Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"parasitology"

Brief Communication

Problems in Japanese archaeoparasitology: Analysis of paleo-parasitic eggs from Hachinohe Castle: Hisashi Fujita, Masako Funaba, Shiori O. Fujisawa; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(3):278-283.
Published online August 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25031

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During the Edo period, Hachinohe Castle served as the residence of the Nanbu clan, the lords of the Hachinohe domain, and simultaneously functioned as the local government office. Although an analytical company reported on the soil samples from toilet remains within the castle, this study conducted a new analysis. Not only were Trichuris trichiura eggs found in Layer 21, but Metagonimus yokogawai and Dibothriocephalus nihonkaienesis eggs were also present. In Layer 20, which was initially thought to be free of parasitic organisms, T. trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, and M. yokogawai eggs were discovered. This paper discusses the differing results from previous studies, which demonstrate that the analytical methodology of Japanese archaeoparasitology is not yet well established, and suggests ways to improve it.

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Review

Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(4):345-387.
Published online November 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23085

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Paleoparasitology is a discipline that applies existing conventional and molecular techniques to study parasites found in ancient ruins. This review focuses on the history of the discovery of parasites (mostly helminth eggs and larvae) in archaeological soil samples and mummies in Korea from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Joseon Dynasty (100 BCE-1910 CE). We also briefly review important milestones in global paleoparasitology. The helminth species reported so far in Korea included Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis (larva), Trichostrongylus sp. (larva), Paracapillaria philippinensis (syn. Capillaria philippinensis), Enterobius vermicularis, Fasciola hepatica, dicrocoeliids, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Pygidiopsis summa, Gymnophalloides seoi, Isthmiophora hortensis, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (syn. Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense), and Taenia spp. tapeworms. The findings obtained by Korean paleoparasitologists/archaeologists have brought about deep insight into the status of helminthic infections in Korea’s past populations. Continued paleoparasitological research is essential for further understanding of ancient parasites and parasitic diseases in Korea.

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Imported parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea: status and issues
Jong-Yil Chai
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2025; 68(1): 52. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Updates on parasite infection prevalence in the Joseon period based on parasitological studies of human coprolites isolated from archaeological sites in the cities of Euijeongbu, Gumi, and Wonju: Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Sori Min, Kyong Taek Oh, Jeonghwan Seol, Mi Kyung Song, Dong Hoon Shin, Min Seo; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(1):89-93.
Published online February 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22129

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Parasite infection rates estimated by examining ancient coprolites can provide insights into parasitism in Joseon society. Using newly discovered Joseon period cases is essential to regularly update the parasite infection rates and reinforce the reliability of our previous estimations. In the present study, we investigated parasite infections in Joseon coprolites newly isolated from the cities of Euijeongbu, Gumi, and Wonju. We then updated the overall parasite infection rates of Joseon period samples (n= 30) as follows: 86.7% (26/30) for Trichuris trichiura, 56.7% (17/30) for Ascaris lumbricoides, 30.0% (9/30) for Clonorchis sinensis, and 30.0% (9/30) for Paragonimus westermani. The parasite infection rates in the Joseon society, estimated through coprolite examination, were very similar to those determined previously despite the addition of new cases to the existing data pool.

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A parasitological study on the possible toilet ruins of the Japanese colonial period in Korea
Jieun Kim, Min Seo, Hisashi Fujita, Jong Yil Chai, Jin Woo Park, Jun Won Jang, In Soo Jang, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(2): 198. CrossRef
Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef

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Case Reports

Helminth Eggs Detected in Soil Samples of a Possible Toilet Structure Found at the Capital Area of Ancient Baekje Kingdom of Korea: Chang Seok Oh, Sang-Yuck Shim, Yongjun Kim, Jong Ha Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Hisashi Fujita, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(4):393-397.
Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.393

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Although research conducted in East Asia has uncovered parasite eggs from ancient toilets or cesspits, data accumulated to date needs to be supplemented by more archaeoparasitological studies. We examined a total of 21 soil samples from a toilet-like structure at the Hwajisan site, a Baekje-period royal villa, in present-day Korea. At least 4 species of helminth eggs, i.e., Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Clonorchis sinensis, and Trichuris sp. (or Trichuris vulpis) were detected in 3 sediment samples of the structure that was likely a toilet used by Baekje nobles. The eggs of T. trichiura were found in all 3 samples (no. 1, 4, and 5); and A. lumbricoides eggs were detected in 2 samples (no. 4 and 5). C. sinensis and T. vulpis-like eggs were found in no. 5 sample. From the findings of this study, we can suppose that the soil-transmitted helminths were prevalent in ancient Korean people, including the nobles of Baekje Kingdom during the 5th to 7th century.

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Clonorchis sinensis and Cholangiocarcinoma
Eun-Min Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Problems in Japanese archaeoparasitology: Analysis of paleo-parasitic eggs from Hachinohe Castle
Hisashi Fujita, Masako Funaba, Shiori O. Fujisawa
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(3): 278. CrossRef
Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef

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Two Helminthic Cases of Human Mummy Remains from Joseon-Period Graves in Korea: Chang Seok Oh, Hyejin Lee, Jieun Kim, Jong Ha Hong, Soon Chul Cha, Jong-Yil Chai, Cheol Min Ha, Ryang-Ji Kang, Do-Seon Lim, Dong Hoon Shin, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(2):149-152.
Published online April 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.149

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Our previous research on coprolite specimens from the mummies of Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910 CE) has revealed various species of parasite eggs. Herein, we added 2 new helminthic cases of human remains from Joseon-period graves in the Republic of Korea (Korea). The organic materials precipitated on the hip bones of 2 half-mummied cases (Goryeong and Gwangmyeong cases) were collected, rehydrated, and examined by a microscope. In the sample from Goryeong-gun (gun=County), ova of Trichuris trichiura, Clonorchis sinensis, and Metagonimus spp. were detected, and eggs of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides were found from the sample of Gwangmyeong-si (si=City). By adding this outcome to the existing data pool, we confirm our previous estimates of Joseon-period parasite infection rates. The overall rates of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and C. sinensis decreased dramatically from Joseon to the modern period. In Goryeong mummy specimen, we also found Metagonimus spp. eggs that has rarely been detected in archaeological samples so far.

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Updates on parasite infection prevalence in the Joseon period based on parasitological studies of human coprolites isolated from archaeological sites in the cities of Euijeongbu, Gumi, and Wonju
Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Sori Min, Kyong Taek Oh, Jeonghwan Seol, Mi Kyung Song, Dong Hoon Shin, Min Seo
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 89. CrossRef
Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef
Ancient DNA of Metagonimus yokogawai Recovered from Joseon Period Human Remains Newly Discovered at Goryeong County in South Korea
Chang Seok Oh, Jong Ha Hong, Jong Yil Chai, Mi Kyung Song, Ho-Jin Jang, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(1): 539. CrossRef
Genetic Analysis of Ancient Clonorchis sinensis Eggs Attained from Goryeong Mummy of Joseon Dynasty Period
Chang Seok Oh, Min Seo, Hye Jin Lee, Myeung Ju Kim, Do-Seon Lim, Dong Hoon Shin
Journal of Parasitology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Current status of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis in Korea: epidemiological perspectives integrating the data from human and intermediate hosts
Won Gi Yoo, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1296. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Pinworm Infection at Salmon Ruins and Aztec Ruins: Relation to Pueblo III Regional Violence: Karl J Reinhard, Morgana Camacho; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):627-633.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.627

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The study of coprolites has been a theme of archaeology in the American Southwest. A feature of archaeoparasitology on the Colorado Plateau is the ubiquity of pinworm infection. As a crowd parasite, this ubiquity signals varying concentrations of populations. Our recent analysis of coprolite deposits from 2 sites revealed the highest prevalence of infection ever recorded for the region. For Salmon Ruins, the deposits date from AD 1140 to 1280. For Aztec Ruins, the samples can be dated by artifact association between AD 1182-1253. Both sites can be placed in the Ancestral Pueblo III occupation (AD 1100-1300), which included a period of cultural stress associated with warfare. Although neither of these sites show evidence of warfare, they are typical of large, defensible towns that survived this time of threat by virtue of large populations in stonewalled villages with easily accessible water. We hypothesize that the concentration of large numbers of people promoted pinworm infection and, therefore, explains the phenomenal levels of infection at these sites.

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Is pinworm infection still a public health concern among children in resource-rich regions? Trends in pinworm infection prevalence and associated factors among children in Hualien County, Taiwan: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Yu-Chao Hsiao, Jen-Hung Wang, Chia-Hsiang Chu, Yu-Hsun Chang, Yung-Chieh Chang, Rong-Hwa Jan, Shao-Yin Chu, Shang-Hsien Yang, Jui-Shia Chen, Ming-Chun Chen
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Paleomicrobiology of the human digestive tract: A review
Riccardo Nodari, Michel Drancourt, Rémi Barbieri
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 157: 104972. CrossRef

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Paleoparasitology of Merovingian Corpses Buried in Stone Sarcophagi in the Saint-Martin-au-Val Church (Chartres, France): Benjamin Dufour, Emilie Portat, Bruno Bazin, Matthieu Le Bailly; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):613-619.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.613

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Paleoparasitological analysis was carried on 4 Merovingian skeletons, dated from the late-5th to the late-9th centuries, and recovered in the church of Saint-Martin-au-Val in Chartres (Center region, France). The corpses were buried in stone sarcophagi, which were still sealed at the time of excavation. Parasite marker extraction was conducted on sediment samples taken from the abdominal and pelvic regions, but also on samples taken from under the head and the feet as control samples. Microscopic observation revealed the presence of 3 gastrointestinal parasites, namely the roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), the whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and the fish tapeworm (genus Diphyllobothrium). This analysis contributes to a better knowledge of the health status and the lifestyle of ancient medieval populations during the Merovingian period, for which very few paleoparasitological data were available, up until now. It demonstrates the presence of the fish tapeworm for the first time during this period.

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Paleoparasitological evidence of helminth infections in individuals from two Late Iron Age necropolises in Northern Italy (3rd-1st c. BCE)
Ramón López-Gijón, Zita Laffranchi, Wolf-Rüdiger Teegen, Matthieu Le Bailly, Salvatore Duras, Kévin Roche, Daniele Vitali, Luciano Salzani, Albert Zink, Marco Milella
International Journal of Paleopathology.2025; 51: 1. CrossRef

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Comparison of Helminth Infection among the Native Populations of the Arctic and Subarctic Areas in Western Siberia Throughout History: Parasitological Researches on Contemporary and the Archaeological Resources: Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Sergey Vladimirovich Bugmyrin, Andrew Igorevich Kozlov, Galina Grigorievna Vershubskaya, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):607-612.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.607

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The aim of this parasitological study is examining contemporary (the late 20th century) specimens of the arctic or subarctic areas in Western Siberia and comparing them with the information acquired from archaeological samples from the same area. In the contemporary specimens, we observed the parasite eggs of 3 different species: Opisthochis felineus, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Enterobius vermicularis. Meanwhile, in archaeoparasitological results of Vesakoyakha, Kikki-Akki, and Nyamboyto I burial grounds, the eggs of Diphyllobothrium and Taenia spp. were found while no nematode (soil-transmitted) eggs were observed in the same samples. In this study, we concluded helminth infection pattern among the arctic and subarctic peoples of Western Siberia throughout history as follows: the raw fish-eating tradition did not undergo radical change in the area at least since the 18th century; and A. lumbricoides or E. vermicularis did not infect the inhabitants of this area before 20th century. With respect to the Western Siberia, we caught glimpse of the parasite infection pattern prevalent therein via investigations on contemporary and archaeoparasitological specimens.

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Find of Eggs of the Trematode Echinochasmus sp. (Trematoda, Echinochasmidae) in the Late Holocene of Northwestern Siberia
T. N. Sivkova, P. A. Kosintsev, V. V. Krapivina
Doklady Biological Sciences.2025; 522(1): 163. CrossRef
Find of Eggs of the Nematode Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymidae) from the Late Holocene of Northwestern Siberia
T. N. Sivkova, P. A. Kosintsev, V. V. Krapivina
Doklady Biological Sciences.2024; 519(1): 286. CrossRef
Using Parasite Analysis to Investigate the Pathoecology of the Inhabitants of the City of Berezov in Western Siberia (Sixteenth–Nineteenth Centuries)
Sergey Slepchenko, Tatiana Lobanova, Georgy Vizgalov, Maria Filimonova, Alexander Khrustalev
Environmental Archaeology.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Finding eggs of the nematode Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782) (Nematoda, Dioctophymidae) in the North of Western Siberia in the late Holocene
T. N. Sivkova, P. A. Kosintsev, V. V. Krapivina
Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni.2024; 519(1): 24. CrossRef
The first archaeoparasitological data on the Russian rural population in Western Siberia in the 18th–19th centuries
MARIA OLEGOVNA FILIMONOVA, SERGEY NIKOLAEVICH IVANOV, ALEXANDER VLADIMIROVICH KENIG, EVGENIA ALEXANDROVNA ZAITSEVA, DONG HOON SHIN, SERGEY MIKHAILOVICH SLEPCHENKO
Anthropological Science.2023; 131(2): 133. CrossRef
Cross-Analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in hairs retrieved from crania of Korean Joseon Dynasty Mummies and Russian Settlers in Siberia
Jieun Kim, Hyejin Lee, Jong Ha Hong, Alexander Kenig, Evgenia Zaitseva, Sergey Slepchenko, Shiduck Kim, Dong Hoon Shin
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2023; 47: 103732. CrossRef
New contribution of archaeoparasitology in the Far North of Eastern Siberia: First data about the parasitological spectrum of Stadukhinsky Fort in the 17th-18th centuries
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Tatiana Vladimirovna Lobanova, Georgy Petrovich Vizgalov, Georgy Viktorovich Alyamkin, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2022; 41: 103304. CrossRef
The prevalence of helminthiases in North-Western Siberia rural indigenous and long-term resident people in 1988-89 and 2018-19
Andrey Kozlov, Galina Vershubskaya
International Journal of Circumpolar Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The what, how and why of archaeological coprolite analysis
Lisa-Marie Shillito, John C. Blong, Eleanor J. Green, Eline Van Asperen
Earth-Science Reviews.2020; : 103196. CrossRef

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Differential Change in the Prevalence of the Ascaris, Trichuris and Clonorchis infection Among Past East Asian Populations: Xiaoya Zhan, Hui-Yuan Yeh, Dong Hoon Shin, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Piers D. Mitchell; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):601-605.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.601

Abstract
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As we learn more about parasites in ancient civilizations, data becomes available that can be used to see how infection may change over time. The aim of this study is to assess how common certain intestinal parasites were in China and Korea in the past 2000 years, and make comparisons with prevalence data from the 20th century. This allows us to go on to investigate how and why changes in parasite prevalence may have occurred at different times. Here we show that Chinese liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis) dropped markedly in prevalence in both Korea and China earlier than did roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) and whipworm (Trichuris trichiura). We use historical evidence to determine why this was the case, exploring the role of developing sanitation infrastructure, changing use of human feces as crop fertilizer, development of chemical fertilizers, snail control programs, changing dietary preferences, and governmental public health campaigns during the 20th century.

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Ancient parasite analysis: Exploring infectious diseases in past societies
Piers D. Mitchell
Journal of Archaeological Science.2024; 170: 106067. CrossRef
Updates on parasite infection prevalence in the Joseon period based on parasitological studies of human coprolites isolated from archaeological sites in the cities of Euijeongbu, Gumi, and Wonju
Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Sori Min, Kyong Taek Oh, Jeonghwan Seol, Mi Kyung Song, Dong Hoon Shin, Min Seo
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 89. CrossRef
Liver Fluke Infection Throughout Human Evolution
Tianyi Wang, Piers D. Mitchell
Gastro Hep Advances.2022; 1(4): 500. CrossRef
Current status of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis in Korea: epidemiological perspectives integrating the data from human and intermediate hosts
Won Gi Yoo, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1296. CrossRef
The what, how and why of archaeological coprolite analysis
Lisa-Marie Shillito, John C. Blong, Eleanor J. Green, Eline N. van Asperen
Earth-Science Reviews.2020; 207: 103196. CrossRef

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127 Download
7 Web of Science
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Assessing the Parasitic Burden in a Late Antique Florentine Emergency Burial Site: K?vin Roche, Elsa Pacciani, Raffaella Bianucci, Matthieu Le Bailly; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):587-593.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.587

Abstract
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Excavation (2008-2014) carried out under the Uffizi Gallery (Florence, Italy) led to the discovery of 75 individuals, mostly buried in multiple graves. Based on Roman minted coins, the graves were preliminarily dated between the second half of the 4th and the beginning of the 5th centuries CE. Taphonomy showed that this was an emergency burial site associated with a catastrophic event, possibly an epidemic of unknown etiology with high mortality rates. In this perspective, paleoparasitological investigations were performed on 18 individuals exhumed from 9 multiple graves to assess the burden of gastrointestinal parasitism. Five out of eighteen individuals (27.7%) tested positive for ascarid-type remains; these are considered as “decorticated” Ascaris eggs, which have lost their outer mammillated coat. Roundworms (genus Ascaris) commonly infest human populations under dire sanitary conditions. Archaeological and historical evidence indicates that Florentia suffered a period of economic crisis between the end of 4th and the beginning of the 5th centuries CE, and that the aqueduct was severely damaged at the beginning of the 4th century CE, possibly during the siege of the Goths (406 CE). It is more than plausible that the epidemic, possibly coupled with the disruption of the aqueduct, deeply affected the living conditions of these individuals. A 27.7% frequency suggests that ascariasis was widespread in this population. This investigation exemplifies how paleoparasitological information can be retrieved from the analysis of sediments sampled in cemeteries, thus allowing a better assessment of the varying frequency of parasitic infections among ancient populations.

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Evidence of parasites in the ancient city of Delos (Greece) during the hellenistic period
Kévin Roche, Nicolas Capelli, Alain Bouet, Matthieu Le Bailly
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Using intestinal parasites to identify the utilization of archaeological structures: A 12th-13th century sewer systems from an Islamic funduq (Murcia, Spain)
Ramón López-Gijón, Alicia Hernández-Robles, Salvatore Duras, Mireia Celma, Ana Curto, José Ángel González-Ballesteros, Benjamin Dufour, Matthieu Le Bailly, Jorge A. Eiroa
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Sedimentary ancient DNA as part of a multimethod paleoparasitology approach reveals temporal trends in human parasitic burden in the Roman period
Marissa L. Ledger, Tyler J. Murchie, Zachery Dickson, Melanie Kuch, Scott D. Haddow, Christopher J. Knüsel, Gil J. Stein, Mike Parker Pearson, Rachel Ballantyne, Mark Knight, Koen Deforce, Maureen Carroll, Candace Rice, Tyler Franconi, Nataša Šarkić, Saša
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Paleoparasitological evidence of helminth infections in individuals from two Late Iron Age necropolises in Northern Italy (3rd-1st c. BCE)
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Palaeoparasitological evidence for a possible sanitary stone vessel from the Roman city of Viminacium, Serbia
Nemanja Marković, Angelina Raičković Savić, Ana Mitić, Piers D. Mitchell
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Marissa L. Ledger, Rebecca Redfern, Piers D. Mitchell
Britannia.2024; 55: 99. CrossRef
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Ramón López-Gijón, Edgard Camarós, Ángel Rubio-Salvador, Salvatore Duras, Miguel C. Botella-López, Inmaculada Alemán-Aguilera, Ángel Rodríguez-Aguilera, Macarena Bustamante-Álvarez, Lydia P. Sánchez-Barba, Benjamin Dufour, Matthieu Le Bailly
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Tianyi Wang, Craig Cessford, Jenna M. Dittmar, Sarah Inskip, Peter M. Jones, Piers D. Mitchell
International Journal of Paleopathology.2022; 39: 115. CrossRef
Using parasite analysis to identify ancient chamber pots: An example of the fifth century CE from Gerace, Sicily, Italy
Sophie Rabinow, Tianyi Wang, Roger J.A. Wilson, Piers D. Mitchell
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Hannah Ryan, Patrik G Flammer, Rebecca Nicholson, Louise Loe, Ben Reeves, Enid Allison, Christopher Guy, Inés Lopez Doriga, Tony Waldron, Don Walker, Claas Kirchhelle, Greger Larson, Adrian L Smith, Subash Babu
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Kévin Roche, Nicolas Capelli, Elsa Pacciani, Paolo Lelli, Pasquino Pallecchi, Raffaella Bianucci, Matthieu Le Bailly
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2021; 90: 104713. CrossRef
Gastrointestinal infection in Italy during the Roman Imperial and Longobard periods: A paleoparasitological analysis of sediment from skeletal remains and sewer drains
Marissa L. Ledger, Ileana Micarelli, Devin Ward, Tracy L. Prowse, Maureen Carroll, Kristina Killgrove, Candace Rice, Tyler Franconi, Mary Anne Tafuri, Giorgio Manzi, Piers D. Mitchell
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Marissa L. Ledger, Erica Rowan, Frances Gallart Marques, John H. Sigmier, Nataša Šarkić, Saša Redžić, Nicholas D. Cahill, Piers D. Mitchell
American Journal of Archaeology.2020; 124(4): 631. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Application of Autofluorescence for Confocal Microscopy to Aid in Archaeoparasitological Analyses: Johnica Jo Morrow, Christian Elowsky; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):581-585.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.581

Abstract
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Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to examine archaeoparasitological specimens from coprolites associated with La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (CMC) located near present-day Durango, Mexico. The eggs for 4 different types of parasites recovered from CMC coprolites were imaged using CLSM to assist with identification efforts. While some of the parasite eggs recovered from CMC coprolites were readily identified using standard light microscopy (LM), CLSM provided useful data for more challenging identifications by highlighting subtle morphological features and enhancing visualization of parasite egg anatomy. While other advanced microscopy techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), may also detect cryptic identifying characters, CLSM is less destructive to the specimens. Utilizing CLSM allows for subsequent examinations, such as molecular analyses, that cannot be performed following SEM sample preparation and imaging. Furthermore, CLSM detects intrinsic autofluorescence molecules, making improved identification independent of resource and time-intensive protocols. These aspects of CLSM make it an excellent method for assisting in taxonomic identification and for acquiring more detailed images of archaeoparasitological specimens.

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Label-free spectral confocal reflectance microscopy for ex vivo neuroimaging and neural structure visualization
Reinher Pimentel-Domínguez, Rainald Pablo Ordaz, Abraham J. Cisneros-Mejorado, Rogelio O. Arellano, Remy Avila
Methods.2025; 241: 140. CrossRef
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Intestinal Parasites in an Ottoman Period Latrine from Acre (Israel) Dating to the Early 1800s CE: William H. Eskew, Marissa L. Ledger, Abigail Lloyd, Grace Pyles, Joppe Gosker, Piers D. Mitchell; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):575-580.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.575

Abstract
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The aim of this study is to determine the species of parasites that affected the inhabitants of the city of Acre on the coast of the eastern Mediterranean during the Ottoman Period. This is the first archaeological study of parasites in the Ottoman Empire. We analysed sediment from a latrine dating to the early 1800s for the presence of helminth eggs and protozoan parasites which caused dysentery. The samples were examined using light microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. We found evidence for roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), fish tapeworm (Dibothriocephalus sp.), Taenia tapeworm (Taenia sp.), lancet liver fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum), and the protozoa Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica. The parasite taxa recovered demonstrate the breadth of species present in this coastal city. We consider the effect of Ottoman Period diet, culture, trade and sanitation upon risk of parasitism in this community living 200 years ago.

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The history of giardiasis
Dietmar Steverding
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A glimpse into daily life in an Ottoman harbour: Evidence from a cesspit in Ainos (Türkiye)
Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, Anca Dan, Piers D Mitchell, Tianyi Wang, W. Marijn van der Meij, Jean-Baptiste Houal, Sait Başaran, Türker Arslan, Ercan Erkul, Simon Fischer, Wolfgang Rabbel, Felix Reize, Helmut Brückner
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2024; 59: 104766. CrossRef
Giardia duodenalis and dysentery in Iron Age Jerusalem (7th–6th century BCE)
Piers D. Mitchell, Tianyi Wang, Ya'akov Billig, Yuval Gadot, Peter Warnock, Dafna Langgut
Parasitology.2023; 150(8): 693. CrossRef
Paleomicrobiology of the human digestive tract: A review
Riccardo Nodari, Michel Drancourt, Rémi Barbieri
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Archaeoparasitology — a new source of reconstruction of migrations of ancient populations: opportunities, results, and prospects
S.M. Slepchenko
VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII.2021; (3(54)): 147. CrossRef

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Archaeoparasitological Analysis of Samples from the Cultural Layer of Nadym Gorodok dated Back to the 14th-Late 18th Centuries: Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Oleg Viktorovich Kardash, Vyacheslav Sergeyevich Slavinsky, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Rakultseva Daria Sergeyevna, Alexander Alekseevich Tsybankov, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):567-573.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.567

Abstract
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An archaeoparasitological analysis of the soil samples from Nadym Gorodok site of Western Siberia has been carried out in this study. The archaeological site was dated as the 13 to 18th century, being characterized as permafrost region ensuring good preservation of ancient parasite eggs. Parasite eggs as Opisthorchis felineus, Alaria alata, and Diphyllobothrium sp. were found in the archaeological soil samples, which made clear about the detailed aspects of Nadym Gorodok people’s life. We found the Diphyllobothrium sp. eggs throughout the 14 to 18th century specimens, allowing us to presume that raw or undercooked fish might have been commonly used for the foods of Nadym Gorodok inhabitants and their dogs for at least the past 400 years. Our study on Nadym Gorodok specimens also demonstrate that there might have been migratory interactions and strong economic ties between the people and society in Western Siberia, based on archaeoparasitological results of Opisthorchis felineus in Western Siberia.

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Early history of parasitic diseases in northern dogs revealed by dog paleofeces from the 9000-year-old frozen Zhokhov site in the New Siberian Islands of East Siberian Arctic
S.M. Slepchenko, A.V. Khrustalev, S.N. Ivanov, I.V. Titova, A.K. Kasparov, V.G. Chasnyk, E.Y. Pavlova, V.V. Pitulko
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Archaeoparasitology and pathoecology of Buchta Nakhodka, a medieval settlement in the far north of Western Siberia, dating from the 13th century
S.M. Slepchenko, T.V. Lobanova, O.V. Kardash, G.V. Alyamkin, S.N. Ivanov, A.V. Chrustalev
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2024; 59: 104754. CrossRef
Paleoparasitology research on ancient helminth eggs and larvae in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(4): 345. CrossRef
New contribution of archaeoparasitology in the Far North of Eastern Siberia: First data about the parasitological spectrum of Stadukhinsky Fort in the 17th-18th centuries
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Tatiana Vladimirovna Lobanova, Georgy Petrovich Vizgalov, Georgy Viktorovich Alyamkin, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2022; 41: 103304. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitological data and pathoecology of the town of Mangazeya in Western Siberia in the 17th century
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Tatiana Vladimirovna Lobanova, Georgy Petrovich Vizgalov, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Daria Sergeyevna Rakultseva
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2021; 35: 102770. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitology — a new source of reconstruction of migrations of ancient populations: opportunities, results, and prospects
S.M. Slepchenko
VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII.2021; (3(54)): 147. CrossRef
First results of the archaeoparasitological study of the Volna 1 burial ground (Temryuk District, Krasnodar Krai)
S.М. Slepchenko, N.I. Sudarev, I.V. Tsokur, A.N. Abramova
VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII.2021; (4(55)): 125. CrossRef
Opisthorchis felineus as the basis for the reconstruction of migrations using archaeoparasitological materials
Sergey Slepchenko
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2020; 33: 102548. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Discovery of Parasite Eggs in Archeological Residence during the 15th Century in Seoul, Korea: Pyo Yeon Cho, Jung-Min Park, Myeong-Ki Hwang, Seo Hye Park, Yun-Kyu Park, Bo-Young Jeon, Tong-Soo Kim, Hyeong-Woo Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):357-361.
Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.357

Abstract
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During civil engineering construction near Sejong-ro, Jongro-ku, Seoul, cultural sites were found that are thought to have been built in the 15th century. This area was home to many different people as well as the leaders of the Yi dynasty. To gain further insight into the life styles of the inhabitants of the old capital, soil samples were collected from various areas such as toilets, water foundations, and drainage ways. Parasite eggs were examined by microscopy after 5 g soil samples were rehydrated in 0.5% trisodium phosphate solution. A total of 662 parasite eggs from 7 species were found. Species with the highest number of eggs found were Ascaris lumbricoides (n=483), followed by Trichuris trichiura (138), Trichuris vulpis (21), Fasciola hepatica (8), Clonorchis sinensis (6), Paragonimus westermani (4), and Metagonimus yokogawai (2). These findings indirectly indicate the food habits of the people in Yi dynasty.

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Opisthorchis felineus as the basis for the reconstruction of migrations using archaeoparasitological materials
Sergey Slepchenko
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2020; 33: 102548. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitological Analysis of Samples from the Cultural Layer of Nadym Gorodok dated Back to the 14th-Late 18th Centuries
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Oleg Viktorovich Kardash, Vyacheslav Sergeyevich Slavinsky, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Rakultseva Daria Sergeyevna, Alexander Alekseevich Tsybankov, Dong Hoon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 567. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Traditional Living Habits of the Taz Tundra Population: A Paleoparasitological Study: Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Bagashev Anatoly Nikolaevich, Tsybankov Alexander Alekseevich, Slavinsky Vyacheslav Sergeyevich; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):617-623.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.617

Abstract
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An excavation of the Vesakoyakha II-IV and Nyamboyto I burial grounds was conducted during the 2014 field season, and soil samples from intact burials dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively, were analyzed to determine interactions between parasites and host/vectors. Considering the discovery of Diphyllobothrium sp. and Taenia sp. eggs in soil samples from the pelvic region, diphyllobothriasis was the most frequent helminthic infection among the Taz Nenets. The Nyamboyto Nenets mainly consumed uncooked fish, while the Vesakoyakha Nenets had a bigger variety in food choices, including reindeer meat. Nenets children were given raw fish from early childhood. The paleoparasitological results corroborate rare ethnographic records about the consumption of uncooked reindeer cerebrum which led to beef tapeworm helminthiases. This is the first parasitological report of helminthic diseases among the Taz Nenets, and, as such, it provides insight into their subsistence activities and food patterns and broadens our understanding of their health condition.

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T. N. Sivkova, P. A. Kosintsev, V. V. Krapivina
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S.M. Slepchenko, T.V. Lobanova, O.V. Kardash, G.V. Alyamkin, S.N. Ivanov, A.V. Chrustalev
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2024; 59: 104754. CrossRef
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Marissa L. Ledger, Piers D. Mitchell
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Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Tatiana Vladimirovna Lobanova, Georgy Petrovich Vizgalov, Georgy Viktorovich Alyamkin, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2022; 41: 103304. CrossRef
Dental Calculi of Siberian Natives, Russian Settlers, and Korean People of Joseon Dynasty Period in the 16th to 19th Century Eurasia Continent
Hyejin Lee, Jong Ha Hong, Larisa Tataurova, Sergey Slepchenko, Jieun Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Andrey Cherstvy
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Lee Hyejin, Hong Jong Ha, S. M. Slepchenko, Shin Dong Hoon
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Archaeoparasitological data and pathoecology of the town of Mangazeya in Western Siberia in the 17th century
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Tatiana Vladimirovna Lobanova, Georgy Petrovich Vizgalov, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Daria Sergeyevna Rakultseva
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2021; 35: 102770. CrossRef
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Maria Olegovna Filimonova, Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko
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S.M. Slepchenko
VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII.2021; (3(54)): 147. CrossRef
Opisthorchis felineus as the basis for the reconstruction of migrations using archaeoparasitological materials
Sergey Slepchenko
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2020; 33: 102548. CrossRef
Caries, antemortem tooth loss and tooth wear observed in indigenous peoples and Russian settlers of 16th to 19th century West Siberia
Hyejin Lee, Jong Ha Hong, Yeonwoo Hong, Dong Hoon Shin, Sergey Slepchenko
Archives of Oral Biology.2019; 98: 176. CrossRef
The Buchta-Nakhodka 2 burial ground: Results of archaeoparasitological and macro-remains investigations of samples from the burial grounds of the 6th–13th century CE on the Yamal Peninsula in Russia
Sergey Slepchenko, Oleg Kardash, Sergey Ivanov, Alexey Afonin, Dong Hoon Shin, Jong Ha Hong
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2019; 23: 791. CrossRef
Middle Holocene menus: dietary reconstruction from coprolites at the Connley Caves, Oregon, USA
Katelyn N. McDonough
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences.2019; 11(11): 5963. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitological analysis of soil samples from Sarmatian Burial Ground Kovalevka I, 2nd–1st centuries BСE, Russia
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Evgeny Vladimirovich Pererva, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Valeriy Mikhailovich Klepikov
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2019; 26: 101874. CrossRef
Archaeoparasitological Analysis of Samples from the Cultural Layer of Nadym Gorodok dated Back to the 14th-Late 18th Centuries
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Oleg Viktorovich Kardash, Vyacheslav Sergeyevich Slavinsky, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Rakultseva Daria Sergeyevna, Alexander Alekseevich Tsybankov, Dong Hoon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 567. CrossRef
Comparison of Helminth Infection among the Native Populations of the Arctic and Subarctic Areas in Western Siberia Throughout History: Parasitological Researches on Contemporary and the Archaeological Resources
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Sergey Vladimirovich Bugmyrin, Andrew Igorevich Kozlov, Galina Grigorievna Vershubskaya, Dong Hoon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 607. CrossRef
Paleoparasitology and pathoecology in Russia: Investigations and perspectives
Sergey Slepchenko, Karl Reinhard
International Journal of Paleopathology.2018; 22: 39. CrossRef
Trichuris trichiurain the mummified remains of southern Siberian nomads
Vyacheslav Sergeyevich Slavinsky, Konstantin Vladimirovich Chugunov, Alexander Alekseevich Tsybankov, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Alisa Vladimirovna Zubova, Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko
Antiquity.2018; 92(362): 410. CrossRef
Taenia sp. in human burial from Kan River, East Siberia
Sergey Mikhailovich Slepchenko, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanov, Anton Vasilevich Vybornov, Tsybankov Alexander Alekseevich, Slavinsky Vyacheslav Sergeyevich, Danil Nikolaevich Lysenko, Vyacheslav Evgenievich Matveev
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Assessing the Archaeoparasitological Potential of Quids As a Source Material for Immunodiagnostic Analyses: Johnica J. Morrow, Karl J. Reinhard; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):605-616.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.605

Abstract
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In the present study, quids from La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (CMC) were subjected to ELISA tests for 2 protozoan parasites, Toxoplasma gondii (n=45) and Trypanosoma cruzi (n=43). The people who occupied CMC, the Loma San Gabriel, lived throughout much of present-day Durango and Zacatecas in Mexico. The known pathoecology of these people puts them into at-risk categories for the transmission of T. gondii and T. cruzi. Human antibodies created in response to these 2 parasites can be detected in modern saliva using ELISA kits intended for use with human serum. For these reasons, quids were reconstituted and subjected to ELISA testing. All test wells yielded negative results. These results could be a factor of improper methods because there is no precedence for this work in the existing literature. The results could equally be a simple matter of parasite absence among those people who occupied CMC. A final consideration is the taphonomy of human antibodies and whether or not ELISA is a sufficient method for recovering antibodies from archaeological contexts. An additional ELISA test targeting secretory IgA (sIgA) was conducted to further examine the failure to detect parasite-induced antibodies from quids. Herein, the methods used for quid preparation and ELISA procedures are described so that they can be further developed by future researchers. The results are discussed in light of the potential future of quid analysis.

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Pinworm research in the Southwest USA: five decades of methodological and theoretical development and the epidemiological approach
Morgana Camacho, Karl J. Reinhard
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Recovering parasites from mummies and coprolites: an epidemiological approach
Morgana Camacho, Adauto Araújo, Johnica Morrow, Jane Buikstra, Karl Reinhard
Parasites & Vectors.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Mini Reviews

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Enterobius vermicularis (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) in the Prehistoric Americas: Karl J. Reinhard, Adauto Ara?jo, Johnica J. Morrow; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):591-603.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.591

Abstract
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Investigations of Enterobius sp. infection in prehistory have produced a body of data that can be used to evaluate the geographic distribution of infection through time in the Americas. Regional variations in prevalence are evident. In North America, 119 pinworm positive samples were found in 1,112 samples from 28 sites with a prevalence of 10.7%. Almost all of the positive samples came from agricultural sites. From Brazil, 0 pinworm positive samples were found in 325 samples from 7 sites. For the Andes region, 22 pinworm positive samples were found in 411 samples from 26 sites for a prevalence of 5.3%. Detailed analyses of these data defined several trends. First, preagricultural sites less frequently show evidence of infection compared to agricultural populations. This is especially clear in the data from North America, but is also evident in the data from South America. Second, there is an apparent relationship between the commonality of pinworms in coprolites and the manner of constructing villages. These analyses show that ancient parasitism has substantial value in documenting the range of human behaviors that influence parasitic infections.

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Nahla A. Radwan, Walid Tawfik, Diaa Atta, Mohamed F. Ageba, Saly N. Salama, Mohamed N. Mohamed
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Pongphan Pongpanitanont, Naparat Suttidate, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Wanchai Maleewong, Penchom Janwan
PeerJ Computer Science.2025; 11: e3213. CrossRef
Intestinal parasites from Hubei archaeological sites of early China (5th century BCE to 3rd century CE)
Xiaoya Zhan, Mi Zhou, Qun Zhang, Hui-Yuan Yeh
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Enterobiasis and its risk factors in urban, rural and indigenous children of subtropical Argentina
Maria Romina Rivero, Carlos De Angelo, Constanza Feliziani, Song Liang, Karina Tiranti, Martin Miguel Salas, Oscar Daniel Salomon
Parasitology.2022; 149(3): 396. CrossRef
Pinworm research in the Southwest USA: five decades of methodological and theoretical development and the epidemiological approach
Morgana Camacho, Karl J. Reinhard
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The what, how and why of archaeological coprolite analysis
Lisa-Marie Shillito, John C. Blong, Eleanor J. Green, Eline N. van Asperen
Earth-Science Reviews.2020; 207: 103196. CrossRef
First report in pre-Columbian mummies from Bolivia of Enterobius vermicularis infection and capillariid eggs: A contribution to Paleoparasitology studies
Guido Valverde, Viterman Ali, Pamela Durán, Luis Castedo, José Luis Paz, Eddy Martínez
International Journal of Paleopathology.2020; 31: 34. CrossRef
Intestinal helminths as a biomolecular complex in archaeological research
Patrik G. Flammer, Adrian L. Smith
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.2020; 375(1812): 20190570. CrossRef
Intestinal Parasitic Infection in the Eastern Roman Empire During the Imperial Period and Late Antiquity
Marissa L. Ledger, Erica Rowan, Frances Gallart Marques, John H. Sigmier, Nataša Šarkić, Saša Redžić, Nicholas D. Cahill, Piers D. Mitchell
American Journal of Archaeology.2020; 124(4): 631. CrossRef
Pinworm Infection at Salmon Ruins and Aztec Ruins: Relation to Pueblo III Regional Violence
Karl J Reinhard, Morgana Camacho
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 627. CrossRef
Confusing a Pollen Grain with a Parasite Egg: an Appraisal of “Paleoparasitological Evidence of Pinworm (Enterobius Vermicularis) Infection in a Female Adolescent Residing in Ancient Tehran”
Morgana Camacho, Karl J. Reinhard
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 621. CrossRef
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Pinworm Infection
Sebastian Wendt, Henning Trawinski, Stefan Schubert, Arne C. Rodloff, Joachim Mössner, Christoph Lübbert
Deutsches Ärzteblatt international.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Recovering parasites from mummies and coprolites: an epidemiological approach
Morgana Camacho, Adauto Araújo, Johnica Morrow, Jane Buikstra, Karl Reinhard
Parasites & Vectors.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The Paleoepidemiology ofEnterobius vermicularis(Nemata: Oxyuridae) Among the Loma San Gabriel at La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (600–800 CE), Rio Zape Valley, Durango, Mexico
Johnica J. Morrow, Karl J. Reinhard
Comparative Parasitology.2018; 85(1): 27. CrossRef
Taphonomic considerations on pinworm prevalence in three Ancestral Puebloan latrines
Morgana Camacho, Alena Mayo Iñiguez, Karl Jan Reinhard
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.2018; 20: 791. CrossRef
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Marwa A. Hasby Saad, Mona Watany, Mohamed Tomoum, Dalia El‐Mehy, May Elsheikh, Ragia Sharshar
Parasite Immunology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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The Paleoparasitology in Brazil and Findings in Human Remains from South America: A Review: Sh?nia Patr?cia Corr?a Novo, Luiz Fernando Ferreira; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):573-583.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.573

Abstract
PDF

Abstract: The review article presents some of the history of how paleoparasitology started in Brazil, making highlight the great responsible Dr. Luiz Fernando Ferreira and Dr. Adauto Ara?jo, the trajectory of paleoparasitology in Brazil since 1978 and its performance in science to the present day. In sequence, it is made a presentation of parasitological findings on human remains found in archaeological sites in South America, highlighting Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Peru, where major discoveries have occurred. Many of the parasites found in archaeological material and mentioned in this review went out of Africa with the peopling of Europe and from there they dispersed around the world, where climatic conditions allow the transmission. However, humans have acquired other parasites of animals, since humans invaded new habitats or creating new habits adopting new technologies, thus expanding its range of influence on the environment. Thus, this review article is finalized with information that explain the importance of these findings in the interaction between parasites, human host, and ambient.

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Relationship of Nematodes and Humans in Prehistoric Times: A Paleoparasitological Perspective
Caner Övet
Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences.2025; 8(2): 118. CrossRef
First report in pre-Columbian mummies from Bolivia of Enterobius vermicularis infection and capillariid eggs: A contribution to Paleoparasitology studies
Guido Valverde, Viterman Ali, Pamela Durán, Luis Castedo, José Luis Paz, Eddy Martínez
International Journal of Paleopathology.2020; 31: 34. CrossRef
First description of Enterobius vermicularis egg in a coprolite dated from the pre-contact in Brazil
Matheus Lino, Daniela Leles, Alfredo P. Peña, Marina C. Vinaud
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Sergey Slepchenko, Karl Reinhard
International Journal of Paleopathology.2018; 22: 39. CrossRef

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Ancient Human Parasites in Ethnic Chinese Populations: Hui-Yuan Yeh, Piers D. Mitchell; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):565-572.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.565

Abstract
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Whilst archaeological evidence for many aspects of life in ancient China is well studied, there has been much less interest in ancient infectious diseases, such as intestinal parasites in past Chinese populations. Here, we bring together evidence from mummies, ancient latrines, and pelvic soil from burials, dating from the Neolithic Period to the Qing Dynasty, in order to better understand the health of the past inhabitants of China and the diseases endemic in the region. Seven species of intestinal parasite have been identified, namely roundworm, whipworm, Chinese liver fluke, oriental schistosome, pinworm, Taenia sp. tapeworm, and the intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski. It was found that in the past, roundworm, whipworm, and Chinese liver fluke appear to have been much more common than the other species. While roundworm and whipworm remained common into the late 20th century, Chinese liver fluke seems to have undergone a marked decline in its prevalence over time. The iconic transport route known as the Silk Road has been shown to have acted as a vector for the transmission of ancient diseases, highlighted by the discovery of Chinese liver fluke in a 2,000 year-old relay station in northwest China, 1,500 km outside its endemic range.

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Detection Trend of Helminth Eggs in the Strata Soil Samples from Ancient Historic Places of Korea: Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai, Myeung Ju Kim, Sang Yuk Shim, Ho Chul Ki, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):555-563.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.555

Abstract
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For several years, we have conducted a series of studies on the patterns of ancient parasitism prevailing in the soil of rural and urban areas of past Kingdom of Korea. Actually, during our survey of paleoparasitology in archaeological sites of Korean peninsula, numerous ancient parasite eggs were discovered in the samples from the city districts of Hansung (Joseon) and Buyeo (Baikje), the palace moat at Gyeongju (Silla), shell-midden site at Bonghwang-dong (Silla to Joseon), and the reservoir found in Hwawangsansung fortress (Silla). By the paleoparasitological studies, with respect to parasitism in the high-density populations of ancient towns and cities, we have managed to catch glimpses of the patterns prevalent therein: a serious parasitic contamination of the soil in ancient urban areas, but not in rural areas of the past. Our historical research also proposed the plausible mechanism of parasite infection very serious indeed among urban populations in Korean history. Although city dwelling doubtless has accrued significant benefits for people and populations with agriculture, it can be equally supposed that living in such highly populated areas might have facilitated the spread of parasite infection.

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Brief Communication

V-shaped Pits in Regions of Ancient Baekje Kingdom Paleoparasitologically Confirmed as Likely Human-Waste Reservoirs: Dong Hoon Shin, Sang-Yuck Shim, Myeung Ju Kim, Chang Seok Oh, Mi-Hyun Lee, Suk Bae Jung, Geon Il Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):569-573.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.569

Abstract
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In a paleo-parasitological analysis of soil samples obtained from V-shaped pits dating to the ancient Baekje period in Korean history, we discovered Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Clonorchis sinensis eggs. In light of the samples' seriously contaminated state, the V-shaped pits might have served as toilets, cesspits, or dung heaps. For a long period of time, researchers scouring archaeological sites in Korea have had difficulties locating such structures. In this context then, the present report is unique because similar kind of the ancient ruins must become an ideal resource for successful sampling in our forthcoming paleoparasitological studies.

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Mini Review

Paleoparasitological Studies on Mummies of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea: Min Seo, Adauto Araujo, Karl Reinhard, Jong Yil Chai, Dong Hoon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):235-242.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.235

Abstract
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Paleoparasitology is the application of conventional or molecular investigative techniques to archeological samples in order to reveal parasitic infection patterns among past populations. Although pioneering studies already have reported key paleoparasitological findings around the world, the same sorts of studies had not, until very recently, been conducted in sufficient numbers in Korea. Mummified remains of individuals dating to the Korean Joseon Dynasty actually have proved very meaningful to concerned researchers, owing particularly to their superb preservation status, which makes them ideal subjects for paleoparasitological studies. Over the past several years, our study series on Korean mummies has yielded very pertinent data on parasitic infection patterns prevailing among certain Joseon Dynasty populations. In this short review, we summarized the findings and achievements of our recent paleoparasitological examinations of Joseon mummies and discussed about the prospects for future research in this vein.

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Archaeoparasitological Strategy Based on the Microscopic Examinations of Prehistoric Samples and the Recent Report on the Difference in the Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Indian Subcontinent
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Ancient Asia.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Journal of Parasitology.2017; 103(4): 399. CrossRef
Estimation of parasite infection prevalence of Joseon people by paleoparasitological data updates from the ancient feces of pre-modern Korean mummies
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Quaternary International.2016; 405: 80. CrossRef
Detection Trend of Helminth Eggs in the Strata Soil Samples from Ancient Historic Places of Korea
Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai, Myeung Ju Kim, Sang Yuk Shim, Ho Chul Ki, Dong Hoon Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(5): 555. CrossRef
Preface for Special Section on Paleoparasitology
Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin
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Multiplex Ligation Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) Assay on Joseon Mummified Samples from Archaeological Sites of South Korea
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Brief Communication

Paleoparasitological Surveys for Detection of Helminth Eggs in Archaeological Sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do: Myeong-Ju Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Mi-Jin Song, Hye-Young Song, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):489-492.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.489

Abstract
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A paleoparasitological survey to detect helminth eggs was performed in archaeological sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 593 soil samples were collected in 12 sites of Jeolla-do and 5 sites of Jeju-do from April to November 2011, and examined by the methods of Pike and coworkers. A total of 4 helminth eggs, 2 eggs each for Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris sp., were found in soil samples from 1 site, in Hyangyang-ri, Jangheung-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do. The egg-recovery layer was presumed to represent a 19th century farm, which fact suggested the use of human manures. This is the third archaeological discovery of parasite eggs in Jeolla-do. Additionally, no helminth eggs in archaeological sites of Jeju-do is an interesting problem to be solved in the further investigations.

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Discovery of Parasite Eggs in Archeological Residence during the 15th Century in Seoul, Korea
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 357. CrossRef
Paleoparasitological study on the soil sediment samples from archaeological sites of ancient Silla Kingdom in Korean peninsula
Myeung Ju Kim, Min Seo, Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Jinju Lee, Gab-jin Kim, Won Young Ma, Soon Jo Choi, Karl Reinhard, Adauto Araujo, Dong Hoon Shin
Quaternary International.2016; 405: 80. CrossRef

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Original Article

Bibliometric Analysis of the Korean Journal of Parasitology: Measured from SCI, PubMed, Scopus, and Synapse Databases: Choon Shil Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S155.
Published online October 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S155

Abstract
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology (KJP) is the official journal of the Korean Society for Parasitology which is celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2009. To assess the contributions and achievements of the KJP, bibliometric analysis was conducted based on the citation data retrieved from 4 major databases; SCI, PubMed, Synapse, and Scopus. It was found that the KJP articles were constantly cited by the articles published in major international journals represented in these databases. More than 60% of 1,370 articles published in the KJP from 1963 to June 2009 were cited at least once by SCI articles. The overall average times cited by SCI articles are 2.6. The rate is almost 3 times higher for the articles published in the last 10 years compared to 1.0 for the articles of the 1960s. The SCI journal impact factor for 2008 is calculated as 0.871. It is increasing and it is expected to increase further with the introduction of the KJP in the database in 2008. The more realistic h-indixes were measured from the study data set covering all the citations to the KJP; 17 for SCI, 6 for PubMed, 19 for Synapse, and 17 for Scopus. Synapse extensively picked up the citations to the earlier papers not retrievable from the other 3 databases. It identified many papers published in the 1960s and in the 1980s which have been cited heavily, proving the central role of the KJP in the dissemination of the important research findings over the last 5 decades.

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Mini Review

Fifty Years of the Korean Society for Parasitology: Seung-Yull Cho; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S7.
Published online October 26, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S7

Abstract
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In 1959, the Korean Society for Parasitology was founded by clinical scientists, specialists of public health, and 5 core parasitologists with experience in American science and medicine. The Society this year celebrates its 50th anniversary. Due to public health importance at the time of foundation, medical parasitology was the main stream for next 3 decades. Domestic problems of niche parasitic diseases, unlisted in 6 tropical diseases of major importance, had been studied by own efforts. To cope with the demand of parasite control, evaluation system for control activity was built up. Control activity against soil-transmitted nematodes, conducted for almost 3 decades, was evaluated as a success. Evaluation of praziquantel efficacy for clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, and neurocysticercosis, population dynamics of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in a situation of continuous reinfections, diagnostic modalities of antibody tests combined with brain imaging developed for helminthiasis of the central nervous system and researches on intestinal trematodes were achievements in the first 30 years. During the recent 2 decades, science researches, such as cell and molecular biology of parasites and immunology of parasitic infections have been studied especially on parasitic allergens and proteolytic and anti-oxidant enzymes. Experiences of international cooperation for world health have been accumulated and would be expanded in the future.

Citations

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