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Experimental study on the therapeutic effect of praziquente1(Embay 8440) in rats experimentally infected with Clonorchis sinensis
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Original Article
Korean J Parasitol. 1980 Jun;18(1):65-80. English.
Published online Mar 20, 1994.  http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1980.18.1.65
Copyright © 1980 by The Korean Society for Parasitology
Experimental study on the therapeutic effect of praziquente1(Embay 8440) in rats experimentally infected with Clonorchis sinensis
Han Jong Rim,Joung Hwan Ha and Soo Jin Kim
Department of Parasitology and Institute for Tropical Endemic Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract

Experimentally infected rats with 50 metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis each were treated orally with different dosages of praziquantel. About 100 rats were divided into 8 groups in each developmental week after infection (from the first to 8th week after infection) and 24 rats served as untreated controls. In each developmental week after infection, about 15 rats divided into 4groups including control group(3 to 5 rats) were used to determine for the curative activity of praziquantel against C. sinensis. The experimentally infected rats in each developmental weeks after infection received praziquantel 1 × 100 mg/kg × 3 days , 3 × 100 mg/kg × 1 day and 3 × 100 mg/kg × 2 days. The effects of the drug were evaluated by the worm recovery rates, morphological changes of the worms and the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) after treatment. The feces of individual rats were collected once in a week at one week before and 4 weeks after treatment, and the number of Clonorchis eggs were examined by Stoll's egg counting method. The necropsy was performed on 4 weeks after treatment. The liver and the bile ducts were examined immediately after the dissection, and all of the worms recovered from the liver immersed in warm saline solution in a small petri dish in order to observe the motility of individual worms. After that, all worms obtained from the treated and untreated control rats were fixed in 10 percent formalin solution. The whole mount specimens were prepared by Semichon's acetocarmine stain for the study of morphlogical changes. In the treatment with dosage of 1 × 100 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days, relatively low worm recovery rates were shown in the early stages of infection than those of control groups. However there was no differences of the worm recovery rates between the later stages of infection (7 to 8 weeks after infection) and control groups. In the early stages of infection, the worms recovered in the bile ducts of each treated rats showed morphologically intact as normal control groups, however in the later stages of infection the worms showed damage of their reproductive organs such as testes, seminal receptacle and ovary etc. In the treatment with dosage of 3 ×100 mg/kg × 1 day, the recovery rates of the worms in all developmental weeks after infection were considerably low and some growth inhibition of the worms were also noted. The worms recovered from the bile ducts in all developmental stages were seriously damaged in their reproductive organs, such as testes, seminal receptacle, ovary, Mehlis' gland, uterus and vitelline glands etc. The hyaline degenerations were also observed on the parenchymal tissues in the dead worms. The mean EPG values in this group were markedly reduced at the first 2 weeks after treatment. However the low values of EPG were generally noted at the 3rd to 4th week after treatment. On the other hand, in the treatment with dosage of 3 × 100 mg/kg × 2 days, no more the living worms was recovered in all developmental stages of Clonorchis . The dead worms recovered from the bile ducts were so seriously damaged that the morphological changes could not be observed. The mean EPG values in this group were markedly reduced during the first 2 weeks after treatment. At the 3rd week after treatment EPG value became negative in the most of all treated groups. No more the Clonorchis eggs were detected at the 4th week after infection, but only a very small numbers of eggs were found by the concentration method. From the above results, it is obvious that praziquantel exhibits a high degree of activity against Clonorchis sinensis in the rats, with no apparent differences in the efficacy against each developmental stage.

Figures


Fig. 1
Changes in mean number of EPG of C. sinensis in the experimentally infected rats after praziquantel treatment (3×100mg/kg×1 day). ↓: drug medication


Fig. 2
Changes in mean number of EPG of C. sinensis in the experimentally infected rats after praziquantel treatment (3×100mg/kg×2 day). ↓: drug medication


EXPLANATION OF PLATE
1. Normal adult worm of Clonorchis sinensis form rat at 10 weeks after infection. ×10

2. High power view No. 1. Note normal ovary, seminal receptacle and a part of the anterior testis. ×40

3. The adult worm recovered from rat received praziquantel 1×100mg/kg×3 days: treatment begun on the 6th week after infection; 29 days aftr the first day of treatment. Note a slight retardation of the development of the worm. ×10

4. High power view of the adult worm recovered from rat with same condition of No. 3. Note a slight vacuolization or atrophy in the ovary, seminal receptacle and partly anterior testis. ×40

5. The adult worm recovered from rat received praziquantel 3×100mg/kg×1 day; treatment begun on the 6th week after infection; 29 day of treatment. Note the disappearance or destruction of the ovary, seminal receptacle, testes, and vitelline glands, as well as uterus being almost empty. ×10

6. High power view of the adult worm recovered from rat with same condition of No.5. Note the disappearance or destruction of the ovary, seminal receptacle, and partly anterior testis. ×40


Tables


Table 1
Results of treatment with praziquantel for the experimentally infected rats with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (At 1 week after infection)


Table 2
Results of treatment with praziquantel for the experimentally infected rats with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (At 2 week after infection)


Table 3
Results of treatment with praziquantel for the experimentally infected rats with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (At 3 week after infection)


Table 4
Results of treatment with praziquantel for the experimentally infected rats with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (At 4 week after infection)


Table 5
Results of treatment with praziquantel for the experimentally infected rats with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (At 5 week after infection)


Table 6
Results of treatment with praziquantel for the experimentally infected rats with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (At 6 week after infection)


Table 7
Results of treatment with praziquantel for the experimentally infected rats with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (At 7 week after infection)


Table 8
Results of treatment with praziquantel for the experimentally infected rats with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (At 8 week after infection)

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