Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Volume 45(3); September 2007

Original Articles

Nucleolar translocalization of GRA10 of Toxoplasma gondii transfectionally expressed in HeLa cells: Hye-Jin Ahn, Sehra Kim, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):165-174.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.165

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii GRA10 expressed as a GFP-GRA10 fusion protein in HeLa cells moved to the nucleoli within the nucleus rapidly and entirely. GRA10 was concentrated specifically in the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus morphologically by the overlap of GFP-GRA10 transfection image with IFA images by monoclonal antibodies against GRA10 (Tg378), B23 (nucleophosmin) and C23 (nucleolin). The nucleolar translocalization of GRA10 was caused by a putative nucleolar localizing sequence (NoLS) of GRA10. Interaction of GRA10 with TATA-binding protein associated factor 1B (TAF1B) in the yeast two-hybrid technique was confirmed by GST pull-down assay and immunoprecipitation assay. GRA10 and TAF1B were also co-localized in the nucleolus after co-transfection. The nucleolar condensation of GRA10 was affected by actinomycin D. Expressed GFP-GRA10 was evenly distributed over the nucleoplasm and the nucleolar locations remained as hollows in the nucleoplasm under a low dose of actinomycin D. Nucleolar localizing and interacting of GRA10 with TAF1B suggested the participation of GRA10 in rRNA synthesis of host cells to favor the parasitism of T. gondii.

Citations

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Intracellular life of protozoan Toxoplasma gondii: Parasitophorous vacuole establishment and survival strategies
JULIANA A. PORTES, ROSSIANE C. VOMMARO, LUCIO AYRES CALDAS, ERICA S. MARTINS-DUARTE
BIOCELL.2023; 47(4): 929. CrossRef
An in silico pipeline to filter the Toxoplasma gondii proteome for proteins that could traffic to the host cell nucleus and influence host cell epigenetic regulation
Genevieve Syn, Jenefer M Blackwell, Sarra E Jamieson, Richard W Francis
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel dense granule protein NcGRA23 in Neospora caninum
Weirong Wang, Pengtao Gong, Pu Wang, Jingquan Dong, Xiaocen Wang, Zhengtao Yang, Jianhua Li, Xichen Zhang
Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica.2018; 50(7): 727. CrossRef
How pathogens use linear motifs to perturb host cell networks
Allegra Via, Bora Uyar, Christine Brun, Andreas Zanzoni
Trends in Biochemical Sciences.2015; 40(1): 36. CrossRef
GRA 14, a novel dense granule protein from Neospora caninum
Gongzhen Liu, Xia Cui, Pan Hao, Daoyu Yang, Jing Liu, Qun Liu
Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica.2013; 45(7): 607. CrossRef
Nucleolar scaffold protein, WDR46, determines the granular compartmental localization of nucleolin and DDX21
Yuya Hirai, Emilie Louvet, Toshiyuki Oda, Masahiro Kumeta, Yuzo Watanabe, Tsuneyoshi Horigome, Kunio Takeyasu
Genes to Cells.2013; 18(9): 780. CrossRef
A Genome-Wide siRNA Screen to Identify Host Factors Necessary for Growth of the Parasite Toxoplasma gondii
Lindsey A. Moser, Angela M. Pollard, Laura J. Knoll, Mohamed Ali Hakimi
PLoS ONE.2013; 8(6): e68129. CrossRef
GRA Proteins of Toxoplasma gondii: Maintenance of Host-Parasite Interactions across the Parasitophorous Vacuolar Membrane
Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S29. CrossRef
Neurological and behavioral abnormalities, ventricular dilatation, altered cellular functions, inflammation, and neuronal injury in brains of mice due to common, persistent, parasitic infection
Gretchen Hermes, James W Ajioka, Krystyna A Kelly, Ernest Mui, Fiona Roberts, Kristen Kasza, Thomas Mayr, Michael J Kirisits, Robert Wollmann, David JP Ferguson, Craig W Roberts, Jong-Hee Hwang, Toria Trendler, Richard P Kennan, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Catherine
Journal of Neuroinflammation.2008;[Epub] CrossRef

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Role of murine Peyer's patch lymphocytes against primary and challenge infections with Cryptosporidium parvum: Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):175-180.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.175

Abstract
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In order to determine the role of Peyer's patch lymphocytes (PPL) in self-clearing of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in murine models, changes in PPL subsets, their cytokine expression, and in vitro IgG1 and IgA secretions by PPL were observed in primary- and challenge-infected C57BL/6 mice. In primary-infected mice, the percentages of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, sIgA+ B cells, IL-2+ T cells, and IFN-γ+ T cells among the PPL, increased significantly (P < 0.05) on day 10 post-infection (PI). Secretion of IgG1 and IgA in vitro by PPL also increased on day 10 PI. However, all these responses, with the exception of IgG1 and IgA secretions, decreased in challenge-infected mice on day 7 post-challenge (= day 13 PI); their IgG1 and IgA levels were higher (P > 0.05) than those in primary-infected mice. The results suggest that murine PPL play an important role in self-clearing of primary C. parvum infections through proliferation of CD4+, CD8+, IL-2+, and IFN-γ+ T cells, and IgG1 and IgA-secreting B cells. In challenge infections, the role of T cells is reduced whereas that of B cells secreting IgA appeared to be continuously important.

Citations

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CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPECIES AND GIARDIA SPECIES PREVALENCE IN MARINE MAMMAL SPECIES PRESENT IN THE GERMAN NORTH AND BALTIC SEAS
Miguel L. Grilo, L?dia Gomes, Peter Wohlsein, Lu?s Madeira de Carvalho, Ursula Siebert, Kristina Lehnert
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine.2018; 49(4): 1002. CrossRef
Ischemic stroke damages the intestinal mucosa and induces alteration of the intestinal lymphocytes and CCL19 mRNA in rats
Yaning Liu, Shijian Luo, Li Kou, Chaogang Tang, Ruxun Huang, Zhong Pei, Zhendong Li
Neuroscience Letters.2017; 658: 165. CrossRef
Dynamics of gut mucosal and systemic Th1/Th2 cytokine responses in interferon-gamma and interleukin-12p40 knock out mice during primary and challenge Cryptosporidium parvum infection
Tesfaye Sisay Tessema, Bettina Schwamb, Matthias Lochner, Irmgard Förster, Vera Jakobi, Franz Petry
Immunobiology.2009; 214(6): 454. CrossRef

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Molecular phylogeny of parasitic Platyhelminthes based on sequences of partial 28S rDNA D1 and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I: Soo-Ung Lee, Ha-Chung Chun, Sun Huh; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):181-189.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.181

Abstract
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The phylogenic relationships existing among 14 parasitic Platyhelminthes in the Republic of Korea were investigated via the use of the partial 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) D1 region and the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mCOI) DNA sequences. The nucleotide sequences were analyzed by length, G + C %, nucleotide differences and gaps in order to determine the analyzed phylogenic relationships. The phylogenic patterns of the 28S rDNA D1 and mCOI regions were closely related within the same class and order as analyzed by the PAUP 4.0 program, with the exception of a few species. These findings indicate that the 28S rDNA gene sequence is more highly conserved than are the mCOI gene sequences. The 28S rDNA gene may prove useful in studies of the systematics and population genetic structures of parasitic Platyhelminthes.

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In Memoriam

IN MEMORIAM: Professor SHIN-YONG KANG (1946-2007): Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):190-190.
Published online September 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.190

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Original Articles

Larval Gnathostoma hispidum detected in the red banded odd-tooth snake, Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum, from China: Shin-Hyeong Cho, Tong-Soo Kim, Yoon Kong, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):191-198.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.191

Abstract
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A total of 205 larval gnathostomes were collected from 18 (22.5%) of 80 red banded odd-tooth snakes, Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum, which had been smuggled from China and confiscated at Customs in Busan, Republic of Korea. In order to identify the species, some of the larvae were observed by a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The larvae were 2.18 x 0.29 mm in average size, and had a pair of lips at the anterior end, a muscular esophagus, 2 pairs of cervical sacs, and brownish intestines. The head bulb was characteristically equipped with 4 rows of hooklets; the average number of hooklets in each respective row was 38.6, 40.5, 41.5, and 43.7. In SEM views, the mouth evidenced a pair of lateral lips of equal size in a half-moon shape. Each lip featured a couple of labial papillae and a small amphid located between the 2 papillae. The hooklets on the head bulb had single-pointed, posteriorly-curved tips. The cuticular spines were larger and more densely distributed on the anterior part of the body, and decreased gradually in size and number toward the posterior body. On the basis of these morphological characteristics, the larvae were identified as the third stage larvae of Gnathostoma hispidum.

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A case of vocal cord gnathostomiasis diagnosed with sectional morphologies in a histopathological specimen from a Chinese woman living in Korea
Doo Sik Park, Eun Hyun Cho, Kyung Hoon Park, Soo Min Jo, Bumjung Park, Sun Huh
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 298. CrossRef
The occurrence and clinical importance of infectious stage of Echinocephalus (Nematoda: Gnathostomidae) larvae in selected Australian edible fish
Shokoofeh Shamsi, Eleanor Steller, Xiaocheng Zhu
Parasitology International.2021; 83: 102333. CrossRef
Detection of Pentastomida on Crab-Eating Frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) in Surabaya and Sidoarjo Areas
Gilang Maulana Putra, Emmanuel Djoko Poetranto, Fedik Abdul Rantam
Journal of Parasite Science.2020; 4(2): 75. CrossRef
Tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides lineatus in Chinese Snakes and Their Adults Recovered from Experimental Animals
Shin-Hyeong Cho, Tong-Soo Kim, Yoon Kong, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(5): 531. CrossRef
The Jeju Weasel,Mustela sibilica quelpartis, A New Definitive Host forGnathostoma nipponicumYamaguti, 1941
Ho-Choon Woo, Hong-Shik Oh, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(3): 317. CrossRef
Discovery of LarvalGnathostoma nipponicumin Frogs and Snakes from Jeju-do (Province), Republic of Korea
Ho-Choon Woo, Hong-Shik Oh, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
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Precocity of Gnathostoma turgidum in naturally infected four-eyed opossum Philander opossum pallidus from Temascal, Oaxaca, Mexico
Roberto Javier Almeyda-Artigas, Miguel Ángel Mosqueda-Cabrera, Edmundo Sánchez-Núñez
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(4): 285. CrossRef

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Gynaecotyla squatarolae (Digenea: Microphallidae) from rats experimentally infected with metacercariae from the shore crab, Macrophthalmus dilatatus: Min Seo, Sang-Mee Guk, Seung-Ha Lee, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):199-204.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.199

Abstract
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Metacercariae of Gynaecotyla squatarolae (Digenea: Microphallidae) were discovered from the shore crab, Macrophthalmus dilatatus, purchased at a market in a coastal town of Taean-Eup, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea. Their adult flukes were confirmed by experimental infection of rats. The metacercariae of G. squatarolae were elliptical (391.1 x 362.5 ?m), and the excysted metacercariae had progenetic genital organs, including the ovary and testes. To obtain adult flukes, 6 Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 500 metacercariae each, and killed at days 2, 4, and 6 post-infection. The adult flukes were identified as G. squatarolae (Yamaguti, 1934) Yamaguti, 1939, based on morphological characters, including 2 ventral suckers (1 large and 1 small), a large genital atrium equipped with the cirrus and the metraterm, separated male and female genital pores, a transversely long cirrus pouch, and extensive vitelline follicles. In the present study, it has been first proven that the shore crab M. dilatatus is a second intermediate host for G. squatarolae in the Republic of Korea.

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Ok-Sik Chung, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Hye-Jung Lee
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First report of human infection with Gynaecotyla squatarolae and first Korean record of Haplorchis pumilio in a patient
Ok-Sik Chung, Hye-Jung Lee, Yoo-Me Kim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sahng-June Kwak, Min Seo
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Ok-Sik Chung, Hye-Jung Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Seung-Ha Lee, Il-Yong Park, Sang-Ah Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo
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Hye Jung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Jin-Woo Lee, Ho Jin, Kwan-Hong Min, Yong-Jun Cho, Min Seo
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Min Seo, Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(1): 41. CrossRef

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A survey of Heterophyes nocens and Pygidiopsis summa metacercariae in mullets and gobies along the coastal areas of the Republic of Korea: Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Woon-Mok Sohn, Kwang-Sun Hong, Cheong-Ha Yoon, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):205-211.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.205

Abstract
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The infection status of mullets Mugil cephalus (n = 139) and gobies (n = 35) Acanthogobius flavimanus with metacercariae of Heterophyes nocens and Pygidiopsis summa was examined in 11 western, southern, and eastern coastal areas of the Republic of Korea, using a digestion technique. Heterophyid metacercariae were highly prevalent in mullets from western and southern coastal areas; Shinan-gun (100% for H. nocens and 100% for P. summa), Muan-gun (93% and 100%), Buan-gun (42% and 75%), Seocheon-gun (73% and 53%), Ganghwa-gun (47% and 100%), Sacheon-shi (47% and 77%), and Gangjin-gun (50% and 70%, respectively). Only 1 (10%) of 10 mullets from an eastern coastal area, i.e., Donghae-shi, was positive for P. summa metacercariae. Metacercarial densities were the highest in the trunk of mullets for H. nocens and the gill for P. summa. Gobies from Muan-gun were positive for H. nocens (40%) and P. summa metacercariae (40%), and gobies from Seocheon-gun revealed H. nocens metacercariae (20%). The metacercarial density was remarkably higher in mullets than in gobies. The results revealed that H. nocens and P. summa metacercariae are prevalent in mullets and gobies from coastal areas of the Republic of Korea, and the prevalence and intensity of infection vary according to geographical locality.

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High prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections among residents of Savannakhet Province in Laos: Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Taek Han, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Keon-Hoon Lee, Hoo-Gn Jeong, Yong-Sang Ryang, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):213-218.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.213

Abstract
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The prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections was surveyed on residents of Savannakhet Province, Laos. Fecal specimens were collected from a total of 981 residents in 4 Mekong riverside villages and examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The results revealed that the overall helminth egg positive rate was 84.2%, and the positive rate for small trematode eggs, including Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyids, or lecithodendriids, was 67.1%. To obtain adult flukes, 38 small trematode egg positive cases were treated with a 20-30 mg/kg single dose of praziquantel and purged. Diarrheic stools were then collected from 29 people and searched for helminth parasites using stereomicroscopes. Mixed infections with O. viverrini and 6 kinds of intestinal flukes were found, namely, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, Haplorchis yokogawai, Prosthodendrium molenkampi, Phaneropsolus bonnei, and echinostomes. The total number of flukes collected was 7,693 specimens (av. no. per treated person; 265.3). The most common species was O. viverrini, followed by H. taichui, P. molenkampi, echinostomes, H. pumilio, P. bonnei, and H. yokogawai. The results indicate that foodborne liver and intestinal fluke infections are prevalent among residents of Savannakhet Province, Laos.

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Case Report

A case of Diphyllobothrium latum infection with a brief review of diphyllobothriasis in the Republic of Korea: Eun Bin Lee, Jung Hoon Song, Nam Seon Park, Byung Kook Kang, Hyung Suk Lee, Yoon Ju Han, Hyo-Jin Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):219-223.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.219

Abstract
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A case of Diphyllobothrium latum infection in a 49-year old man is described, and diphyllobothriasis latum in the Republic of Korea is briefly reviewed. An incomplete strobila of a tapeworm, 95 cm in length, without scolex and neck, was spontaneously discharged in the feces of a patient. On the basis of morphologic characteristics of the worm and eggs, the worm was identified as D. latum. The patient was successfully treated with a single dose (15 mg/kg) of praziquantel. The most probable source of infection was salmon flesh according to the past history of the patient. The first case of D. latum infection was documented in 1971, and this is the 43rd recorded case in the Republic of Korea. The 43 cases were briefly reviewed. The patients' main complaints were gastrointestinal troubles, such as mild abdominal pain, indigestion, and diarrhea, and discharge of tapeworm segments in the feces. The suspected infection sources included raw or improperly cooked flesh of fresh or brackish water fish, including the perch, mullet, salmon, and trout.

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Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Kyu-Heon Kim, Sun Huh, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(4): 369. CrossRef
Diphyllobothriasis, a rare cause of profuse diarrhea following autologous transplantation
M Detrait, L Poirier, D-C Roy, T Kiss, L Busque, S Cohen, S Lachance, G Sauvageau, J Roy
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Trends in parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea
Eun-Hee Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Hyo-Jin Kim, Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
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Brief Communications

Time gap between oocyst shedding and antibody responses in mice infected with Cryptosporidium parvum: Jae-Ran Yu, Soo-Ung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):225-228.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.225

Abstract
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We observed the time gap between oocyst shedding and antibody responses in mice (3-week-old C57BL/6J females) infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Oocyst shedding was verified by modified acid-fast staining. The individually collected mouse sera were assessed for C. parvum IgM and IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from 5 to 25 weeks after infection. The results showed that C. parvum oocysts were shed from day 5 to 51 post-infection (PI). The IgM antibody titers to C. parvum peaked at week 5 PI, whereas the IgG antibody titers achieved maximum levels at week 25 PI. The results revealed that IgM responses to C. parvum infection occurred during the early stage of infection and overlapped with the oocyst shedding period, whereas IgG responses occurred during the late stage and was not correlated with oocyst shedding. Hence, IgM antibody detection may prove helpful for the diagnosis of acute cryptosporidiosis, and IgG antibody detection may prove effective for the detection of past infection and endemicity.

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Anticryptosporidial action mechanisms of Launaea spinosa extracts in Cryptosporidium parvum experimentally infected mice in relation to its UHPLC-MS metabolite profile and biochemometric tools
Mai M. Elghonemy, Mohamed G. Sharaf El-Din, Dina Aboelsoued, Mohamed F. Abdelhameed, Mohamed A. El-Saied, Nagwa I. Toaleb, Mohamed A. Farag, Abdelsamed I. Elshamy, Abdelbaset M. Elgamal, Horacio Bach
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(3): e0317497. CrossRef
Evaluation of a vaccine candidate isolated from Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst in mice
Dina Aboelsoued, Hend H. A. M. Abdullah, Kadria N. Abdel Megeed, Soad E. Hassan, Nagwa I. Toaleb
Veterinary World.2022; : 2772. CrossRef
Natural killer cell activity irreversibly decreases after Cryptosporidium gastroenteritis in neonatal mice
N. A. Filatova, N. A. Knyazev, S. O. Skarlato, O. V. Anatskaya, A. E. Vinogradov
Parasite Immunology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and evaluation of the first immunochromatographic test that can detect specific antibodies against Cryptosporidium parvum
Ragab M. Fereig, Hanan H. Abdelbaky, Fumiaki Ihara, Yoshifumi Nishikawa
Acta Tropica.2018; 185: 349. CrossRef
Diagnostic biomarkers in murine Cryptosporidiosis: dose- and age-related infection
Hebat-Allah S. Yousof, Mona M. Khater, Shaimaa H. El-Sayed, Ayman A. El-Badry
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2017; 41(3): 831. CrossRef
Experimental infection with Cryptosporidium parvum IIaA21G1R1 subtype in immunosuppressed mice
Valeria F. Del Coco, María A. Córdoba, Alicia Sidoti, Mónica Santín, Ricardo Drut, Juan A. Basualdo
Veterinary Parasitology.2012; 190(3-4): 411. CrossRef

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Metacercarial proteins interacting with WD40-repeat protein of Clonorchis sinensis: Pyo Yun Cho, Tae Im Kim, Shunyu Li, Sung-Jong Hong, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong, Yong Je Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):229-232.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.229

Abstract
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The WD40-repeat proteins serve as a platform coordinating partner proteins and are involved in a range of regulatory cellular functions. A WD40-repeat protein (CsWD1) of Clonorchis sinensis previously cloned is expressed stage-specifically in the tegumental syncytium of C. sinensis metacercariae. In the present study, interacting proteins with the CsWD1 protein was purified by immunoprecipitation and 2 dimension gel electrophoresis from the C. sinensis metacercaria soluble extract, and tryptic peptides were analyzed by LC/ESI-MS. Putative partner proteins were annotated to be actin-2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and hypothetical and unmanned proteins. The CsWD1 protein was predicted to contain 3 conserved actin-interacting residues on its functional surface. With these results, the CsWD1 protein is suggested to be an actin-interacting protein of C. sinensis.

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Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis, an update
Sung-Tae Hong, Yueyi Fang
Parasitology International.2012; 61(1): 17. CrossRef

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Intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis among school children in an urban center and some rural communities in southwest Nigeria: Olufemi Moses Agbolade, Ndubuisi Chinweike Agu, Oluseyi Olusegun Adesanya, Adedayo Olugbenga Odejayi, Aliu Adekunle Adigun, Emmanuel Babatunde Adesanlu, Flourish George Ogunleye, Adetoun Omolayo Sodimu, Stella Ajoke Adeshina, Ganiyat Olusola Bisiriyu, Oluwatosin Ibiyemi Omotoso, Karen Mfon Udia; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):233-238.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.233

Abstract
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Intestinal helminths and schistosomiasis among school children were investigated in an urban and some rural communities of Ogun State, southwest Nigeria. Fecal samples of 1,059 subjects (524 males, 535 females) aged 3-18 years were examined using direct smear and brine concentration methods between June 2005 and November 2006. The pooled prevalence of infection was 66.2%. Ascaris lumbricoides showed the highest prevalence (53.4%) (P < 0.001) followed by hookworms (17.8%), Trichuris trichiura (10.4%), Taenia sp. (9.6%), Schistosoma mansoni (2.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.7%), Schistosoma haematobium (0.6%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%). The prevalences of A. lumbricoides, hookworms, Taenia sp., S. mansoni, and S. stercoralis in the urban centre were similar (P > 0.05) to those in the rural communities. The fertile and infertile egg ratios of A. lumbricoides in the urban centre and the rural communities were 13: 1 and 3.7: 1, respectively. Each helminth had similar prevalences among both genders (P > 0.05). The prevalence of A. lumbricoides increased significantly with age (P < 0.001). The commonest double infections were Ascaris and hookworms, while the commonest triple infections were Ascaris, hookworms, and Trichuris. The study demonstrates the need for urgent intervention programmes against intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis in the study area.

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Eshetu Mekonnen, Nuredin Sadik, Hadi Tehrani
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Validity of MAST-CLA for diagnosis of arthropod allergy using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis: Joon-Soo Park, Hae-Seon Nam, Yong-Bae Kim, Young-Jin Choi, Sang-Han Lee, Sung-Ho Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):239-243.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.239

Abstract
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Many allergists are currently focusing on the development of new diagnostic tools, and are attempting to improve both the sensitivity and specificity. A multiple allergen simultaneous test-chemiluminescent assay (MAST-CLA) is one of the most popular diagnostic tools used in the Republic of Korea. However, there remains controversy among allergists with regard to the cut-off point for a positive result. The present study was conducted in order to determine the validity of MAST-CLA as compared with that of the skin prick test, with particular emphasis on arthropod allergens, on the basis of percentage agreement rates and κ-values, and also to suggest the optimal positive cut-off points using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The study was conducted with 97 subjects (54 men, 43 women). Optimal individual cut-off points were calculated as follows; class II for Dermatophagoides farinae, class I for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and trace for a cockroach mix. These findings suggest that attempting to apply optimal individual cut-off points will be a good way of improving diagnostic tests, particularly MAST-CLA.

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P. Naina, Susmitha Karunasree Perumalla, Richa Gupta, John Antony Jude Prakash
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2022; 40(4): 593. CrossRef
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Jin Kook Kim, Yeo-Min Yoon, Won-Jong Jang, Yeon-Joo Choi, Seok-Chan Hong, Jae Hoon Cho
American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy.2011; 25(4): e156. CrossRef