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Brief Communication

Echinostoma revolutum: Metacercariae in Filopaludina Snails from Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, and Adults from Experimental Hamsters

Jong-Yil Chai1, Woon-Mok Sohn2, Byoung-Kuk Na2, Nguyen Van De3
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2011;49(4):449-455.
Published online: December 16, 2011

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Corresponding author (wmsohn@gnu.ac.kr)
• Received: August 20, 2011   • Revised: September 30, 2011   • Accepted: October 2, 2011

© 2011, Korean Society for Parasitology

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Echinostoma revolutum: Metacercariae in Filopaludina Snails from Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, and Adults from Experimental Hamsters
Korean J Parasitol. 2011;49(4):449-455.   Published online December 16, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.449
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Echinostoma revolutum: Metacercariae in Filopaludina Snails from Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, and Adults from Experimental Hamsters
Korean J Parasitol. 2011;49(4):449-455.   Published online December 16, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.449
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Echinostoma revolutum: Metacercariae in Filopaludina Snails from Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, and Adults from Experimental Hamsters
Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Filopaludina sp. snails purchased from a local market in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam.
Fig. 2 Metacercaria (170 µm in diameter) of E. revolutum from a Filopaludina sp. snail, Nam Dinh, Vietnam.
Fig. 3 Adult worm (7.0×1.1 mm) of E. revolutum experimentally obtained from a hamster at day 14 post-infection.
Fig. 4 Egg (114×72 µm in size) of E. revolutum in the feces of an infected hamster.
Fig. 5 Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) views of E. revolutum adults. Ventral view of a whole worm showing its elongated and leaf-like appearance, with a distinct head collar, and oral and ventral suckers.
Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) views of E. revolutum adults. The tegument around the oral sucker and head collar showing its smooth surface and numerous sensory papillae and the characteristic arrangement of the collar spines, including the 5 corner spines. The tegument posterior to the head collar is covered with scale-like spines.
Fig. 7 Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) views of E. revolutum adults. The lip of the ventral sucker covered by many sensory papillae. An unarmed cirrus is seen protruded from the cirrus sac.

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Fig. 7

Echinostoma revolutum: Metacercariae in Filopaludina Snails from Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, and Adults from Experimental Hamsters
Species Adult worm morphology & egg size Larval morphology (size) 1st intermediate host (snails) 2nd intermediate host (freshwater animals) Definitive hosts Geographic distributiona Reference E. caproni (syn. E. liei, E. togoensis) Two testes confluent/adjacent Cercaria (body): 328×144 μm Biomphalaria Gastropods Birds (chick, duck, pigeon) Africa (Madagascar) [9-11] Body broadest at just posterior to acetabulum Metacercarial cyst: 150 μm (diam.) Tadpoles Bulinus Mammals (mouse, rat, hamster) A ttenuated posterior end Eggs: 117×75 μm E. cinetorchis A bnormal location/disappearance of testes Cercaria (body): 163×109 μm Hippeutis Segmentina Tadpoles Mammals (including man, rat, mouse, dog) Asia (Korea, Japan, China) [1,12] Metacercarial cyst: 139 μm (diam.) Fish Eggs: 99-116 x 65-76 μm Gastropods E. deserticum Parthenogenetic reproduction Cercaria (body): 306×133 μm Bulinus Gastropods Birds Africa (Niger, Algeria) [9,13] Presence of 0, 1, 2 testes Metacercarial cyst: 146 μm (diam.) Mammals Eggs: 58-74×36-46 μm E. echinatum(syn. E. lindoense, E. barbosai, E. robustum) Deeply lobed testes Cercaria (body): 300-460×140-180 μm Anisus Gastropods Birds Europe [14-16] Cirrus sac never extending to middle of acetabulum Biomphalaria Mammals (including man) Asia (Celebes) No. of penetration gland pores: 6 South America (Brazil) Eggs: 92-124×65-76 μm No. of paraesophageal gland pores: 60-64 Metacercarial cyst: 120-130 μm (diam.) E. friedi Cirrus sac extending to anterior margin of acetabulum Cercaria (body): 223-327×118-185 μm Lymnaea, Gastropods Bird Europe (Spain) [9,17] Radix Mammals (mouse) No. of penetration gland pores: 6 Gyraulus, Biomphalaria Testes usually lobated No. of paraesophageal gland pores: 46-50 Eggs: 83-117×54-76 μm Metacercarial cyst: 131-173 μm (diam.) Bulinus E. jurini (syn. E. bol-schewense) Cirrus sac extending to middle portion of acetabulum Cercaria (body): 327-445×159-254 μm Viviparus Gastropods Mammals Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovakia) Asia [9,18] Molluscs No. of penetration gland pores: 6 Frogs Testes smooth or slightly irregular in outline No. of paraesophageal gland pores: 8-10 Eggs: 96-132×72-88 μm Metacercarial cyst: 140-160 μm (diam.) E. luisreyi Smaller oral lateral corner spines and larger aboral lateral corner spines Cercaria (body): 417×181 μm Physa Gastropods Mammals (mouse, hamster) South America (Brazil) [9,10] Metacercarial cyst: 171 μm (diam.) Dorsally situated excretory pore Eggs: 89-113×65-82 μm E. miyagawai Very elongate body Cercaria (body): 312-340×146-203 μm Planorbis Gastropods Birds Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic) [9,14] Large head collar Planorbarius Mammals Small ventral sucker No. of penetration gland pores: 6 Testes indented and subglobular No. of paraesophageal gland pores: 42-46 Anisus Lymnaea Asia (Japan, Korea) Long cirrus sac extending to middle portion of cetabulum Metacercarial cyst: 144-154 μm (diam.) Eggs: 95×60 μm E. paraensei 5-11 of dorsalmost collar spines smaller than others Cercaria (body): 228-275×117-136 μm Biomphalaria Gastropods Mammals (hamster, mouse, rat) South America (Brazil) [9,10,19] Eggs: 104-122×74-86 μm No. of penetration gland pores: 6-8 Physa Paraesophageal glands absent Metacercarial cyst: 132-148 μm (diam.) E. parvocirrus Small cirrus Cercaria (body): 300-410×120-150 μm Biomphalaria Gastropods Birds West Indies (Guadeloupe) [9,20] Eggs: 101-115×55-70 μm No. of penetration gland pores: 6 No. of paraesophageal gland pores: 24 Metacercarial cyst: 130-150 μm (diam.) E. revolutum(syn. E. audyi, E. paraulum, E. ivaniosi) Cirrus sac extending to middle of acetabulum Cercaria (body): 265-315×128-154 μm Lymnaea Gastropods Birds Europe [1,6,9] Bivalves Mammals (including man) Asia Testes smooth or slightly lobated No. of penetration gland pores: 4 Fish North America No. of paraesophageal gland pores: 16-20 Tadpoles Eggs: 88-113×61-74 μm Turtles Metacercarial cyst: 132-152 μm (diam.) E. trivolvis (syn. E. rodriguesi) Body slightly plump Cercaria (body): 300-450×150-250 μm Helisoma Gastropods Birds (pigeon, duck, chicken) North America [9,21] Cirrus sac extending to middle of acetabulum Biomphalaria Mussels South America (Brazil) No. of penetration gland pores: 6 Planarians Mammals (hamster, mouse, rat) Testes smooth, oval, or slightly irregular in outline No. of paraesophageal gland pores: 4-6 Tadpoles Fish Eggs: 90-130×60-70 μm Metacercarial cyst: 135-170 μm (diam.) Amphibians Turtles
Table 1. Characteristic features of the 37-collar-spined Echinostoma belonging to the ‘revolutum’ group

Table 1.

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