Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"pig"

Original Articles

Molecular survey of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in pigs from various localities in Korea: Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(3):294-301.
Published online August 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24031

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii, a common protozoan parasite, poses significant public health risks due to its potential to cause toxoplasmosis in humans and can be contracted from pigs, which are considered its critical intermediate host. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii in slaughtered pigs for human consumption, emphasizing the zoonotic implications and the need for improved biosecurity and monitoring practices in pig farming. A total of 1,526 pig samples (1,051 whole blood samples and 384 lung tissue samples from the local slaughterhouse and 91 aborted fetus samples from local farms) were collected throughout the whole country of Korea in 2020. Among them, 6 (0.4%) were found to be infected with T. gondii by nested PCR. When compared by sample type, the prevalence of T. gondii was significantly higher in the aborted fetus samples (2.2%, 2/91) than in the blood (0.3%, 3/1,051) and lung tissue samples (0.3%, 1/384). The B1 gene sequence of T. gondii was similar (97.9–99.8%) to that of the other T. gondii isolates. This study represents the first molecular genotyping survey of T. gondii in the lung tissue of fattening pigs and aborted fetuses in Korea. Our findings indicated the importance of adopting preventive measures including the implementation of rigorous farm hygiene protocols and the promotion of public awareness about the risks of consuming undercooked pork. By addressing the gaps in current control strategies and encouraging the One Health approach, this study contributes to the development of more effective strategies to mitigate the transmission of T. gondii from pigs to humans, ultimately safeguarding public health.

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Genome-wide identification of histone lysine methyltransferases and their implications in the epigenetic regulation of eggshell formation-related genes in a trematode parasite Clonorchis sinensis: Min-Ji Park, Woon-Mok Sohn, Young-An Bae; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(1):98-116.
Published online February 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23116

Epigenetic writers including DNA and histone lysine methyltransferases (DNMT and HKMT, respectively) play an initiative role in the differentiation and development of eukaryotic organisms through the spatiotemporal regulation of functional gene expressions. However, the epigenetic mechanisms have long been suspected in helminth parasites lacking the major DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a/3b. Very little information on the evolutionary status of the epigenetic tools and their role in regulating chromosomal genes is currently available in the parasitic trematodes. We previously suggested the probable role of a DNMT2-like protein (CsDNMT2) as a genuine epigenetic writer in a trematode parasite Clonorchis sinensis. Here, we analyzed the phylogeny of HKMT subfamily members in the liver fluke and other platyhelminth species. The platyhelminth genomes examined conserved genes for the most of SET domain-containing HKMT and Disruptor of Telomeric Silencing 1 subfamilies, while some genes were expanded specifically in certain platyhelminth genomes. Related to the high gene dosages for HKMT activities covering differential but somewhat overlapping substrate specificities, variously methylated histones were recognized throughout the tissues/organs of C. sinensis adults. The temporal expressions of genes involved in eggshell formation were gradually decreased to their lowest levels proportionally to aging, whereas those of some epigenetic tool genes were re-boosted in the later adult stages of the parasite. Furthermore, these expression levels were significantly affected by treatment with DNMT and HKMT inhibitors. Our data strongly suggest that methylated histones are potent epigenetic markers that modulate the spatiotemporal expressions of C. sinensis genes, especially those involved in sexual reproduction.

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Brief Communications

Distribution of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection in Domestic Pigs in the Republic of Korea: Nationwide Survey from 2020-2021: Subin Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Dongmi Kwak, Sang-Myeong Lee, Wan-Kyu Lee, Jae-Won Byun, Seung-Hun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):207-211.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.207

This study aimed to examine the distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in domestic pigs in the Republic of Korea. From May 2020 to October 2021, 364 pig fecal samples were collected from 75 farms in 7 Provinces and microscopically examined. A total of 170 (46.7%) pigs were infected with at least one of the following parasites: Balantioides coli, strongyles, Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, and coccidia. By parasite species, B. coli, strongyles, A. suum, T. suis, and coccidia oocysts or eggs were detected in 144 (39.6%), 24 (6.6%), 14 (3.8%), 4 (1.1%), and 1 (0.3%) samples, respectively. One hundred fifty-four, 15, and 1 cases showed single, double, and triple infections, respectively. Of the swine fecal samples from 75 farms, 69 specimens (92.0%) were infected with 1 or more parasites. All surveyed farms across the country exhibited a positive rate of over 30%, among which the highest positive rate was 65.0% in Chungcheongnam-do, and Jeollabuk-do was followed by 61.9%. Winter showed a statistically lower prevalence than other seasons. This study showed that gastrointestinal parasites are prevalent in pigs in Korea, although the diversity of parasites is low.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Molecular identification and diversity of gastrointestinal apicomplexan protozoa in pigs in the Republic of Korea
Subin Lee, Sang-Hyup Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Kyung-Duk Min, Dong Hyeon Kwon, Mi-Hye Hwang, Gyu-Tae Jeon, Bok Kyung Ku, Jae-Won Byun, Seung-Hun Lee
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Gastrointestinal parasites in pigs in Brazil: prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, and extension activities
Camila Souza Carvalho Class, Renan de Souza Ferreira, Ana Luiza Soares de Araujo, Ingrid da Silva Reis, Breno Torres da Silva, Fabiana Batalha Knackfuss, Laís Lisboa Corrêa, José Arcínio de Assis, Marcelo José Milagres de Almeida, Daniel de Castro Trindad
Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Integrative use of conventional and DNA metabarcoding methods reveals high diversity, prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs from Victoria, Australia
Ghazanfar Abbas, Yuet On Lee, Hannah Mitchell, Abdul Ghafar, Mark A. Stevenson, Charles G. Gauci, Leah G. Starick, Regina M. Fogarty, Bernie Gleeson, Dianne E. Phillips, Tao Wang, Robin B. Gasser, Abdul Jabbar
Research in Veterinary Science.2025; 196: 105902. CrossRef
Prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites on pig farms in Kalasin Province, Thailand
Sirikanda Thanasuwan, Supawadee Piratae, Keattipong Thaowandee, Chalothon Amporn
Veterinary World.2024; : 273. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of Ascaris suum and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus Infections in Free-Ranging and Captive Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Hungary
Csaba Farkas, Alexandra Juhász, Balázs Fekete, Borisz Egri
Animals.2024; 14(6): 932. CrossRef
Parasites burden in peri-urban free-roaming pigs in Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
P Munzhelele, NPS Sibeko, JW Oguttu, CA Mbajiorgu, FO Fasina
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association.2024; 95(1): 55. CrossRef
Prevalence of intestinal parasites in humans and domestic animals in Jirel community, Dolakha, Nepal
Pitambar Dhakal, Medhavi Dhakal, Dipa Dhakal, Pramita Shakya, Barsha Singh, Rabina Gupta Kalwar, Rekha Shahi, Sophiya Pandey, Darwin Niraula, Anita Karki, Mukesh Kumar Mahato, Semsal Tamang, Basanti Chhetri, Muna Thapa, Rameshwor Parajuli, Janak Raj Subed
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2024; 13(8): 3408. CrossRef

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Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Viability of Kudoa septempunctata: Sang Phil Shin, Hyun Ki Hong, Chang Nam Jin, Hanchang Sohn, Kwang Sik Choi, Jehee Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):593-597.
Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.593

Abstract
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Kudoa septempunctata have been reported as a causative agent for acute transient gastrointestinal troubles after eating raw olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). It raised public health concerns and quarantine control in several countries. Quantitative evaluation on viability of K. septempunctata is crucial to develop effective chemotherapeutics against it. A cytometry using fluorescent stains was employed to assess effect of three compounds on viability of K. septempunctata. Epigallocatechin gallate reduced markedly viability of K. septempunctata at 0.5 mM or more, and damaged K. septempunctata spores by producing cracks.

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Molecular Detection and Subtyping of Blastocystis in Korean Pigs: Seunghyun Paik, Byeong Yeal Jung, Haeseung Lee, Mi-Hye Hwang, Jee Eun Han, Man Hee Rhee, Tae-Hwan Kim, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(5):525-529.
Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.525

Abstract
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Blastocystis is one of the most commonly detected genera of protozoan parasites in the human intestines as well as the intestines of many other species such as pigs in several geographical regions worldwide. However, no studies have examined Blastocystis in pigs in Korea. In this study, PCR and nucleotide sequencing were performed to evaluate the genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis using pig fecal samples. We obtained 646 stool samples from groups of piglets, weaners, growers, finishers, and sows in Korea. A total of 390 Blastocystis-positive samples were identified, and the infection rate was 60.4%. The infection rates were significantly related to age and region. The 4 subtypes (STs) of Blastocystis confirmed by phylogenetic analysis were ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST5, indicating the high genetic diversity of Blastocystis in Korean pigs. ST5 was highly distributed in Korean pigs among detected STs in this study. Some sequences were closely related to those of Blastocystis isolated from humans. This is the first study of Blastocystis in pigs in Korea. Based on the results, Blastocystis is prevalent in Korean pigs. Although a small number of samples were obtained in some areas, the clinical development of Blastocystis infection in pigs and potential for human transmission should be further examined.

Citations

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Jinnat Rehena, Anas Bin Harun, Md Robiul Karim
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Jinnat Rehena, Anas Bin Harun, Abdullah Al Bayazid, Md. Farhan Hasan, Tania Sultana, Ainun Nahar, Joynti Saha, Mokammel Hossain Tito, Shuvo Singha, S. H. M. Faruk Siddiki, M. Nazmul Hoque, Md Robiul Karim
Veterinary Research Communications.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Ji-Young Kwon, Jong-Hoon Choi, Hee-Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee
Microorganisms.2024; 12(3): 523. CrossRef
Molecular Identification and Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. and Blastocystis sp. in Cattle in Representative Areas of Shanxi Province, North China
Yao Liang, Ya-Ya Liu, Jin-Jin Mei, Wen-Bin Zheng, Qing Liu, Wen-Wei Gao, Xing-Quan Zhu, Shi-Chen Xie
Animals.2023; 13(18): 2929. CrossRef
Subtype analysis and prevalence of mixed subtype infection of Blastocystis in farmed pigs from Chiba Prefecture, Japan
Aya Masuda, Yukino Matsuda, Tetsuya Horikita, Jun Matsumoto
Parasitology International.2022; 87: 102490. CrossRef
Distribution of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection in Domestic Pigs in the Republic of Korea: Nationwide Survey from 2020-2021
Subin Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Dongmi Kwak, Sang-Myeong Lee, Wan-Kyu Lee, Jae-Won Byun, Seung-Hun Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(3): 207. CrossRef
Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Blastocystis in Korean Dogs
Sangsu Suh, Haeseung Lee, Min-Goo Seo, Kyoo-Tae Kim, Kyung-Yeon Eo, Young-Sam Kwon, Sang-Joon Park, Oh-Deog Kwon, Tae-Hwan Kim, Dongmi Kwak
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(4): 289. CrossRef
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K. J. Suarez, M. J. García García, E. Y. Restrepo Restrepo, L. F. Campo Campo, A. L. Galván–Diaz Galván–Diaz
Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Blastocystis in domesticated and wild mammals and birds
Josephine S.Y. Hublin, Jenny G. Maloney, Monica Santin
Research in Veterinary Science.2021; 135: 260. CrossRef
Molecular detection and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in farmed pigs in southern China
Yang Zou, Wen-Bin Yang, Feng-Cai Zou, Rui-Qing Lin, Xing-Quan Zhu, Jun-Ling Hou
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 151: 104751. CrossRef
The Presence of Blastocystis in Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii)
Hong-Li Geng, Yu-Zhe Sun, Jing Jiang, He-Ting Sun, Yuan-Guo Li, Si-Yuan Qin, Zhen-Jun Wang, Tao Ma, Jun-Hui Zhu, Nian-Yu Xue, Hong-Bo Ni
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Global prevalence, subtypes distribution, zoonotic potential, and associated risk factors of Blastocystis sp. in domestic pigs (Sus domesticus) and wild boars (Sus scrofa): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ali Asghari, Alireza Sadrebazzaz, Laya Shamsi, Morteza Shams
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 160: 105183. CrossRef
Molecular prevalence and subtype distribution ofBlastocystissp. in Asia and in Australia
Sara Nemati, Mohammad Reza Zali, Paul Johnson, Hamed Mirjalali, Panagiotis Karanis
Journal of Water and Health.2021; 19(5): 687. CrossRef
Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Diarrheic Pigs in Southern China
Pei Wang, Sen Li, Yang Zou, Zhao-Wei Hong, Ping Wang, Xing-Quan Zhu, De-Ping Song, Xiao-Qing Chen
Pathogens.2021; 10(9): 1189. CrossRef
The Coexistence of Blastocystis spp. in Humans, Animals and Environmental Sources from 2010–2021 in Asia
Adedolapo Aminat Rauff-Adedotun, Farah Haziqah Meor Termizi, Nurshafarina Shaari, Ii Li Lee
Biology.2021; 10(10): 990. CrossRef
Molecular Detection and Subtyping of Human Blastocystis and the Clinical Implications: Comparisons between Diarrheal and Non-diarrheal Groups in Korean Populations
Moon-Ju Kim, Eun Jeong Won, Soo Hyun Kim, Jong Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(3): 321. CrossRef
First Report of Blastocystis Infection in Pigs from Large Farms in Xinjiang, China
Rongjun Wang, Ying Zhang, Yuxi Jiang, Jinming Xing, Dayong Tao, Meng Qi
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.2020; 67(6): 642. CrossRef
First Report on the Occurrence and Subtypes of Blastocystis in Pigs in Poland Using Sequence-Tagged-Site PCR and Barcode Region Sequencing
Monika Rudzińska, Beata Kowalewska, Beata Szostakowska, Maciej Grzybek, Katarzyna Sikorska, Agnieszka Świątalska
Pathogens.2020; 9(7): 595. CrossRef
Genetic Diversity and Zoonotic Potential of Blastocystis in Korean Water Deer, Hydropotes inermis argyropus
Kyoo-Tae Kim, Gyeonguk Noh, Haeseung Lee, Seon-Hee Kim, Hyesung Jeong, Yongkwan Kim, Weon-Hwa Jheong, Jae-Ku Oem, Tae-Hwan Kim, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak
Pathogens.2020; 9(11): 955. CrossRef

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Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analyses of Trichuris suis in Pigs in Hunan Province, Subtropical China: Lei Tan, Aibing Wang, Jing Yi, Yisong Liu, Jiayu Li, Wei Liu; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(5):495-500.
Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.495

Abstract
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Trichuris suis infection in pigs is ubiquitous in intensive and extensive farms, which causes potential threat to human health. The
objective
of this research was to investigate the prevalence of T. suis in pigs in Hunan province. Total 2,267 fresh fecal samples distributed in 28 pig farms from 7 different administrative regions (Hunan province) were evaluated for the existence of T. suis eggs using saturated NaCl floating method. The average infection rate of T. suis in pigs was 8.91% in Hunan province. To determine genetic variation of the gained T. suis isolates in the present study, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions from nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of 7 T. suis isolates were cloned and analyzed. Nucleotide diversities were 1.0-3.5% and 0-3.8% for ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that all isolates collected in the present study and T. suis available in Genbank generated a monophyletic clade. The present investigation revealed high infection rates of T. suis in pigs in Hunan province, which shed light on making effective measures to prevent and control T. suis infection in pigs in Hunan province.

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Prevalence and molecular identification of gastrointestinal nematodes in Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau of China
Sitong Ai, Zhichao Zhang, Jinghan Wang, Xiaoqi Wang, Cheng Liu, Ziyuan Duan
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2023; 9(6): 2693. CrossRef
Prevalences and characteristics of Trichuris spp. infection in sheep in pastoral areas of the Tianshan, Xinjiang, China
Lixia Wang, Guowu Zhang, Yuhang Fu, Chengcheng Ning, Zhiyuan Li, Huisheng Wang, Jinsheng Zhang, Yunxia Shang, Yaoqiang Sun, Xiaoxing Huang, Xuepeng Cai, Xianzhu Xia, Qingling Meng, Jun Qiao
Journal of Veterinary Research.2022; 66(4): 591. CrossRef
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Lauren Shusterman, Antoinette E. Marsh, Priscilla H. Joyner, Greg Habing
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2021; 15: 208. CrossRef
Foodborne Parasites Dominate Current Parasitic Infections in Hunan Province, China
Xiaohua Liu, Mengqi Wu, Yuan Liu, Jing Li, Dongqian Yang, Liping Jiang
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a Droplet Digital PCR for Detection of Trichuriasis in Sheep
Zhichao Yu, Zhiguo Zhao, Linjun Chen, Junyan Li, Xianghong Ju
Journal of Parasitology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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5 Web of Science
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PCR Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Trichomonas gallinae from Domestic Pigeons in Guangzhou, China: Shen-Ben Qiu, Meng-Na Lv, Xi He, Ya-Biao Weng, Shang-Shu Zou, Xin-Qiu Wang, Rui-Qing Lin; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):333-336.
Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.333

Abstract
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Avian trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas gallinae is a serious protozoan disease worldwide. The domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) is the main host for T. gallinae and plays an important role in the spread of the disease. Based on the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA of this parasite, a pair of primers (TgF2/TgR2) was designed and used to develop a PCR assay for the diagnosis of T. gallinae infection in domestic pigeons. This approach allowed the identification of T. gallinae, and no amplicons were produced when using DNA from other common avian pathogens. The minimum amount of DNA detectable by the specific PCR assay developed in this study was 15 pg. Clinical samples from Guangzhou, China, were examined using this PCR assay and a standard microscopy method, and their molecular characteristics were determined by phylogenetic analysis. All of the T. gallinae-positive samples detected by microscopic examination were also detected as positive by the PCR assay. Most of the samples identified as negative by microscopic examination were detected as T. gallinae positive by the PCR assay and were confirmed by sequencing. The positive samples of T. gallinae collected from Guangzhou, China, were identified as T. gallinae genotype B by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, providing relevant data for studying the ecology and population genetic structures of trichomonads and for the prevention and control of the diseases they cause.

Citations

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Rapid and sensitive detection of Trichomonas gallinae using RAA-CRISPR-Cas12a
Yuhan Zhou, Yaqian Chen, Xinglong Song, Zhenyu Zhong, Qingyun Guo, Shengfan Jing, Olalekan Opeyemi Ayanniyi, Zhenxiao Lu, Qingxun Zhang, Congshan Yang
Veterinary Parasitology.2025; 334: 110412. CrossRef
Recombinase-Aided Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Dipstick for the Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Trichomonas gallinae
Yuhan Zhou, Xinglong Song, Yaqian Chen, Zhenyu Zhong, Qingyun Guo, Shengfan Jing, Yilei Zhang, Qingxun Zhang, Congshan Yang
Journal of Parasitology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
An Evolutionarily Conserved Laterally Acquired Toolkit Enables Microbiota Targeting by Trichomonas
Adam J Hart, Lenshina A Mpeyako, Nick P Bailey, George Merces, Joseph Gray, Jacob Biboy, Manuel Banzhaf, Waldemar Vollmer, Robert P Hirt, Ana Carolina Junqueira
Molecular Biology and Evolution.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Genotypic diversity and epidemiology of Trichomonas gallinae in Columbidae: Insights from a comprehensive analysis
Yu Liu, Haiming Cai, Dingai Wang, Shenquan Liao, Nanshan Qi, Juan Li, Zhuanqiang Yan, Hanqin Shen, Siyun Fang, Minna Lv, Xuhui Lin, Yongle Song, Junjing Hu, Yibin Zhu, Xiangjie Chen, Lijun Yin, Jianfei Zhang, Yaqiong Guo, Mingfei Sun
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Prevalence and molecular characterization of Trichomonas gallinae from pigeons in Anhui, China
Yilei Zhang, Zhenxiao Lu, Zhenzhen Liu, Yuhan Zhou, Guodong Xiao, Ayanniyi Olalekan Opeyemi, Sihua Jin, Yongsheng Li, Tao Liu, Qiong Wu, Xingdong Sun, Qianming Xu, Qingxun Zhang, Congshan Yang
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SURVEY ON THE MOST COMMON DISEASES CIRCULATING AMONG PIGEONS IN THE EASTERN PROVINCE, SAUDI ARABIA
Mahmoud H.A.Mohamad, Adel M.Abdel Aziz
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Genetic characterization of Trichomonas gallinae (Rivolta, 1878) in companion birds in Japan and the genotypical relationship in the Asia region
Shyun Chou, Shinichiro Hadano, Atsushi Kojima, Mario Yorisaki, Masaru Yasuda, Kazunori Ike, Toshihiro Tokiwa
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A new duplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection and differentiation of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Trichomonas gallinae
Brigitte Sigrist, T. W. Cherry Ng, Sarah Albini, Nina Wolfrum
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Dong-qian Chen, Xin-yu Luo, Qiao-qiao Li, Jin-chao Pan, Hen Zhang, Yue-yue Gu, Zhen-zhen Kan, Jia-min Huang, Zhui Fang, Xin-chao Liu, You-fang Gu, Wen-Chao Li
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Prevalence and diversity of Trichomonas gallinae in meat pigeons (Columba livia) in Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
Haiming Cai, Yu Liu, Yibin Zhu, Zhihong Xu, Qingfeng Zhou, Zhuanqiang Yan, Shenquan Liao, Nanshan Qi, Juan Li, Xuhui Lin, Junjing Hu, Shuilan Yu, Jianfei Zhang, Junwei Lin, Minna Lv, Mingfei Sun
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Common bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases in pigeons (Columba livia): A review of diagnostic and treatment strategies
Harvey M. Santos, Ching-Yi Tsai, Gail Everette M. Catulin, Kim Chloe G. Trangia, Lemmuel L. Tayo, Hung-Jen Liu, Kuo Pin Chuang
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Original Articles

Identification of Tick Species Collected from Wild Boars and Habitats of Wild Boars and Domestic Pigs in the Republic of Korea: Jeong-Byoung Chae, Jun-Gu Kang, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, In-Yong Lee, Nam-Shik Shin, Joon-Seok Chae; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):185-191.
Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.185

Abstract
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Tick is one of the most important arthropods in the transmission of vector-borne diseases. In this study, we investigated the abundance and species of ticks associated with swine and their habitats to assess the risk of spread of tick-borne diseases in host species, such as wild boars. Ticks were collected from 24 grazing or traditionally reared domestic pig farms and 8 habitats of wild boars in 8 provinces and 1 city in the Republic of Korea, by using the dragging and flagging methods. Ticks were also collected directly from 49 wild boars by using fine forceps. A total of 9,846 hard ticks were collected, including 4,977 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 4,313 Haemaphysalis flava, 508 Ixodes nipponensis, 1 Ixodes turdus, and 47 Amblyomma testudinarium. A total of 240 hard ticks were collected from 49 wild boars, including 109 H. flava, 84 H. longicornis, and 47 A. testudinarium. A total of 578 hard ticks were collected from areas around domestic pig farms. Only 2 hard tick species, 546 H. longicornis and 32 H. flava, were collected from these areas. A total of 9,028 hard ticks were collected from wild boars of 8 habitats, including 4,347 H. longicornis, 4,172 H. flava, 508 I. nipponensis, and 1 I. turdus. A. testudinarium was collected only from wild boars, and I. nipponensis and I. turdus were collected only from the habitats of wild boars.

Citations

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Comparative distribution and population genetics of bisexual and parthenogenetic Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) in the Republic of Korea
Jiseok Kim, Donghun Kim
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.2025; 16(4): 102507. CrossRef
First Serologic Analysis of Antibodies Against African Swine Fever Virus Detected in Domestic Pig Farms in South Korea from 2019 to 2024
Seong-Keun Hong, Mugyeom Moon, Ki-Hyun Cho, Hae-Eun Kang, Jong-Soo Lee, Yeon-Hee Kim
Pathogens.2025; 14(6): 581. CrossRef
Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 in Free-Ranging Wild Boars and Ticks in Jiangsu Province, China
Fanqi Sun, Meng Li, Yi Wang, Wangkun Cheng, Meirong Li, Changlin Deng, Xianwei Wang, Zhen Yang
Viruses.2025; 17(8): 1049. CrossRef
Checklist of hosts, illustrated geographical range, and ecology of tick species from the genus Ixodes (Acari, Ixodidae) in Russia and other post-Soviet countries
Denis Fedorov, Sándor Hornok
ZooKeys.2024; 1201: 255. CrossRef
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Jun-Sik Lim, Mathieu Andraud, Eutteum Kim, Timothée Vergne, Theodore J. D. Knight-Jones
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
Molecular detection of Rickettsia amblyommatis and Rickettsia parkeri in ticks collected from wild pigs in Campeche, Mexico
Andrés M. López-Pérez, Sokani Sánchez-Montes, Brenda Aline Maya-Badillo, Guillermo Orta-Pineda, Saúl Reveles-Félix, Ingeborg Becker, Karla Bárcenas-Barreto, Adán Torres-Monroy, Rafael Ojeda-Flores, José Iván Sánchez-Betancourt
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.2022; 13(1): 101844. CrossRef
Understanding the transmission of African swine fever in wild boars of South Korea: A simulation study for parameter estimation
Jun‐Hee Han, Dae‐Sung Yoo, Son‐Il Pak, Eu‐Tteum Kim
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Xin Wang, Xiaoshuang Sun, Yankuo Sun, Kexin Chen, Kaiyao Zhang, Weihua Xu, Kewei Fan, Weiming Lin, Tengteng Chen, Xipan Lin, Kaixiong Lin, Hung-chuan Chiu, Cuiqin Huang
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Minhyung Jung, Jung-Wook Kho, Wook-Gyo Lee, Jong Yul Roh, Doo-Hyung Lee
Journal of Medical Entomology.2019; 56(4): 1139. CrossRef
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Jeong-Byoung Chae, Young-Sun Cho, Yoon-Kyoung Cho, Jun-Gu Kang, Nam-Shik Shin, Joon-Seok Chae
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 319. CrossRef
Four Year Surveillance of the Vector Hard Ticks for SFTS, Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea
Myung-Deok Kim-Jeon, Seung Jegal, Hojong Jun, Haneul Jung, Seo Hye Park, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Young Woo Gong, Kwangsig Joo, Mun Ju Kwon, Jong Yul Roh, Wook-Gyo Lee, Young Yil Bahk, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 691. CrossRef

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DNA Methylation of Gene Expression in Acanthamoeba castellanii Encystation: Eun-Kyung Moon, Yeonchul Hong, Hae-Ahm Lee, Fu-Shi Quan, Hyun-Hee Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):115-120.
Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.115

Abstract
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Encystation mediating cyst specific cysteine proteinase (CSCP) of Acanthamoeba castellanii is expressed remarkably during encystation. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of CSCP gene expression remains unclear. In this study, we focused on epigenetic regulation of gene expression during encystation of Acanthamoeba. To evaluate methylation as a potential mechanism involved in the regulation of CSCP expression, we first investigated the correlation between promoter methylation status of CSCP gene and its expression. A 2,878 bp of promoter sequence of CSCP gene was amplified by PCR. Three CpG islands (island 1-3) were detected in this sequence using bioinformatics tools. Methylation of CpG island in trophozoites and cysts was measured by bisulfite sequence PCR. CSCP promoter methylation of CpG island 1 (1,633 bp) was found in 8.2% of trophozoites and 7.3% of cysts. Methylation of CpG island 2 (625 bp) was observed in 4.2% of trophozoites and 5.8% of cysts. Methylation of CpG island 3 (367 bp) in trophozoites and cysts was both 3.6%. These results suggest that DNA methylation system is present in CSCP gene expression of Acanthamoeba. In addition, the expression of encystation mediating CSCP is correlated with promoter CpG island 1 hypomethylation.

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Antiproliferation and Antiencystation Effect of Class II Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on Acanthamoeba castellanii
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 217. CrossRef

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Identifying Novel B Cell Epitopes within Toxoplasma gondii GRA6: Yanhua Wang, Guangxiang Wang, Jian Ping Cai; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):431-437.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.431

Abstract
PDF

The study of antigenic epitopes from Toxoplasma gondii has not only enhanced our understanding of the structure and function of antigens, the reactions between antigens and antibodies, and many other aspects of immunology, but it also plays a significant role in the development of new diagnostic reagents and vaccines. In the present study, T. gondii GRA6 epitopes were identified using bioinformatics tools and a synthetic peptide technique. The potential B cell epitopes of GRA6 predicted by bioinformatics tools concentrated upon 3 regions of GRA6, 1-20 aa, 44-103 aa, and 172-221 aa. Ten shorter peptides from the 3 regions were synthesized and assessed by ELISA using pig sera from different time points after infection. Three of the 10 peptides (amino acids 44-63, 172-191, and 192-211) tested were recognized by all sera and determined to be immunodominant B-cell epitopes of GRA6. The results indicated that we precisely and accurately located the T. gondii GRA6 epitopes using pig sera collected at different time points after infection. The identified epitopes may be very useful for further studies of epitope-based vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

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A Structural In Silico Analysis of Novel Epitopes from Toxoplasma gondii Proteins for the Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasmosis
Angelis del Valle Benitez Betancourt, Tamires Lopes Silva, Débora Karolla de Freitas Oliveira, Nilson Nicolau-Junior, João Luis Garcia, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo, José Roberto Mineo
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(10): 4689. CrossRef
Harnessing antigenic proteins of Toxoplasma gondii for efficient diagnosis: a study of promising candidates
Saumya Srivastava, Anil Kumar Gupta, Amit Singh, Sudip Kumar Datta, Sarman Singh
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Letter to the editor of Heliyon re: Bioinformatics-based prediction and screening of immunogenic epitopes of Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry proteins 7, 21 and 22 as candidate vaccine target
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Design of a polytopic construct of LACK, TSA and GP63 proteins for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis: An in silico strategy
Zahra Arab-Mazar, Mehdi Mohebali, Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar, Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei, Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani, Niloofar Taghipour
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Jiajing Guo, Xiaozhen Yue, Jiaojiao Chang, Zhenyuan Zhang, Jinnian Li, Xuelan Liu
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Maritza Fernandez Culma
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A peptide originated from Toxoplasma gondii microneme 8 displaying serological evidence to differentiate recent from chronic human infection
Silas Silva Santana, Vinícius Fernandes Paiva, Fernando Reis Carvalho, Heber Leão Silva Barros, Tamires Lopes Silva, Patrício Silva Cardoso Barros, Ana Cláudia Arantes Marquez Pajuaba, Geisa Baptista Barros, Reynaldo Dietze, Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo,
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Hemozoin Pigment: An Important Tool for Low Parasitemic Malarial Diagnosis: Sarita Mohapatra, Arnab Ghosh, Ruchi Singh, Dhirendra Pratap Singh, Bhawna Sharma, Jyotish Chandra Samantaray, Manorama Deb, Rajni Gaind; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):393-397.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.393

Abstract
PDF

Low parasitemic condition in malaria remains a diagnostic challenge; as the available diagnostic methods failed to detect. Currently, hemozoin (Hz) pigment is gaining attention in the diagnosis of malaria. The major drawback is ease of detection of Hz in routine practice. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the role of Hz pigment and to compare the performance of quantitative buffy coat assay (QBC) and PCR in such conditions. Clinically suspected cases of malaria were examined by both Giemsa stain and immunochromatographic test (ICT). Samples positive by ICT and negative by Giemsa stain were further examined by nested PCR targeting 18S rRNA and QBC for the presence of malaria parasites and pigments. Thirty blood samples fulfilled the inclusion criteria out of which 23 were Plasmodium vivax (Pv), 4 Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), and 3 mixed (Pv and Pf) by immunochromatographic test. Twenty-one out of 30 (70%) were positive by nested PCR in comparison to 25/30 (83%) by QBC. Samples containing both malaria parasites and Hz pigment by QBC completely showed concordance with the PCR result. However, 61% of total samples containing only Hz pigment were observed positive by PCR. Hz pigment remains an important tool for malaria diagnosis. Identification of leukocytes containing pigments by QBC not only indicates recent malarial infections but also puts light on severity of the disease. QBC assay is a rapid, highly sensitive, and cost-effective method to detect malaria parasites and Hz pigment especially in low parasitemic conditions.

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Brief Communications

Cryptosporidium suis Infection in Post-Weaned and Adult Pigs in Shaanxi Province, Northwestern China: Qing Lin, Xing-Ye Wang, Jian-Wen Chen, Ling Ding, Guang-Hui Zhao; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):113-117.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.113

Abstract
PDF

Cryptosporidium spp., ubiquitous enteric parasitic protozoa of vertebrates, recently emerged as an important cause of economic loss and zoonosis. The present study aimed to determine the distribution and species of Cryptosporidium in post-weaned and adult pigs in Shaanxi province, northwestern China. A total of 1,337 fresh fecal samples of post-weaned and adult pigs were collected by sterile disposable gloves from 8 areas of Shaanxi province. The samples were examined by Sheather’s sugar flotation technique and microscopy at×400 magnification for Cryptosporidium infection, and the species in positive samples was further identified by PCR amplification of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene. A total of 44 fecal samples were successfully amplified by the nested PCR of the partial SSU rRNA, with overall prevalence of 3.3%. The average prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in each pig farms ranged from 0 to 14.4%. Species identification by sequencing of SSU rRNA gene revealed that 42 (3.1%) samples were Cryptosporidium suis and 2 (0.15%) were Cryptosporidium scrofarum. C. suis had the highest prevalence (7.5%) in growers and the lowest in breeding pigs (0.97%). C. suis was the predominant species in pre-weaned and adult pigs, while C. scrofarum infected pigs older than 3 months only. A season-related difference of C. suis was observed in this study, with the highest prevalence in autumn (5.5%) and the lowest (1.7%) in winter. The present study provided basic information for control of Cryptosporidium infection in pigs and assessment of zoonotic transmission of pigs in Shaanxi province, China.

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Laura Garza-Moreno, Celia León, Joaquín Quílez
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Outbreak of severe diarrhea due to zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum and C. xiaoi in goat kids in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
Ah-Young Kim, Badriah Alkathiri, Subin Lee, Kyung-Duk Min, Soochong Kim, Sang-Myeong Lee, Wan-Kyu Lee, Dongmi Kwak, Seung-Hun Lee
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Pei Wang, Sen Li, Yang Zou, Zi-Cheng Du, De-Ping Song, Ping Wang, Xiao-Qing Chen
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Dongfang Li, Han Deng, Yaxin Zheng, Hongyan Zhang, Sen Wang, Lan He, Junlong Zhao
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Hua Liu, Hongxia Ni, Jie Xu, Rong Wang, Yongdong Li, Yujuan Shen, Jianping Cao, Jianhai Yin
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Aiqin Liu, Baiyan Gong, Xiaohua Liu, Yujuan Shen, Yanchen Wu, Weizhe Zhang, Jianping Cao, Luther A. Bartelt
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Haiyan Wang, Yiqi Zhang, Yayun Wu, Junqiang Li, Meng Qi, Tingwen Li, Jianling Wang, Rongjun Wang, Sumei Zhang, Fuchun Jian, Changshen Ning, Longxian Zhang
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Human Neurocysticercosis Case and an Endemic Focus of Taenia solium in Lao PDR: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Tai-Soon Yong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):599-602.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.599

Abstract
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A male patient with neurocysticercosis was identified in Montai Village, Xay District, Oudomxay Province, Lao PDR in February 2004. He had a history of diagnosis for neurocysticercosis by a CT scan in Thailand after an onset of epileptic seizure in 1993. A pig in the same district was found to contain Taenia solium metacestodes (=cysticerci); the slaughtered pig body contained more than 2,000 cysticerci. In addition to morphological identification, molecular identification was also performed on the cysticerci by DNA sequencing analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene; they were confirmed as T. solium metacestodes. The patient is regarded as an indigenous case of neurocysticercosis infected in an endemic focus of T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in Oudomxay Province, Lao PDR.

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The challenges of detecting Taenia solium and neurocysticercosis in low and middle‐income countries: A scoping review of Lao People's Democratic Republic
Andrew Larkins, Sarah Keatley, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Rattanaxay Phetsouvanh, Mieghan Bruce, Amanda Ash
Tropical Medicine & International Health.2023; 28(5): 344. CrossRef
A Spatial Autocorrelation Method for Taenia solium Risk Mapping: The Case of Lao PDR
Andrew Larkins, Mieghan Bruce, Amanda Ash
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(4): 221. CrossRef
Risk mapping for Taenia solium: Applying multicriteria decision analysis in Lao PDR
Andrew Larkins, Mieghan Bruce, Rattanxay Phetsouvanh, Amanda Ash
Tropical Medicine & International Health.2023; 28(9): 736. CrossRef
Taeniasis and cysticercosis in Asia: A review with emphasis on molecular approaches and local lifestyles
Akira Ito, Tiaoying Li, Toni Wandra, Paron Dekumyoy, Tetsuya Yanagida, Munehiro Okamoto, Christine M Budke
Acta Tropica.2019; 198: 105075. CrossRef
Improved methods to capture the total societal benefits of zoonotic disease control: Demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of an integrated control programme for Taenia solium, soil transmitted helminths and classical swine fever in northern Lao PDR
Walter O. Okello, Anna L. Okello, Phouth Inthavong, Tassilo Tiemann, Ammaly Phengsivalouk, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Alexandra Shaw, John Allen, Agnes Fleury
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(9): e0006782. CrossRef
Cysticercosis/taeniasis endemicity in Southeast Asia: Current status and control measures
Hai-Wei Wu, Akira Ito, Lin Ai, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Luz P. Acosta, Arve Lee Willingham III
Acta Tropica.2017; 165: 121. CrossRef
Needs of exploring the burden of recent onset seizures due to neurocysticercosis and challenges in southeast Asia focusing on scenario in Malaysia
Priyadarshi S. Sahu, Yvonne A.L. Lim, Rohela Mahmud, Sushela D. Somanath, Chong T. Tan, C.P. Ramachandran
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2017; 10(4): 332. CrossRef
Neurocysticercosis: A case study of a Mongolian traveler who visited China and India with an updated review in Asia
Anu Davaasuren, Abmed Davaajav, Baigalmaa Ukhnaa, Altantsetseg Purvee, Saraa Unurkhaan, Amartuvshin Luvsan, Jenae E. Logan, Akira Ito
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.2017; 20: 31. CrossRef
A Case of Cerebral Cysticercosis in Thailand
Samasuk Thammachantha, Ratana Kunnatiranont, Pongwat Polpong
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Cultural drivers and health-seeking behaviours that impact on the transmission of pig-associated zoonoses in Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Stephanie Burniston, Anna L Okello, Boualam Khamlome, Phouth Inthavong, Jeffrey Gilbert, Stuart D Blacksell, John Allen, Susan C Welburn
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Endemic Pig-Associated Zoonoses in Southeast Asia: A Review of Findings from the Lao People's Democratic Republic
Anna L. Okello, Stephanie Burniston, James V. Conlan, Phouth Inthavong, Boualam Khamlome, Susan C. Welburn, Jeffrey Gilbert, John Allen, Stuart D. Blacksell
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2015; 92(5): 1059. CrossRef

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Detection of Acute Toxoplasmosis in Pigs Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Quantitative PCR: Yanhua Wang, Guangxiang Wang, Delin Zhang, Hong Yin, Meng Wang; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):573-577.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.573

Abstract
PDF

A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay allows rapid diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection. In the present study, the LAMP assay was evaluated using blood from both naturally and experimentally infected pigs. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay was compared with that of Q-PCR. Both assays detected T. gondii in the blood of experimentally infected pigs, with 100% agreement. In infected blood samples, the parasite was detected as early as 2 days post-infection and reached a peak in 3-5 days. In 216 field serum samples, the detection rates of LAMP and Q-PCR assays were 6.9% and 7.8%, respectively. This result indicates that the sensitivity of the LAMP assay was slightly lower than that of the Q-PCR assay. However, the LAMP may be an attractive diagnostic method in conditions where sophisticated and expensive equipment is unavailable. This assay could be a powerful supplement to current diagnostic methods.

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Mohammad Mahdi Jafari, Zahra Azimzadeh Tabrizi, Mohammad Saaid Dayer, Nazanin Atieh Kazemi-Sefat, Mahshid Mohtashamifard, Rahimeh Mohseni, Atefeh Bagheri, Saeed Bahadory, Amir Karimipour-Saryazdi, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
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Fabrizia Veronesi, Azzurra Santoro, Giovanni Luigi Milardi, Manuela Diaferia, Raffaella Branciari, Dino Miraglia, Attilia Cioffi, Simona Gabrielli, David Ranucci
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Amir Abdoli, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Haleh Soltanghoraee, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
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Xunhui Zhuo, Bin Huang, Jiaqing Luo, Haijie Yu, Baolong Yan, Yi Yang, Aifang Du
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Papa M. Drame, Doran L. Fink, Joseph Kamgno, Jesica A. Herrick, Thomas B. Nutman, M. J. Loeffelholz
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2014; 52(6): 2071. CrossRef

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Articles from Symposium on Asian Taenia (October 2011, Osong, Korea)

Historical Overview of Taenia asiatica in Taiwan: Hong Kean Ooi, Chau-Mei Ho, Wen-Cheng Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):31-36.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.31

Abstract
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An overview of the epidemiological, biological, and clinical studies of Taenia and taeniasis in Taiwan for the past century is presented. The phenomenal observations that led to the discovery of Taenia asiatica as a new species, which differ from Taenia solium and Taenia saginata, are described. Parasitological surveys of the aborigines in Taiwan revealed a high prevalence of taeniasis, which might be due to the culture of eating raw liver of hunted wild boars. Chemotherapeutic deworming trials involving many patients with taeniasis were discussed. Praziquantel was found to be very effective, but sometimes complete worms could not be recovered from the feces after treatment, probably due to the dissolution of the proglottids. Atabrine, despite some side effects, can still be used, in properly controlled dosages, as the drug of choice for human T. asiatica infection if we need to recover the expelled worms for morphological examinations. Research results on the infection of T. asiatica eggs from Taiwan aborigines in experimental animals were also noted. Since the pig serve as the natural intermediate host of T. asiatica and the predilection site is the liver, a differential comparison of other parasitic pathogens that might cause apparently similar lesions is also presented.

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Aman D. Moudgil, Anil K. Nehra, Pallavi Moudgil
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Teniases caused by Taenia asiatica, Taenia saginata, Taenia solium
S. B. Chuelov, A. L. Rossina
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Accurate diagnosis of lesions suspected of being caused by Taenia solium in body organs of pigs with naturally acquired porcine cysticercosis
Charles G. Gauci, Chrisostom Ayebazibwe, Zachary Nsadha, Chris Rutebarika, Ishab Poudel, Keshav Sah, Dinesh Kumar Singh, Andrew Stent, Angela Colston, Meritxell Donadeu, Marshall W. Lightowlers, Mar Siles-Lucas
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2019; 13(6): e0007408. CrossRef
Epidemiology and genetic diversity of Taenia asiatica: a systematic review
Anita Ale, Bjorn Victor, Nicolas Praet, Sarah Gabriël, Niko Speybroeck, Pierre Dorny, Brecht Devleesschauwer
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Parasitic porkborne hazards, globalisation, and meat inspection
Maria Teresa Galán-Puchades, Màrius V. Fuentes
Food Control.2014; 46: 546. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Intestinal Parasite Infections in Pigs and Beef Cattle in Rural Areas of Chungcheongnam-do, Korea: Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Hyung-Kyu Jeon, Yong-Man Yu, Changhee Do, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):347-349.
Published online December 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.347

Abstract
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The present study was performed to investigate the infection status of intestinal parasites in pigs and beef cattle in rural areas of Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. From November 2009 to April 2010, a total of 241 fecal samples of pigs and beef cattle (136 and 105, respectively) were examined by direct smear and centrifugal sedimentation methods. The overall positive rates of intestinal parasites among pigs and beef cattle were 73.5% and 4.8%, respectively, and the double-infection rate was 10.3% in pigs. Of 136 specimens from pigs, Balantidium coli, Ascaris suum, and Entamoeba spp. infections were found in 88 (64.7%), 24 (17.6%), and 5 cases (3.7%), respectively. Of 105 beef cattle, Entamoeba spp. infections were detected in 5 cases (4.8%). From these results, it is shown that pigs raised on rural farms in Chungcheongnam-do had a high B. coli infection rate and a moderate A. suum infection rate. These results demonstrate that environmentally resistant cysts or eggs could be widespread on the farms examined, and thus an effective hygienic management system is needed to prevent them from serving as the source of infection for human beings.

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Original Article

A seroepidemiological survey of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Nabo, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China: Joon-Yong Chung, Keeseon S. Eom, Yichao Yang, Xenming Li, Zheng Feng, Han-Jong Rim, Seung-Yull Cho, Yoon Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(4):135-139.
Published online December 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.4.135

Abstract
PDF

We have observed the seropositive rate of Taenia solium cysticercosis in residents at Nabo Village, Tiandong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The village had been found to be a relatively high endemic area of porcine cysticercosis among roaming pigs. Of 202 persons examined four males aged 15, 25, 35 and 41 year-old exhibited absorbance (abs) at 0.18, 0.20, 0.35 and 0.55, respectively. In addition, two females whose ages were 35 and 39 years revealed specific antibody levels of abs 0.26 and 0.41 in their sera. Overall positive rate among the people was 2.97%. All of these persons agreed that they had ingested the pork infected with T. solium metacestode (TsM), while history of proglottid discharge was not noticed from all of them. Three males and one female complained of intermittent headache. Our findings reinforced not only that the prevalence of cysticercosis might be related with roaming pigs infected with TsM but also that behavioral and environmental practices in local community constituted risk factors for transmission of the infection.

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A Marked Decline in Taenia solium Taeniasis and Cysticercosis Infections in China: Possible Reasons from the Ecological Determinants Perspective
Junqiang Li, Feifei Xu, Yuancai Chen, Md Robiul Karim, Yilin Wang, Kaihui Zhang, Xiaoying Li, Pitambar Dhakal, Rongjun Wang, Longxian Zhang
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Taeniasis and cysticercosis in Asia: A review with emphasis on molecular approaches and local lifestyles
Akira Ito, Tiaoying Li, Toni Wandra, Paron Dekumyoy, Tetsuya Yanagida, Munehiro Okamoto, Christine M Budke
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Brief Communication

Infection status of pigs with Cryptosporidium parvum: Jae-Ran Yu, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(1):45-47.
Published online March 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.1.45

Abstract
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To investigate the infection status of pigs with Cryptosporidium parvum, 589 fecal samples were collected from pigs raised at farm in Chungcheongbuk-do and Chungcheongnam-do. Of the 589 pig fecal samples, 62 (10.5%) were positive for C. parvum. The area showing the highest positive rate was Dangjin-gun, Chungcheongnam-do (14.0%), and the lowest (0%) Salmi-myon, Chungcheongbuk-do. The positive rate of C. parvum in Judok-eup increased from 12.7% in the winter to 22.1% in the summer. The results of this study suggest that the pigs may be a source of human C. parvum infection.

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Original Article

Ultrastructural changes of the hepatocytes and biliary epithelia due to Clonorchis sinensis in guinea pigs: Lee, Sun Yong , Lee, Soon Hyung , Chi, Je Geun; Korean J Parasitol 1978;16(2):88-102.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1978.16.2.88

Abstract
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The present study was undertaken to observe the changes of hepatocyte and biliary epithelium in the liver of guinea pigs infected with C. sinensis. Ten guinea pigs infected with 500 metacercariae of C. sinensis each were reared for 11 weeks. After sacrifice, the liver tissues were processed both for conventional light microscopy and for electronmicroscopy. The following results were obtained by light and electronmicroscopic observation of these tissue preparations. The dilatation of bile ducts with chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis, and flattening of lining epithelium were observed by light microscopy. Bile duct showed a single low columnar or cuboidal epithelium and subepithelial small round cell infiltration. Papillary proliferation, adenomatous hyperplasia and increase of goblet cells in the subepithelial glands were also noted in some areas of bile ducts. Occasionally, small fibrous nodules in the portal tract replacing bile ducts, surrounded by a heavy infiltrate of small round cells and neutrophils were observed. On light microscopic examination, no cellular damages were seen in the liver cells except mild fatty degeneration. Electronmicroscopic examination of the biliary epithelium revealed increased mucin granules, cytoplasmic projection into lumen, decreased microvilli and obstruction of bile canaliculi. Indistinct and/or irregular appearances of intercellular lateral interdigitation were observed in most of biliary epithelium. On the electronmicrographs of hepatocytes, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum(ER) and destruction of cristae in some mitochondriae were prominent features. Disappearance of cytoplasmic organells and dilatation of bile canaliculi were also monitored. Endothelial cells in the sinusoids were remained intact.

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