The distribution and the infestation rates of metacercariae in fishes from the Kum-Ho river were observed from June 1965 to August l967. The results obtained are as follows: The Fourteen kinds of metacercariae; Exorchis oviformis, Metorchis orientalis, Cyathocotyle species, Metacercaria hasegawai, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus species, Pseudexorchis major, Echinochasmus species, Centrocestus species, Prosorhpynchus species, and four kinds of unidentified species, A, B, C and D were detected from 12 kinds of fishes. Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus species, Echinochasmus species, and Centrocestus species of the detected 14 kinds of flukes were noted to be parasited in man; Metorchis orientalis and Cyathocotyle species in avian species; and Exorchis ovifomis and Pseudexorchis major in wels, but the definite host of the other 6 kinds of flukes were not identified. Exorchis oviformis was found in 64.5 percent, of all kinds of fishes, Cyathocotyle species in 36.8 percent of 7 kinds of fishes, Metacercaria hasegawai in 36.3 percent of 8 kinds, Clonorchis sinensis in 95.0 percent of 6 kinds and Metagonimus species in 47.9 percent of 10 kinds. Concerning the infested rates of metacercaria and the length of fishes, Exorchis oviformis and Clonorchis sinensis showed increased rate by the length of fishes but the rest of fishes showed no relationship between them. The infested degree of metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was highest in Pseudorasbora parva with 34.3 parasites per cubic cm of flesh, of Exorchis oviformis in Carassius carassius with 7.3, of Cyathocotyle species in Acheilognathus with 6.0, and of Metacercaria hasegawai in Pseudogobio esocinus with 5.7 but Prosorhpynchus etc. were very few in all kinds of fishes. The infested rates of metacercaria in the four kinds of fishes, Pseudorasbora parva, Pungtungia herzi, Pseudogobio esocinus and Gnathopogon coreanus seemed not to be influenced by season, Spring and Autumn. In the infested rates of metacercariae by parts of fishes, Exorchis oviformis was chiefly infested in scales and fins; Metorchis orientalis, Cyathocotyle species, Clonorchis sinensis, Pseudexorchis major, Centrocestus species and Prosorhpynchus ecinatus were chiefly infested in muscle; Metacercaria hasegawai in muscle and fins; Metagonimus species chiefly in scales; and Echinochasmus chiefly in gills.
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It is well established that guinea pig, rabbit and rat are equally susceptible to experimental infection with the Chinese liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis. However, little work has been done on the studies of the host-parasite relationships between the liver fluke and mouse host. The experiments were undertaken to investigate the susceptibility, development and sexual maturity of Clonorchis sinensis in mouse host. The metacercariae of C.
sinensis used in these experiments were isolated from the fish, Pseudorasbora parva by digestion technic. And in all these studies the mice weighing around 20 g were commercially purchased and infected with the metacercariae under slightly narcotized condition with ether. The animals were starved overnight before infection. The mature metacercariae, e.g. 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 200 were given orally into stomach by means of the polyethylene tubing (intramedic, Clay Adams, Inc.PE-90/S12) respectively to each mouse of groups ranging 4 to l5. After various period of infection, the mouse liver was first opened along the common bile duct and cut into small pieces for collecting and counting the worms. For the histopathological examination of the liver, the tissue specimens were fixed in formalin, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Another experiment was separately set up for the study of egg laying capacity of C. sinensis in mice. The following results were obtained: Mice were successfully infected with metacercariae of C. sinensis in all cases of the groups except the group given 5 and 10 metacercariae, in which the infection was not established in one case of each group. Therefore it is assumed that mice are susceptible to infection with this worm. In an earlier period ot infection, the worms were found mostly in common bile duct and intrahepatic biliary passages with same rate, however in later period, they were seen rather in the intrahepatic biliary passages (73 percent) than in common bile duct and gall bladder. The recovery rate of fully matured adult worms (less than 10 percent) was lower than that of the average recovery rate of the worms in general (22.3 percent). Under same age of infection or even in same host, the size of collected worms showed the great variations. Oral sucker was smaller in size than ventral sucker in the early stage of infection. After 11 days of infection it reversed. The posterior part of body length began to elongate since 5 days after infection, and therefore the ratio of antero-posterior part became l to 3.
Fully matured adult worms were only collected after 30 days of infection. The first positive appearance of eggs in feces was on the 17th and 18th day after infection. However, the egg-laying capacity in mouse host seemed to be stabilized since 30 days after infection. Histopathologically, the cystic dilatation of medium to small biliary passages was noted and focal but diffusely scattered necrosis of the liver cells with scarce inflammatory cells was also observed as well as the hepatocellular degeneration, diffuse vascular congestions and adenomatous proliferationof bile duct.
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Strain variation in the susceptibility and immune response to Clonorchis sinensis infection in mice Md. Hafiz Uddin, Shunyu Li, Young Mee Bae, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong Parasitology International.2012; 61(1): 118. CrossRef
Image analytical observation on the growth and development of Clonorchis sinensis in rats J Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1995; 33(4): 281. CrossRef
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Ultrastructural studies on the integument of digenetic trematodes were investigated by several workers (Senft et al., 1961; Bjorkman and Thorsell, 1964; Burton, l966; Erasmus, l968; Morris and Threadgold, 1967, l968).
Clonorchis sinensis is a common parasite of human beings in the Far East. But as far little has been written on ultrastructure of the integument of this parasite. This study was carried out systematically to elucidate the ultrastructure of the integument of adult C. sinensis, and the results are summarized as follows: The integument of C.
sinensis was organized in two parts; the epidermis and the muscular layer. The apical surface and basal surface of the epidermis were covered with typical plasma membrane and irregularly invaginated from the surface. Plasma membrane at perisuckers was extremely folded and appeared as if the epidermis might be divided with the layer. The syncytial epidermis contained mitochondria and numerous secretory bodies, and which was connected by cytoplasmic processes to nucleated epidermal cells lying in the parenchyma. The mitochondriae, the secretory bodies, the granular endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi bodies and the free ribosomes were present in the perinuclear cytoplasm of epidermal cells, but no organelle was observed in processes of epidermal cell except some secretory bodies. The fibrous layer consists of argentophile fiber and collagenous fiber, in which the circular muscle bundles and longitudinal muscle bundles were embedded. Bundles of muscle fiber are weIl developed at the perisucker, and mitochondriae in this portion contain many cristae as compared with any other parts of C. sinensis.
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agrarius, 33 R. norvegicus, 8 R. alexandrinus, 14 Mus musculus yamashinai, Microtus fortis pellceus, 21 Crocidura russula and a Cricetulus trition nester. The following fifteen species belonging to thirteen genera were identified: NEMATODA: Heterakis spumosa, Syphacia obvelata, Nippostrongylus muris, Protospirura muris, Capillaria hepatica, Capillaria sp., Heligmosomum sp., Heligmosomoides sp., Rictularia sp. and Gongylonema sp. CESTODA: Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta, Raillietina coreensis, Paranoplocephala sp. and Cysticercus fasciolaris(the larva of Taenia taeniaeformis).
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During 1964 to 1967, a survey of 30,534 persons for filariasis was made on all over the country with the following results: Among 24,816 draftees from all over the country in the army recruitment camp 155(0.63 %) were found infected with Brugia malayi. Cheju Do showed the highest microfilaria rate(3.5 %), North Kyongsang Do(1.4 %) the next and South Cholla Do(1.2 %) the third. Blood films from 2,308 inhabitants were examined and 407(17.6 %) showed microfilaria in Cheju Do. 30(3.1 %) out of 974 inhabitants in North Kyongsang Do were found to be infected. The microfilaria rates were 2.0 per cent for 400 inhabitants of Chindo island in South Cholla Do. However, no positive case of microfilaria was found in the inhabitants of Kokumdo among 1,820 persons examined in South Cholla Do and of Namhae island(among 165 persons examined) in South Kyongsang Do. The mean microfilarial density per 20 cu. mm of blood was 52.6 in the inhabitants of Cheju Do, 12.2 in North Kyongsang Do and 27.3 in Chindo island(South Cholla Do). Any distinct relationship between the incidence of positive cases of microfilariae and age or sex of the cases was not observed in Cheju Do. However, in Norh Kyongsang Do and South Cholla Do the microfilaria rate of the male group is higher than the one of the female group of the inhabitants.
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