Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"sporozoite"

Brief Communication

Seroprevalence of Plasmodium vivax Circumsporozoite Protein Antibody in High-Risk Malaria Areas in Korea: Jinyoung Lee, Kyoung Jin, Seong Kyu Ahn, Sung-Keun Lee, Hyung Wook Kwon, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(4):415-419.
Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.4.415

The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium spp. is a diagnostic antigen and useful biomarker for monitoring short-term/seasonal changes to malaria transmission. Using P. vivax CSP antibody ELISA, epidemiological characteristics were analyzed in the residents of Ganghwa, Cheorwon, Paju, and Goseong from 2017 to 2018. In Ganghwa and Cheorwon, 1.6% and 1.2% of residents, respectively, were PvCSP-antibody-positive in 2018, which indicates a decrease of 0.4% in the positive rate compared to 2017. The annual parasite incidence (API) in Ganghwa and Cheorwon was 24.9 and 10.5 in 2017 and 20.3 and 10.7 in 2018, respectively. Although the changes were not significant, the API in Ganghwa decreased slightly by 4.5 in 2018 compared to the previous year. In Paju and Goseong, 3.9% and 2.0% of residents were positive for the PvCSP antibody. The API in Paju was 13.1 in 2017 and 16.0 in 2018, although no malaria patients were reported for the 2 years. Therefore, the results suggest that PvCSP is a useful antigen for confirming initial malaria infection. Additionally, considering that the antibody is relatively transient, it can be employed for sero-epidemiological studies to determine the extent of malaria transmission in the current year.

Citations

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Using Serological Markers for the Surveillance of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Scoping Review
Lejla Kartal, Ivo Mueller, Rhea J. Longley
Pathogens.2023; 12(6): 791. CrossRef
Mosquirix™ RTS, S/AS01 Vaccine Development, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy
Aroosa Younis Nadeem, Adeeb Shehzad, Salman Ul Islam, Ebtesam A. Al-Suhaimi, Young Sup Lee
Vaccines.2022; 10(5): 713. CrossRef
Serological responses to a soluble recombinant circumsporozoite protein-VK210 of Plasmodium vivax (rPvCSP-VK210) among Iranian malaria patients
Mehdi Nateghpour, Soudabeh Etemadi, Afsaneh Motevalli Haghi, Hamid Eslami, Mehdi Mohebali, Leila Farivar
European Journal of Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Potential Vaccine Targets against Rabbit Coccidiosis by Immunoproteomic Analysis: Hongyan Song, Ronglian Dong, Baofeng Qiu, Jin Jing, Shunxing Zhu, Chun Liu, Yingmei Jiang, Liucheng Wu, Shengcun Wang, Jin Miao, Yixiang Shao; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):15-20.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.15

Abstract
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The aim of this study was to identify antigens for a vaccine or drug target to control rabbit coccidiosis. A combination of 2-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometric analysis were used to identify novel antigens from the sporozoites of Eimeria stiedae. Protein spots were recognized by the sera of New Zealand rabbits infected artificially with E. stiedae. The proteins were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) analysis in combination with bioinformatics. Approximately 868 protein spots were detected by silver-staining, and a total of 41 immunoreactive protein spots were recognized by anti-E. stiedae sera. Finally, 23 protein spots were successfully identified. The proteins such as heat shock protein 70 and aspartyl protease may have potential as immunodiagnostic or vaccine antigens. The immunoreactive proteins were found to possess a wide range of biological functions. This study is the first to report the proteins recognized by sera of infected rabbits with E. stiedae, which might be helpful in identifying potential targets for vaccine development to control rabbit coccidiosis.

Citations

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Immunoproteomic analyses identify broadly cross-reactive sporozoite immunogens of Eimeria maxima recognized by antisera from chickens infected with E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. tenella or E. acervulina
Haiwei Gong, Haiying Deng, Feng Song, Tao Han, Xiangqin Wang, Shangyu Feng, Weiyi Chen, Liheng Liu
Veterinary Parasitology.2025; 336: 110462. CrossRef
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Jie Xiao, Ruoyu Zheng, Xin Bai, Jiayan Pu, Hao Chen, Xiaobin Gu, Yue Xie, Ran He, Jing Xu, Bo Jing, Xuerong Peng, Guangyou Yang
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Georgios Sioutas, Konstantinos Evangelou, Antonios Vlachavas, Elias Papadopoulos
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X. Yuan, J. Liu, F. Wang, X. F. Hu, F. Wen, X. E. Tang, S. S. Yang, S. W. Zhong, Z. H. Zhou, Yong Li
World Rabbit Science.2021; 29(3): 183. CrossRef
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D Indrasanti, M Indradji, E Yuwono, M Samsi, P V Sundari, M N Ichwan, E S Anengseh, M N Hatmadifia, T N Hidayat
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.2019; 372(1): 012008. CrossRef
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Arti Sharma, Sarkaraisamy Ponmariappan, Rani Sarita, Syed Imtiaz Alam, Dev Vrat Kamboj, Sangeeta Shukla
Current Microbiology.2018; 75(5): 531. CrossRef

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Relationship between Antibody-Positive Rate against Plasmodium vivax Circumsporozoite Protein and Incidence of Malaria: Hyeong-Woo Lee, Yoon-Joong Kang, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jhang Ho Pak, Ho-Woo Nam, Yun-Kyu Park, Youngjoo Sohn, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(2):169-175.
Published online April 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.169

Abstract
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The relationship between anti-Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antibody levels and the prevalence of malaria in epidemic areas of South Korea was evaluated. Blood samples were collected from inhabitants of Gimpo-si (city), Paju-si, and Yeoncheon-gun (county) in Gyeonggi-do (province), as well as Cheorwon-gun in Gangwon-do from November to December 2004. Microscopic examinations were used to identify malaria parasites. ELISA was used to quantitate anti-circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antibodies against P. vivax. A total of 1,774 blood samples were collected. The overall CSP-ELISA-positive rate was 7.7% (n=139). The annual parasite incidences (APIs) in these areas gradually decreased from 2004 to 2005 (1.09 and 0.80, respectively). The positive rate in Gimpo (10.4%, 44/425) was the highest identified by CSP-ELISA. The highest API was found in Yeoncheon, followed by Cheorwon, Paju, and Gimpo in both years. The positive rates of CSP-ELISA were closely related to the APIs in the study areas. These results suggest that seroepidemiological studies based on CSP may be helpful in estimating the malaria prevalence in certain areas. In addition, this assay can be used to establish and evaluate malaria control and eradication programs in affected areas.

Citations

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Updated global distribution of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein variants and their correlation with vector susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Marrara P. Sampaio, Marcelo Cerilo-Filho, Yasmin de A․G․do Amaral, Maria Naely G. Almeida, Rayanne I. Correa, Dulce J.V. Fernando, Nathália F. Reis, Leonardo A. Miceli, José R.S. Silva, Luciane M. Storti-Melo, Andréa R.S. Baptista, Ricardo L.D. Machado
Acta Tropica.2025; 261: 107508. CrossRef
Using Serological Markers for the Surveillance of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Scoping Review
Lejla Kartal, Ivo Mueller, Rhea J. Longley
Pathogens.2023; 12(6): 791. CrossRef

9,698 View
124 Download
2 Web of Science
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Probability of Antibody Formation against Circumsporozoite Protein of Plasmodium vivax among Korean Malaria Patients: Ho-Woo Nam, Kyoung Ju Song, Hye Jin Ahn, Zhaoshou Yang, Chom-Kyu Chong, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(2):143-149.
Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.143

Abstract
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To evaluate the seroprevalence against circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium vivax in sera of Korean patients, the central repeating domain (CRD) of CSP was cloned and analyzed. From the genomic DNA of patient's blood, 2 kinds of CSPs were identified to belong to a VK210 type, which is the dominant repeating of GDRA(D/A)GQPA, and named as PvCSPA and PvCSPB. Recombinantly expressed his-tagged PvCSPA or PvCSPB in Escherichia coli reacted well against sera of patients in western blot, with the detecting rate of 47.9% (58/121), which included 15 cases positive for PvCSPA, 6 cases positive for PvCSPB, and 37 cases for both. The mixture of PvCSPA and PvCSPB was loaded to a rapid diagnostic test kit (RDT) and applied with the same set of patient sera, which resulted in detection rates of 57.0% (69/121). When the protein sequences of PvCSPA were compared with those of P. vivax in endemic regions of India and Uganda, they were compatibly homologous to PvCSPA with minor mutations. These results suggested that the recombinant PvCSPA and PvCSPB loaded RDT may be a milestone in latent diagnosis which has been a hot issue of domestic malaria and important for radical therapy in overlapped infections with P. falciparum in tropical and subtropical areas. During the biological process of malarial infection, exposure of CSP to antigen-antibody reaction up to 57.0% is the first report in Korea.

Citations

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Using Serological Markers for the Surveillance of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Scoping Review
Lejla Kartal, Ivo Mueller, Rhea J. Longley
Pathogens.2023; 12(6): 791. CrossRef
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Seda Yerlikaya, Ewurama D A Owusu, Augustina Frimpong, Robert Kirk DeLisle, Xavier C Ding
Clinical Infectious Diseases.2022; 74(1): 40. CrossRef
Structure-genetic diversity and recombinant protein of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of vivax malaria antigen: A potential malaria vaccine candidate
Vahid Raissi, Soudabeh Etemadi, Muhammad Ibrahim Getso, Ahmad Mehravaran, Omid Raiesi
Gene Reports.2021; 23: 101132. CrossRef
Serological responses to a soluble recombinant circumsporozoite protein-VK210 of Plasmodium vivax (rPvCSP-VK210) among Iranian malaria patients
Mehdi Nateghpour, Soudabeh Etemadi, Afsaneh Motevalli Haghi, Hamid Eslami, Mehdi Mohebali, Leila Farivar
European Journal of Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Recent Advances in the Development of Biosensors for Malaria Diagnosis
Francis D. Krampa, Yaw Aniweh, Prosper Kanyong, Gordon A. Awandare
Sensors.2020; 20(3): 799. CrossRef
Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Causing Epidemic Malaria in the Republic of Korea
Young Yil Bahk, Jeonga Kim, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(6): 545. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax msp-3α polymorphisms: analysis in the Indian subcontinent
Anju Verma, Hema Joshi, Vineeta Singh, Anup Anvikar, Neena Valecha
Malaria Journal.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Mosquito Species Composition and Plasmodium vivax Infection Rates on Baengnyeong-do (Island), Republic of Korea: Desmond H. Foley, Terry A. Klein, In-Yong Lee, Myung-Soon Kim, Richard C. Wilkerson, Genelle Harrison, Leopoldo M. Rueda, Heung Chul Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):313-316.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.313

Abstract
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Vivax malaria is a significant military and civilian health threat in the north of the Republic of Korea (ROK). The island of Baengnyeong-do is the westernmost point of the ROK and is located close to the southwestern coast of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). Mosquitoes were collected using a black light trap on Baengnyeong-do, and Anopheles spp. were assayed by PCR, to identify the species, and screened for sporozoites of Plasmodium vivax. Of a subsample of 257 mosquitoes, Anopheles lesteri was the most frequently collected (49.8%), followed by Anopheles sinensis (22.6%), Anopheles pullus (18.7%), Anopheles kleini (7.8%), and Anopheles belenrae (1.2%). The overall sporozoite rate was 3.1%, with the highest rates observed in An. kleini (15.0%), An. sinensis (5.2%), and An. lesteri (1.6%). No sporozoite positive An. pullus or An. belenrae were observed. The results extend our knowledge of the distribution and potential role in malaria transmission of An. kleini, An. lesteri, and An. sinensis, for an area previously considered to be at a low risk for contracting vivax malaria.

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Original Articles

Detection of vivax malaria sporozoites naturally infected in Anopheline mosquitoes from endemic areas of northern parts of Gyeonggi-do (Province) in Korea: Hyeong Woo Lee, E-Hyun Shin, Shin Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Chung Lim Kim, Wook Gyo Lee, Sung Ung Moon, Jong Soo Lee, Wan Ja Lee, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2002;40(2):75-81.
Published online June 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2002.40.2.75

Abstract
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We investigated population densities of mosquitoes infected with sporozoites in three highly epidemic areas of Josan-ri and Jangpa-ri (Paju City) and Dongjung-ri (Yeoncheon County) in Korea. Anopheline mosquitoes were collected from both indoors and outdoors by human baiting collection method during the period of the first week of June to the second week of September 1999. Total 13,296 female mosquitoes were collected and 8,650 (65.1%) were Anophelines. Thirty seven percent (3,199) of the Anopheline mosquitoes were captured outdoors and 63.9% (5,531) indoors. Employing a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we analyzed a total of 7,820 Anopheline mosquitoes and found that 7 Anopheline mosquitoes were infected with sporozoites. The positive rate in Josan-ri was 0.14% (5/3,500) and 0.15% (2/1,370) in Jangpa-ri. The total positive rate in all three surveyed areas was 0.09% (7/7,820). The mosquitoes infected with the sporozoites were detected on June 28^th (n=2), July 5^th (n=1), July 19^th (n=1), August 9^th (n=1), September 6^th (n=1), and the last one on September 13^th (n=1). They were all classified as Anopheles sinensis, which showed positive reaction in ELISA test. Therefore it might be concluded that Anopheles sinensis plays an important role in re-emerging malaria transmission in Korea.

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Seasonal dynamics ofAnophelesspecies at three locations in the Republic of Korea
Desmond H. Foley, Terry A. Klein, Heung Chul Kim, Myung-Soon Kim, Richard C. Wilkerson, Cong Li, Genelle Harrison, Leopoldo M. Rueda
Journal of Vector Ecology.2017; 42(2): 335. CrossRef
Vector Competence ofAnopheles kleiniandAnopheles sinensis(Diptera: Culicidae) From the Republic of Korea to Vivax Malaria-Infected Blood From Patients From Thailand
Ratawan Ubalee, Heung-Chul Kim, Anthony L. Schuster, Patrick W. McCardle, Siriporn Phasomkusolsil, Ratree Takhampunya, Silas A. Davidson, Won-Ja Lee, Terry A. Klein
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Joon-Sup Yeom, Gyo Jun, Jung-Yeon Kim, Won-Ja Lee, E-Hyun Shin, Kyu-Sik Chang, Ji-Hwan Bang, Sejoong Oh, Joon-Young Kang, Jae-Won Park
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Two new genotypes of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein found in the Republic of Korea: Weon-Gyu Kho, Yeong-Hong Park, Joon-Yong Chung, Jong-Pil Kim, Sung-Tae Hong, Won-Ja Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Jong-Soo Lee; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(4):265-270.
Published online December 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.4.265

Abstract
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The gene encoding Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein (PvCSP) exhibits polymorphism in many geographical isolates. The present study was designed to investigate polymorphism in PvCSP gene of P. vivax isolates in Korea. Thirty isolates, obtained from indigenous cases in Yonchon-gun, Kyonggi-do in 1997, were subjected for sequencing and RFLP analysis of the repeat and post-repeat regions of PvCSP gene and two genotypes (SK-A and SK-B) were identified. The genotype of 19 isolates was SK-A and that of 11 isolates was SK-B. Although the number of 12-base repeats present in SK-A was three while two were found in a Chinese strain CH-5, the repeat sequence of SK-A was identical to that of CH-5 except for one base substitution. Compared with known data there was no identical isolates with SK-B, but the sequence of SK-B was similar to that of a North Korean (NK) isolate. These results indicate that two genotypes of PvCSP coexist in the present epidemic area of Korea and the present parasite may originate from East Asia. RFLP would be useful to classify genotypes of P. vivax population instead of gene sequencing.

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Exploring genetic polymorphisms among Plasmodium vivax isolates from the Thai-Myanmar borders using circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) and ookinete surface protein (pvs25) encoding genes
Bashir Abdirahman Guled, Kesara Na-Bangchang, Wanna Chaijaroenkul
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Malaria Vector Surveillance in Ganghwa-do, a Malaria-Endemic Area in the Republic of Korea: Oh, Sung Suck , Hur, Myung Je , Joo, Gwang Sig , Kim, Sung Tae , Go, Jong Myoung , Kim, Yong Hee , Lee, Wook Gyo , Shin, E Hyun; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):35-41.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.35

Abstract
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We investigated the seasonality of Anopheles mosquitoes, including its species composition, density, parity, and population densities of mosquitoes infected with the parasite in Ganghwa-do (Island), a vivax malaria endemic area in the Republic of Korea. Mosquitoes were collected periodically with a dry-ice-tent trap and a blacklight trap during the mosquito season (April-October) in 2008. Anopheles sinensis (94.9%) was the most abundant species collected, followed by Anopheles belenrae (3.8%), Anopheles pullus (1.2%), and Anopheles lesteri (0.1%). Hibernating Anopheles mosquitoes were also collected from December 2007 to March 2008. An. pullus (72.1%) was the most frequently collected, followed by An. sinensis (18.4%) and An. belenrae (9.5%). The composition of Anopheles species differed between the mosquito season and hibernation seasons. The parous rate fluctuated from 0% to 92.9%, and the highest rate was recorded on 10 September 2008. Sporozoite infections were detected by PCR in the head and thorax of female Anopheles mosquitoes. The annual sporozoite rate of mosquitoes was 0.11% (2 of 1,845 mosquitoes). The 2 mosquitoes that tested positive for sporozoites were An. sinensis. Malarial infections in anopheline mosquitoes from a population pool were also tried irrespective of the mosquito species. Nine of 2,331 pools of Anopheles mosquitoes were positive. From our study, it can be concluded that An. sinensis, which was the predominant vector species and confirmed as sporozoite-infected, plays an important role in malaria transmission in Ganghwa-do.

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