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Original Article

Therapeutic Potential of Myrrh and Ivermectin against Experimental Trichinella spiralis Infection in Mice

Maha M.A. Basyoni1, Abdel-Aleem A. El-Sabaa2
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2013;51(3):297-304.
Published online: June 30, 2013

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Corresponding author (drmahaabu@gmail.com)
• Received: February 26, 2013   • Revised: April 20, 2013   • Accepted: April 30, 2013

© 2013, Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Therapeutic Potential of Myrrh and Ivermectin against Experimental Trichinella spiralis Infection in Mice
Korean J Parasitol. 2013;51(3):297-304.   Published online June 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.297
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Therapeutic Potential of Myrrh and Ivermectin against Experimental Trichinella spiralis Infection in Mice
Korean J Parasitol. 2013;51(3):297-304.   Published online June 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.297
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Therapeutic Potential of Myrrh and Ivermectin against Experimental Trichinella spiralis Infection in Mice
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Fig. 1 (A) Hematoxylin-eosin staining of a muscle biopsy from group A , day 15 post-infection, showing multiple depositions of T. spiralis larval cysts (arrows) with mononuclear cell infiltrates surrounding the thickened capsule, areas of coagulative necrosis, and markedly degenerated muscle fibers. (B) Intersected T. spiralis larval cysts (C) within skeletal muscle tissue from group B, 15 days post-infection show degenerated cyst capsules surrounded by multiple cellular infiltrates (I) with replacement of one of the larvae by eosinophilic exudates (E). (C) Encysted T. spiralis larvae, 35 days post-infection surrounded by diffuse inflammatory cellular infiltration, with areas of coagulative necrosis and many of cysts (C) showed marked degenerative changes.

Fig. 1

Therapeutic Potential of Myrrh and Ivermectin against Experimental Trichinella spiralis Infection in Mice
Day 0 (same day of drug administration)
Day 5 PI
Range Mean ± SD Efficacy (%) P Range Mean ± SD Efficacy (%) P A (ivermectin) 0-3 (n = 5) 0.7 ± 0.7 98.5 0.0001a 30-59 (n = 5) 41.0 ± 15.7 80.0 0.001a B (myrrh) 15-60 (n = 5) 39.0 ± 13.7 80.7 70-118 (n = 5) 89.7 ± 18.7 51.5 C (control) 223-241 (n = 10) 232.0 ± 8.3 - 220-244 (n = 10) 230.0 ± 8.1 - Day 15 PI
Day 35 PI
Range Mean ± SD Efficacy (%) P Range Mean ± SD Efficacy (%) P A (ivermectin) 1,077-1,159 (n = 5) 1,119 ± 30 76.5 0.12 2,110-2,600 (n = 5) 2,336 ± 178 54.0 0.086a B (myrrh) 1,030-1,151 (n = 5) 1,091 ± 51 76.6 2,940-3,510 (n = 5) 3,340 ± 332 35.0 C (control) 4,555-5,674 (n = 10) 5,366 ± 666 - 4,589-5,663 (n = 10) 5,466 ± 566 - Day 5 PI
Day 15 PI
Ivermectin Myrrh Control (infected, non-treated) Control (non-infected, non-treated) Ivermectin Myrrh Control (infected, non-treated) Control (non-infected, non-treated) AST (U/ml) 130.2 ± 3.4 144.3 ± 3.0 178.2 ± 4.3 123.2 ± 4.2 176.2 ± 3.2 188.3 ± 3.0 220.8 ± 4.2 122.0 ALT (U/ml) 44.3 ± 4.1 56.6 ± 3.0 58.6 ± 2.2 30.8 ± 1.0 55.4 ± 4.1 60.6 ± 3.1 70.3 ± 2.8 33.7 ± 2.0 Urea (mg/dl) 51.4 ± 2.3 64.6 ± 3.4 67.3 ± 2.7 49.2 ± 2.1 65.3 ± 3.2 70.4 ± 3.6 89.2 ± 4.3 50.0 Creatinine (mg/dl) 2.0 ± 0.1 2.3 ± 0.2 2.6 ± 0.2 1.6 ± 0.1 2.8 ± 0.1 3.0 ± 0.2 3.7 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Total protein (g %) 5.7 ± 0.2 4.2 ± 0.2 3.3 ± 0.3 5.0 ± 0.3 5.6 ± 0.2 4.3 ± 0.1 3.1 ± 0.2 5.0 ± 1.1 Albumin (g %) 3.2 ± 0.2 1.2 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.1 3.5 ± 0.1 3.7 ± 0.2 1.7 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.1 3.8 ± 0.2 Globulin (g %) 3.7 ± 0.1 3.7 ± 0.1 3.6 ± 0.1 3.0 ± 0.1 3.8 ± 0.1 3.9 ± 0.1 3.6 ± 4.6 3.1 ± 0.2 Serum parameters Ivermectin Myrrh Control (infected non-treated) Control (non-infected non-treated) AST (μ/ml) 199.2 ± 355.0 198.4 ± 3.0 201.9 ± 6.2 124.2 ± 3.0 ALT (μ/ml) 71.3 ± 4.1 72.6 ± 3.1 72.3 ± 2.8 33.8 ± 1.1 Urea (mg/dl) 80.1 ± 2.3 83.5 ± 3.4 83.2 ± 4.2 51.1 ± 2.1 Creatinine (mg/dl) 2.9 ± 0.1 2.9 ± 0.2 3.0 ± 0.2 1.8 ± 0.1 Total proteins (g %) 2.8 ± 0.2 2.8 ± 0.2 2.8 ± 0.2 5.4 ± 0.2 Albumin (g %) 1.1 ± 0.2 1.1 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.1 3.2 ± 0.2 Globulins (g %) 4.0 ± 0.1 4.0 ± 0.1 4.0 ± 0.1 2.6 ± 0.1
Table 1. Effects of ivermectin and myrrh on T. spiralis adult worms when administered on the same day (day 0) and on day 5 PI

N, number of living mice.

Statistically significant.

Table 2. Effects of ivermectin and myrrh on T. spiralis larvae in muscles when administered on day 15 and day 35 PI

N, number of living mice.

Statistically significant.

Table 3. Effects of ivermectin and myrrh on the concentrations of serum biochemical parameters on day 5 and day 15 PI
Table 4. Effects of ivermectin and myrrh on serum biochemical parameters on day 35 PI

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

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