Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Volume 39(3); September 2001

Mini Review

Trematodes of the family Opisthorchiidae: a minireview: Sandie King, Tom?? Scholz; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(3):209-221.
Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.3.209

Abstract
PDF

Examination of the original descriptions of genera placed within the family Opisthorchiidae has revealed that only 33 of the original 43 genera are valid members of this family. Further study of these descriptions should also reveal that many of the subfamilies are also invalid. With reference to the original descriptions of these genera, and subsequent literature, a brief survey of the family has been compiled. Information on the spectrum of definitive hosts that these helminths parasitize is provided, as well as information on the life cycles, geographic distribution, and socioeconomic impacts of the family. More in-depth information is given on those species that are of particular medical importance; namely, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and O. felineus. The final aims of this review are to provide information on the entire genera of the family Opisthorchiidae, which will aid understanding of the phylogenetic relationships not only within the family, but also within the Class Trematoda.

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Original Articles

Epidemiologic characteristics of malaria in non-malarious area, Jeollabuk-do, Korea in 2000: Myung-Bin Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(3):223-226.
Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.3.223

Abstract
PDF

In South Korea, the north border area has been under vivax malaria epidemic since 1993. However, Jeollabuk-do, which is about 300 kms from the border, has not experienced the same epidemic. I investigated a total of 58 notified cases of malaria in Jeollabuk-do in the year 2000. All of the cases had an exposure history in the epidemic area. Among them were 49 ex-soldiers, 3 soldiers who served near the border area and 6 civilians who traveled there. The causal agent of all cases was Plasmodium vivax. Except the civilians, the soldiers and ex-soldiers were aged in their twenty's. In the present study, the incubation period was from 6 to 520 days with a median of 157 days, and the latent onset type (92%) was more prevalent than the early onset type. Illness onset of most cases (86%) peaked during the summer season (June to September) despite of variable incubation periods. The time lag for diagnosis ranged from 2 to 42 days with a median of 11 days. Jeollabuk-do has not been an area of epidemic untill now, but incidences have been increasing annually since 1996. In Jeollabuk-do, early diagnosis and treatment can be a feasible disease control measure to prevent spreading from the epidemic area.

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Estimating Infection Distribution and Prevalence of Malaria in South Korea Using a Back-calculation Formula
Hyun-Gap Jang, Jeong-Soo Park, Mi-Jeong Jun, Jeong-Ae Rhee, Han-Me-Ury Kim
Korean Journal of Applied Statistics.2008; 21(6): 901. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Delayed Diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in the Republic of Korea
Hyeong-Woo Lee ., Hiroshi Nishiura ., Shin-Hyeong Cho ., Wook-Gyo Lee ., Tae-Suk In ., Sung-Ung Moon ., Gyung Tae Chung ., Tong-Soo Kim .
Research Journal of Parasitology.2007; 2(1): 72. CrossRef
Estimates of short- and long-term incubation periods of Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea
Hiroshi Nishiura, Hyeong-Woo Lee, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Wook-Gyo Lee, Tae-Suk In, Sung-Ung Moon, Gyung Tae Chung, Tong-Soo Kim
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2007; 101(4): 338. CrossRef
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Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Takafumi Tsuboi, Gabriela E. Zollner, Jeeraphat Sirichaisinthop, Liwang Cui
Trends in Parasitology.2004; 20(4): 192. CrossRef
Serum cytokine profiles in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria: A comparison between those who presented with and without hepatic dysfunction
Joon-Sup Yeom, Se-Ho Park, Seung-Ho Ryu, Hae-Kyung Park, So-Youn Woo, Eun-Hee Ha, Bo-Eun Lee, Kwon Yoo, Joo-Ho Lee, Kwang-Ho Kim, Sunhil Kim, Young-A Kim, Sun-Young Ahn, Sejoong Oh, Hyung-Joo Park, Gi-Sik Min, Ju-Young Seoh, Jae-Won Park
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2003; 97(6): 687. CrossRef
Incidence patterns of vivax malaria in civilians residing in a high-risk county of Kyonggi-do (Province), Republic of Korea
Jung Ju Moon, Seung-Yull Cho
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(4): 293. CrossRef

6,659 View
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Experimental induction of the two-host life cycle of Sarcocystis cruzi between dogs and Korean native calves: Sung-Hwan Wee, Sung-Shik Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(3):227-232.
Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.3.227

Abstract
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Eight dogs were experimentally infected with Sarcocystis by oral inoculation of cardiac muscle from naturally infected cattle. The infected dogs commenced discharging of sporocysts in the feces after 10 to 12 days of inoculation, and continued until 20 and 35 days after inoculation. Three dogs were reinfected with cardiac muscle from the naturally infected cattle. Sporocysts reappeared in the feces on 12 to 13 days after reinfection. Sarcosystis sporocysts collected from the experimentally infected dogs were fed to each of the two 30-day-old Korean native calves. The infected calves remained clinically normal, except for the high fever (≥ 40℃) and decreased hematocrit values on day 30 to 40 post inoculation. Muscular cysts of Sarcocystis were found from infected calves on day 40 post inoculation. Proliferative forms of Sarcocystis were also observed in the muscle of infected calves. These results suggest that the Sarcocystis cruzi found in Korean native cattle has a 2-host life cycle with dogs as the definitive host and Korean native calves as the intermediate host.

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Tropical Animal Health and Production.2010; 42(6): 1225. CrossRef

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Effects of specific monoclonal antibodies to dense granular proteins on the invasion of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in vivo: Dong Yeob Cha, In Kwan Song, Gye Sung Lee, Ok-Sun Hwang, Hyung-Jun Noh, Seung-Dong Yeo, Dae-Whan Shin, Young-Ha Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(3):233-240.
Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.3.233

Abstract
PDF

Although some reports have been published on the protective effect of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii surface membrane proteins, few address the inhibitory activity of antibodies to dense granular proteins (GRA proteins). Therefore, we performed a series of experiments to evaluate the inhibitory effects of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to GRA proteins (GRA2, 28 kDa; GRA6, 32 kDa) and surface membrane protein (SAG1, 30 kDa) on the invasion of T. gondii tachyzoites. Passive immunization of mice with one of three mAbs following challenge with a lethal dose of tachyzoites significantly increased survival compared with results for mice treated with control ascites. The survival times of mice challenged with tachyzoites pretreated with anti-GRA6 or anti-SAG1 mAb were significantly increased. Mice that received tachyzoites pretreated with both mAb and complement had longer survival times than those that received tachyzoites pretreated with mAb alone. Invasion of tachyzoites into fibroblasts and macrophages was significantly inhibited in the anti-GRA2, anti-GRA6 or anti-SAG1 mAb pretreated group. Pretreatment with mAb and complement inhibited invasion of tachyzoites in both fibroblasts and macrophages. These results suggest that specific antibodies to dense-granule molecules may be useful for controlling infection with T. gondii.

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Determination of antigenic domain in GST fused major surface protein (Nc-p43) of Neospora caninum: Eui-Sun Son, Hye-Jin Ahn, Jae-Hoon Kim, Dae-Yong Kim, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(3):241-246.
Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.3.241

Abstract
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The antigenic domain of the major surface protein (Nc-p43) of Neospora caninum was examined by polymerase chain reaction of its gene fragments and recombinant expression as GST fusion proteins. The fragments of Nc-p43 were as follow: a total open reading frame (OFR), T; OFR without signal sequence and C-terminal hydrophobic sequence, S; N-terminal 2/3 parts of S, A; C-terminal 2/3 parts, P; N-terminal 1/3 part, X; middle 1/3 part, Y; and C-terminal 1/3 part, Z, respectively. The DNA fragments were cloned into pGEX-4T vector. Recombinant plasmids transformed into Escherichia coli of BL21 pLysS (DE3) strain were induced to express GST or GST fused fragments of Nc-p43 such as 69 kDa protein for T, 66 kDa for S, 52 kDa for A, 53 kDa for P, and 40 kDa proteins for X, Y, and Z, respectively in SDS-PAGE. The Nc-p43 fragments of T, S, and P reacted with a bovine serum of neosporosis while those of A, X, Y, and Z together with GST did not in the western blot. These findings suggest that the antigenic domain of Nc-p43 of N. caninum may be localized in the C-terminal 2/3 parts. Together with A19 clone in SAG1 of Toxoplasma gondii (Nam et al., 1996), the P fragment of Nc-p43 could be used as efficient antigens to diagnose and differentiate those infections with both species.

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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2003; 41(3): 175. CrossRef

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Austropeplea ollula (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae): A new molluscan intermediate host of a human intestinal fluke, Echinostoma cinetorchis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in Korea: Pyung-Rim Chung, Younghun Jung, Yun-Kyu Park, Myung-Ki Hwang; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(3):247-253.
Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.3.247

Abstract
PDF

Three freshwater snail species of the family Lymnaeidae have been reported from Korea, Radix auricularia coreana, Austropeplea ollula and Fossaria truncatula. Out of 3 lymnaeid snail species, A. ollula was naturally infected with the Echinostoma cinetorchis cercariae (infection rate = 0.7%). In the experiments with the laboratory-bred snails, F. truncatula as well as A. ollula was also susceptible to the E. cinetorchis miracidia with infection rates of 25% and 40%, respectively. All of three lymnaeid snail species exposed to the E. cinetorchis cercariae were infected with the E. cinetorchis metacercariae. It is evident that A. ollula acts as the first molluscan intermediate host of E. cinetorchis in Korea, and F. truncatula may be a possible candidate for the first intermediate host of this intestinal fluke. Also, three lymnaeid snail species targeted were experimentally infected with E. cinetorchis metacercariae.

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Case Report

Nosocomial submandibular infections with dipterous fly larvae: Chong Yoon Joo, Jong Bae Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(3):255-260.
Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.3.255

Abstract
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In September 1998, a case of nosocomial cutaneous myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) in a 77-year-old male was found. The patient had been receiving partial maxillectomy due to the presence of malignant tumor on premaxilla. This is the first verified case involving Lucilia sericata in Taegu, Korea. In the present paper, the salient morphological features of the third instar larvae involved have been studied.

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Brief Communication

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Trichinella spiralis antibodies and the surveillance of selected pig breeding farms in the Republic of Korea: Sung-Hwan Wee, Chung-Gil Lee, Hoo-Don Joo, Yung-Bai Kang; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(3):261-264.
Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.3.261

Abstract
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Trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis of public health importance. It is caused by Trichinella spiralis which has a wide host range including humans. In the present communication, the ELISA technique was employed on a total of 803 blood samples from 7 selected pig breeding farms in 1996 for diagnosis and surveillance of trichinellosis. Out of the entire 803 samples, nine were found to be suspected while one was positive by ELISA. But western blot analyses employed for further confirmation have shown that all of 10 samples did not react to larval excretory-secretory product antigens. These results indicate that pig breeding farms included in the present study are free from trichinellosis. However, it does not mean Korea is free from trichinellosis since human trichinellosis has recently been reported. The necessity of continued surveillance for trichinellosis in both pigs and wild animals was discussed.

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H.J. Kim, W.S. Jeong, E.M. Kim, S.G. Yeo, D.J. An, H. Yoon, E.J. Kim, C.K. Park
Veterinární medicína.2015; 60(4): 181. CrossRef
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