus 20% calf serum for 7 days at 41℃. The gas phase was atmospheric air. Each culture was inoculated with 25 excysted metacerariae. Cultures were maintained upright in closed 15 ml plastic centrifuge tubes each containing 10 ml of medium plus 200 units of penicillin/ml and 200 ?g of streptomycin/ml. By 4 days in culture, most metacercariae had voided their excretory concretions. Organisms were clumped or solitary at the bottom of the cultures. Many organisms showed flaring of the oral collar and extension of both the collar and tegumentary spines. By 4 days in culture, posterior protuberances or bumps were noted on many of the organisms and some organisms showed abnormal vesicular growths or blebs at their posterior ends. Some mortality was noted in culture by day 5, but most organisms were still alive when the cultures were terminated on day 7.

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In vitro excystation of Echinostoma paraensei (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) metacercariae assessed by light microscopy, morphometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy
Joyce Souza, Juberlan Garcia, Renata H. Neves, José Roberto Machado-Silva, Arnaldo Maldonado
Experimental Parasitology.2013; 135(4): 701. CrossRef

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Original Articles

In vitro infection of Cryptosporidium parvum to four different cell lines: Jae-Ran Yu, Sung-Don Choi, Young-Wook Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):59-64.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.59

Abstract
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To determine a suitable condition for in vitro infection model of Cryptosporidium parvum, four different cell lines, AGS, MDCK, HCT-8 and Caco-2, were used as host cell lines which were cultured at various concentrations of added supplements. These supplement include fetal bovine serum (FBS), sodium choleate, ascorbic acid, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, para-aminobenzoic acid and pyruvate and their effects on the cell lines which were infected with C. parvum were evaluated. The results of this study showed that the AGS cell line was most susceptible to C. parvum whereas the Caco-2 cells appeared to be least susceptible to C. parvum. In regards to the serum condition, 10% FBS was suitable for the growth of AGS and HCT-8 cells, and 1% FBS was good for the growth of the MDCK cells when they were inoculated with C. parvum. Vitamines had a positive effect on the AGS cells, and pyruvate also showed positive effects on all of the cell lines except for Caco-2. Modified medium for each cell line was prepared by adding appropriate amounts of each supplement which resulted in the highest parasite infection number. Modified media increased the number of parasites infected on AGS cells to 2.3-fold higher when compared to the control media. In this study, we found that the AGS cell line was a suitable host model for evaluating C. parvum in vitro study and the media contents for the optimal infection conditions were suggested.

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Alyaa Farid, Aya Tawfik, Basil Elsioufy, Gehan Safwat
International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance.2021; 17: 156. CrossRef
Response of cell lines to actual and simulated inoculation with Cryptosporidium proliferans
Janka Melicherová, Lada Hofmannová, Andrea Valigurová
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A new in vitro model using small intestinal epithelial cells to enhance infection of Cryptosporidium parvum
Eunice A. Varughese, Christina L. Bennett-Stamper, Larry J. Wymer, Jagjit S. Yadav
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Apicomplexan infections in the gut
C. L. Wilhelm, F. Yarovinsky
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P. Karanis, H.M. Aldeyarbi
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Morphology and infectivity of virus that persistently caused infection in an AGS cell line
Yukimasa Ooi, Eriko Daikoku, Hong Wu, Hiroaki Aoki, Chizuko Morita, Takashi Nakano, Takehiro Kohno, Tomohiko Takasaki, Kouichi Sano
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K.M. Woods, S.J. Upton
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In vitro culture of Cryptosporidium muris in a human stomach adenocarcinoma cell line
Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Woo-Yoon Park, Jae-Ran Yu
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MICROBIAL ADHESION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM SPOROZOITES: PURIFICATION OF AN INHIBITORY LIPID FROM BOVINE MUCOSA
Julie K. Johnson, Joann Schmidt, Howard B. Gelberg, Mark S. Kuhlenschmidt
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IcsB, secreted via the type III secretion system, is chaperoned by IpgA and required at the post‐invasion stage of Shigella pathogenicity
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The effect of microfilament inhibitor on the Cryptosporidium infection in vitro
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Effects of in vitro culture methods on morphological development and infectivity of Strongyloides venezuelensis filariform larvae: M. Khyrul Islam, Kiku Matsuda, Jin-Ho Kim, Byeong-Kirl Baek; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(1):13-19.
Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.1.13

Abstract
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The effects of in vitro culture methods on morphological development and infectivity of Strongyloides venezuelensis filariform larvae (L₃) to rats were investigated. A significantly higher body length was observed in L₃ from filter paper culture (597.3 ± 32.2 ?m) than those in fecal (509.9 ± 35.0 ?m) and nutrient broth culture (503.3 ± 31.0 ?m) (P<0.05). Larval infectivity was assessed by exposing rats to 1,000 L₃ from each culture and worms were recovered from the lungs and small intestines. Recovery rate of these worms did not show any significant difference. A significantly greater body length of adults was recorded in those corresponding to the L₃ harvested from filter paper (2,777.5 ± 204.4 ?m) and nutrient broth culture (2,732.5 ± 169.8 ?m) than those corresponding to the L₃ obtained from fecal culture (2,600.5 ± 172.4 ?m) (P<0.05). Although worm fecundity and EPG counts differed among culture methods but worm burdens and course of infection did not. These findings suggest that the methods of cultures have a significant effect on the morphological development of the larvae to the L₃ stage, but do not influence the infectivity to rats.

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Venestatin from parasitic helminths interferes with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-mediated immune responses to promote larval migration
Daigo Tsubokawa, Taisei Kikuchi, Jae Man Lee, Takahiro Kusakabe, Yasuhiko Yamamoto, Haruhiko Maruyama, James B. Lok
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Strongyloides ratti and S. venezuelensis – rodent models of Strongyloides infection
MARK VINEY, TAISEI KIKUCHI
Parasitology.2017; 144(3): 285. CrossRef
Venestatin, a Ca ++ -binding protein from the parasitic nematode Strongyloides venezuelensis , is involved in the larval migration process
Daigo Tsubokawa, Takeshi Hatta, Taisei Kikuchi, Hiroki Maeda, Fusako Mikami, M. Abdul Alim, Haruhiko Maruyama, Naotoshi Tsuji
International Journal for Parasitology.2017; 47(8): 501. CrossRef
Viability of Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs and larvae in vermiculite containing the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans
Laryssa Pinheiro Costa Silva, Carolina Magri Ferraz, Anderson Rocha Aguiar, Jackson Victor Araújo, Steveen Rios Ribeiro, Débora Goldner Rossi, Luanderson Queiroz Mendes, Fausto Edmundo Lima Pereira, Narcisa Imaculada Brant Moreira, Fabio Ribeiro Braga
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Development of free-living stages of Strongyloides ratti under different temperature conditions
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Eiji Nagayasu, Yoshitoshi Ogura, Takehiko Itoh, Ayako Yoshida, Gunimala Chakraborty, Tetsuya Hayashi, Haruhiko Maruyama
Parasitology International.2013; 62(1): 57. CrossRef
Characterization of the protective response against a homologous challenge infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis in rats
B.K Baek, M.K Islam, B.S Kim, C.W Lim, J Hur, A.O Oluoch, C.H Kim, I Kakoma
Veterinary Parasitology.2003; 113(3-4): 217. CrossRef
Persistent infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Byeong-Kirl Baek, In-Soo Whang, M. Khyrul Islam, Byeong-Soo Kim, Ibulaimu Kakoma
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2002; 40(4): 181. CrossRef
Partial cross-resistance between Strongyloides venezuelensis and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats
Byeong-Kirl Baek, M. Khyrul Islam, Jin-Ho Kim, John-Wha Lee, Jin Hur
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1999; 37(2): 101. CrossRef

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In Vitro Cultivation of Cymatocarpus solearis (Brachycoeliidae) Metacercariae to Obtain the Adult Stage without the Marine Turtle Definitive Host: Grano-Maldonado, Mayra , Alvarez-Cadena, Jose; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):49-55.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.49

Abstract
PDF

In vitro cultivation of trematodes would assist studies on the basic biology of the parasites and their hosts. This is the first study to use the yolk of unfertilized chicken eggs as a simple and successful method of ovocultivation and the first time to obtain the adult-stage of the trematode Cymatocarpus solearis Braun, 1899 (Digenea: Brachycoeliidae). Chicken eggs were inoculated with metacercariae from the muscle of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804). The metacercariae were excysted and incubated for 576 hr (24 days) at 38degrees C to obtain the adult stage. Eggs in utero were normal in shape and light brown color. The metacercariae developed into mature parasites that have been identified as the adult-stage found in marine turtles. The adult lobsters collected in Quintana Roo State, Mexico, showed the prevalence of 49.4% and the mean intensity of 26.0 per host (n = 87). A statistical study was performed to determine that no parasitic preference was detected for male versus female parasitized lobsters. Morphometric measurements of the adult-stage of C. solearis obtained in our study have been deposited in the National Helminths Collection of the Institute of Biology of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. This study is significant because it is the first time that a digenean of the family Brachycoeliidae has been demonstrated to develop in vitro from metacercariae into adults capable of producing eggs using the yolk of unfertilized chicken eggs. Secondly, this technique allows to obtain the adult stage of C. solearis without the presence of its marine turtle host, allows us to describe the mature parasites, and thus contribute to our understanding of the biology of C. solearis.

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