Macroorchis spinulosus Ando, 1918 (Digenea: Nanophyetidae) is redescribed based on adult flukes recovered from experimental mice, rats and cats which were fed with metacercariae encysted in the muscle of the crayfish.
Cambaroides similis. A total of 117 adult flukes were harvested from the small intestine of the experimental animals at 5-21 days post-infection. The worm recovery rate was 31-37%, not significantly different among the three kinds of animals. The metacercariae were round, 0.18 mm in average diameter, encysted with two layers of thick walls, and possessing a stylet on the oral sucker and Y-shaped excretory bladder. The adult flukes were oval, 0.66-0.71 mm long and 0.36-0.41 mm wide, and characterized by the presence of a stylet on the oral sucker, variable location of the ovary near the mid- portion of the body, bilobed seminal vesicle, and anterolateral location of two testes.
These morphological features were a little different from the original description, hence, an emended version of M.
spinulosus was given. M. spinulosus is a new intestinal trematode of animals and possibly man in Korea.
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Taxonomic problems of Metagonimus spp. in Korea were investigated. Metacercariae of various freshwater fish species -- Plecoglossus altivelis, Carassius auratus, Zacco platypus, Zacco temmincki, Opsariichthys bidens -- were collected from different localities in Korea and experimentally fed to golden hamsters. Observation of recovered adult worms showed that Plecoglossus altivelis was infected with metacercariae of both M. yokogawai and M.
takahashii. C. auratus was infected with metacercariae of M.
takahashii and Z. platypus, Z. temmincki, O. bidens were infected only with metacercariae of Metagonimus Miyata type.
From the inferences about the morphological characteristics, host specificities and occurrence patterns in infected animals, Metagonimus Miyata type is considered to be an independent group.
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Cysts of Entamoeba histolytica are still found from humans in Korea, but not all of the cysts are known as pathogenic.
The non-pathogenic strain is regarded as a different species, E. dispar. In this study, Korean isolates of conventional E. histolytica were subjected for the differentiation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.
Human stools were screened by routine microscopic examination, and cyst or trophozoite positive stools were inoculated into Robinson media. The cultivated trophozoite positive stools were inoculated into Robinson media. The cultivated trophozoites were prepared for DNA extraction, and the DNAs were used for PCR with common primers of P1 gene. The PCR products were digested with 3 restriction enzymes and RFLP was observed. Also anti- sense primers containing the cleavage site of each restriction enzyme were designed for differentiation only by PCR. The PCR products of Korean isolates S9, S12, YS-6, and YS-27 were spliced by Taq I and Xmn I but not by Acc I, and the isolates S1, S3, S11, S15, S16, S17, S20, YS-17, and YS-44 were spliced by Acc I but not by Taq I and Xmn I. These RFLP pattern correlated well with PCR products by the species specific primers. The findings confirm that the Korean isolates S9, S12, YS-6, and YS-27 are E. histolytica and others are E.
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An experimental study was carried out to observe the effects of radiation on the infectivity of metacercariae of Gymnophalloides seoi to C3H mice. Oysters, the second intermediate host, were collected from an endemic area, and non-irradiated control, metacercaria-irradiation, and oyster-irradiation groups were prepared. One hundred metacercariae were infected orally to each mouse, and worm recovery rate was compared by groups at 7th day post-infection. In the metacercaria-irradiation group, the worm recovery rate was significantly reduced at radiation doses higher than 200 Gy, and the number of intrauterine eggs significantly reduced at doses over 50 Gy. In the oyster-irradiation group, 50 Gy significantly reduced both the worm recovery rate and number of uterine eggs. In the two groups, no worm was recovered at 1,000 Gy irradiation.
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Non-biting midges (Chironomidae, Diptera) are one of the largest insect families, which are distributed worldwidely and are found in nearly all types of inland waters. They are known to be aggressive inhalant allergens which cause allergenic diseases. In this study, the crude antigens of Chironomus flaviplumus adults which are most widely distributed in Korea were extracted, and their allergens were analyzed with the sera from experimentally sensitized mice. The mice were immunized with 1 microg or 10 microg of the crude antigens, respectively, and the specific serum IgE levels were measured by both ELISA and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) techniques. The highest levels of both total IgE and chironomid-specific IgE were found in the mouse sera obtained after 9 weeks of the first injection with 1 mu g crude antigen. The crude antigen was separated into 16-18 protein bands on gel by SDS-PAGE. The crude extract was assessed by SDS- PAGE/immunoblot analysis. One IgE-binding band (65 kDa) was detected by developing with colorimetric substrate, and 4 IgE-binding bands (65, 52, 35 IgE-binding and 25 kDa) by developing with CSPD chemiluminescent substrate. The SDS-PAGE gel of the crude extract of chironomid adults was equally cut into 30 pieces and each of them was eluted to isolate proteins by molecular weight, and the allergenicity of each eluate was assessed by applying P-K test on rats. Proteins of 65, 35 and 15 kDa showed the highest P-K titer (x 512) which was 16 times higher than that of the crude extract (x 32). The P-K titer of 52 kDa protein was also 4 times higher (x 128) than that of the crude extract, whereas the 25 kDa protein poorly responded, which seemed not antigenic. In conclusion, the present result in mice demonstrated that adults of Chironomus flaviplumus, a predominent species in Korea, cause allergenic diseases and the main allergens are 65, 52, 35 and 15 kDa proteins, of which 65 kDa protein seems to be a main allergen.
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This study investigated the enzyme histochemical localization and characteristics of lactate (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) related with the oxidation-reduction metabolism in the sparganum and adult of S. erinacei. By enzyme histochemical assay, activity of LDH was strong in the tegument and subtegumental muscle layers of the adult and sparganum. Activity of MDH was strong in the tegument of the sparganum and subtegumental muscle layers of the adult.
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The third human case of natural infection by Heterophyopsis continua in Korea was found in Chinju, Kyongsangnam-do. The case was a 53-year-old man. He used to eat raw brackish and fresh water fish. After praziquantel treatment and purgation, H. continua were collected from the diarrheal stool together with Metagonimus yokogawai, Heterophyes nocens and Echinostoma hortense. His clinical complaints were indigestion, epigastric discomfort, poor appetite and fatigue. The complaints were considered rather due to heavy M. yokogawai infection.
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