Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Volume 42(3); September 2004

Mini Review

Pathogenic free-living amoebae in Korea: Ho-Joon Shin, Kyung-il Im; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(3):93-119.
Published online September 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.3.93

Abstract
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Acanthamoeba and Naegleria are widely distributed in fresh water, soil and dust throughout the world, and cause meningoencephalitis or keratoconjunctivitis in humans and other mammals. Korean isolates, namely, Naegleria sp. YM-1 and Acanthamoeba sp. YM-2, YM-3, YM-4, YM-5, YM-6 and YM-7, were collected from sewage, water puddles, a storage reservoir, the gills of a fresh water fish, and by corneal washing. These isolates were categorized into three groups based on the mortalities of infected mice namely, highly virulent (YM-4), moderately virulent (YM-2, YM-5 and YM-7) and nonpathogenic (YM-3). In addition, a new species of Acanthamoeba was isolated from a freshwater fish in Korea and tentatively named Korean isolate YM-4. The morphologic characters of its cysts were similar to those of A. culbertsoni and A. royreba, which were previously designated as Acanthamoeba group III. Based on experimentally infected mouse mortality, Acanthamoeba YM-4 was highly virulent. The isoenzymes profile of Acanthamoeba YM-4 was similar to that of A. royreba. Moreover, an anti-Acanthamoeba YM-4 monoclonal antibody reacted only with Acanthamoeba YM-4, and not with A. culbertsoni. Random amplified polymorphic DNA marker analysis and RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA and of a 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA, placed Acanthamoeba YM-4 in a separate cluster based on phylogenic distances. Thus Acanthamoeba YM-4 was identified as a new species, and assigned Acanthamoeba sohi. Up to the year 2002 in Korea, two clinical cases were found to be infected with Acanthamoeba spp. These patients died of meningoencephalitis. In addition, one case of Acanthamoeba pneumonia with an immunodeficient status was reported and Acanthamoeba was detected in several cases of chronic relapsing corneal ulcer, chronic conjunctivitis, and keratitis.

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The Nf-actin gene is an important factor for food-cup formation and cytotoxicity of pathogenic Naegleria fowleri
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Contact-Independent Cell Death of Human Microglial Cells due to Pathogenic Naegleria fowleri Trophozoites
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Original Articles

Epidemiological survey of Giardia spp. and Blastocystis hominis in an Argentinian rural community: Marta Cecilia Minvielle, Betina Cecilia Pezzani, Mar?a Alejandra Cordoba, Mar?a Marta De Luca, Mar?a Carmen Apezteguia, Juan Angel Basualdo; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(3):121-127.
Published online September 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.3.121

Abstract
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The aim of this study was to relate personal data, socio-cultural and environmental characteristics, and the presence of symptoms/signs with the frequencies of Giardia spp. and Blastocystis hominis among a rural population in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Of the surveyed population (350), 3.7% were infected with only Giardia spp. or 22.9% with B. hominis, and 2.3% were infected with both protozoa. The frequency of infection according to sex; 6.1% of males were infected and 1.6% of females by Giardia spp., 26.7% and 19.5% by B. hominis, and 2.4% and 2.2% by both parasites, respectively. Giardia spp. was detected in only three adults (over 14 years), but B. hominis was more frequent in adults than in children. The prevalences of these protozoa in this community are lower than those reported by other Argentinean studies, which is probably associated with the low density of the studied population (5.95 inhab/km²). Statistical analysis revealed that a male sex, flooding of the home, the use of a latrine, and an abdominal pain were correlated with the presence of these parasites, which indicate the importance of these factors in rural communities.

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Microbial Pathogenesis.2022; 162: 105215. CrossRef
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Sarah Mohamed Abdo, Hosny El-Adawy, Hoda Fahmy Farag, Hend Aly El-Taweel, Heba Elhadad, Ayman Abdel-Moamen El-Badry
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Valeria F. del Coco, Nora B. Molina, Juan A. Basualdo, María A. Córdoba
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Amr Mohamed Mohamed, Mona Abdelfattah Ahmed, Sabah Abdelghany Ahmed, Sherif Ahmed Al-Semany, Saad Saed Alghamdi, Dina Abdulla Zaglool
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Nutritional status in parasitized and nonparasitized children from two districts of buenos aires, Argentina
Alicia B. Orden, María C. Apezteguía, María L. Ciarmela, Nora B. Molina, Betina C. Pezzani, Diana Rosa, Marta C. Minvielle
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First genotyping of Giardia lamblia from human and animal feces in Argentina, South America
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Sequence comparisons of 28S ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I of Metagonimus yokogawai, M. takahashii and M. miyatai: Soo-Ung Lee, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(3):129-135.
Published online September 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.3.129

Abstract
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We compared the DNA sequences of the genus Metagonimus: M. yokogawai, M. takahashii, and M. miyatai. We obtained 28S D1 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) fragments from the adult worms by PCR, that were cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from the nucleotide sequences of the 28S D1 rDNA and mtCOI gene. M. takahashii and M. yokogawai are placed in the same clade supported by DNA sequence and phylogenic tree analysis in 28S D1 rDNA and mtCOI gene region. The above findings tell us that M. takahashii is closer to M. yokogawai than to M. miyatai genetically. This phylogenetic data also support the nomination of M. miyatai as a separate species.

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Brief Communications

Seroprevalence of Toxocara antibodies among patients suspected of ocular toxocariasis in Slovenia: Jernej Logar, Barbara ?oba, Aleksandra Kraut, Branka Stirn-Kranjc; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(3):137-140.
Published online September 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.3.137

Abstract
PDF

Ocular toxocariasis named also ocular larva migrans is caused by larvae of the roundworm Toxocara spp. The purpose of this study was to find out the seroprevalence of Toxocara antibodies in patients suspected of ocular toxocariasis. Between January 2001 and December 2003, sera from 239 ocular patients, aged 3 to 80 years, were examined by ELISA and confirmed by Western blot test. Out of the 239 patients, 172 (72%) were seronegative and 67 (28%) were Toxocara seropositive; 95% CI (22-34%). The median age of Toxocara seropositive patients was 37.6 years. There was no significant difference in the number of Toxocara positive sera between the younger age group (≤14 years) and the older age group (>14 years), p>0.05. A high rate of Toxocara seropositivity in ocular patients should alert the ophthalmologists in Slovenia to include toxocariasis in the differential diagnosis of eye diseases more frequently.

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Immunoblot findings of calcareous corpuscles binding proteins in cyst fluid of Taenia solium metacestodes: Hyun-Jong Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(3):141-143.
Published online September 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.3.141

Abstract
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After collecting calcareous corpuscles from plerocercoid of Spirometra mansoni (sparganum), we evaluated the antigenic values of calcareous corpuscles binding proteins obtained from the cyst fluid of Taenia solium metacestodes. Immunoblot analysis revealed that cysticercosis patient sera strongly recognized 10 and 95 kDa calcareous corpuscles binding proteins. This result demonstrated that calcareous corpuscles are bound with major secretory antigenic proteins, which is possibly involved in the secretory pathways of the 10 and 95 kDa proteins presenting in the cyst fluid of T. solium metacestodes.

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Variation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs in Korean and Chinese isolates of Clonorchis sinensis: Soo-Ung Lee, Sun Huh; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(3):145-148.
Published online September 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.3.145

Abstract
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We compared the DNA sequence difference of isolates of Clonorchis sinensis from one Korean (Kimhae) and two Chinese areas (Guangxi and Shenyang). The sequences of nuclear rDNA (18S, internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2: ITS1 and ITS2) and mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1: cox1) were compared. A very few intraspecific nucleotide substitution of the 18S, ITS1, ITS2 and cox1 was found among three isolates of C. sinensis and a few nucleotide insertion and deletion of ITS1 were detected. The 18S, ITS1, ITS2 and cox1 sequences were highly conserved among three isolates. These findings indicated that the Korean and two Chinese isolates are similar at the DNA sequence level.

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