Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

Previous issues

Volume 36(4); December 1998

Original Articles

Surface ultrastructure of Metagonimus miyatai metacercariae and adults: Jong-Yil Chai, Young-Je Kang, Sung-Yil Choi, Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Ran Yu, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):217-225.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.217

Abstract
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A scanning electron microscopic study was performed to observe surface ultrastructures of excysted metacercariae and adults of Metagonimus miyatai. Metacercariae were collected from the scale of the pale chub (Zacco platypus), and adult flukes were harvested 1-4 weeks after infection to rats. In excysted metacercariae, the oral sucker was devoid of tegumental spines and had type I and type II sensory papillae. Anteriorly to the ventral sucker, spines were dense and digitated into 5-7 points, whereas near the posterior end of the body spines were sparse and digitated into 2-3 points. In one-week adults, 7 type II sensory papillae were arranged around the lip of the oral sucker, and at inner side of the lip one pair of small and two pairs of large type 1 sensory papillae were seen on each side. The distribution of tegumental spines was similar to that of metacercariae, but they were more differentiated with 9-11 pointed tips. In two- to four-week old adults, the surface ultrastructure was nearly the same as in one-week old adults, however, sperms were frequently seen entering into the Laurer's canal. Conclusively, the surface ultrastructure of M. miyatai was generally similar to that of M. yokogawai, however, differentiation of tegumental spines and distribution of sensory papillae around the oral sucker were different between the two species, which may be of taxonomic significance.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Body Surface Ultrastructure as a Main Morphological Criterion for Distinguishing Adult Trematode Metagonimus suifunensis
Polina Shumenko, Yulia Tatonova, Mikhail Shchelkanov
Biology.2024; 13(11): 942. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of the adult and juvenile stages of the trematode Astiotrema impletum (Looss, 1899) Looss 1900 (incertae sedis) from the Nile puffer, Tetraodon lineatus Linnaeus, 1758
S. G. Abd El-Kareem, M. H. Ibraheem
Helminthologia.2021; 58(2): 188. CrossRef
Digenean Holostephanus (Trematoda: Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) metacercariae in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) muscle: zoonotic potential and sensitivity to physico-chemical treatments
D. Sándor, M. Gyöngy, K. Nyeste, I. Czeglédi, C. Székely, K. Buchmann, G. Cech
Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Metagonimus yokogawai Ancient DNA Recovered from 16th- to 17th-Century Korean Mummy Feces of the Joseon Dynasty
Jong Ha Hong, Min Seo, Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Dong Hoon Shin
Journal of Parasitology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Deropristis inflata Molin, 1859 (Digenea: Deropristidae), a parasite of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Osteichthyes: Anguillidae)
Jean-José Filippi, Yann Quilichini, Bernard Marchand
Parasitology Research.2013; 112(2): 517. CrossRef
Topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of Lecithochirium musculus (digenea: Hemiuridae), a parasite of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (osteichthyes: Anguillidae)
Jean‐José Filippi, Yann Quilichini, Joséphine Foata, Bernard Marchand
Journal of Morphology.2012; 273(4): 361. CrossRef
Tegumental Ultrastructure of Adult Gynaecotyla squatarolae (Digenea: Microphallidae)
Do-Seon Lim, Ki-Ju Choi, Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai, Il-Yong Park, Yun-Kyu Park, Min Seo
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(2): 87. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of the plagiorchid trematode Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899 from bagrid fish in Egypt
Mohammed Hasan Ibraheem
Acta Zoologica.2007; 88(2): 173. CrossRef
TAXONOMIC STATUS, REDESCRIPTION, AND SURFACE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ASCOCOTYLE (PHAGICOLA) PINDORAMENSIS N. COMB. (DIGENEA: HETEROPHYIDAE)
Susana Balmant Emerique Simões, Tomáš Scholz, Helene Santos Barbosa, Cláudia Portes Santos
Journal of Parasitology.2006; 92(3): 501. CrossRef
Sequence comparisons of 28S ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I of Metagonimus yokogawai, M. takahashii and M. miyatai
Soo-Ung Lee, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2004; 42(3): 129. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of the adult stage of Acanthotrema felis (Trematoda: Heterophyidae)
Woon-Mok Sohn, Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2003; 41(2): 107. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of Pygidiopsis summa (Digenea: Heterophyidae) adult flukes
Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Yil Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2002; 40(3): 107. CrossRef
Tegumental ultrastructure of Echinoparyphium recurvatum according to developmental stages
Woon-Mok Sohn, Ho-Choon Woo, Sung-Jong Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2002; 40(2): 67. CrossRef
Brachylaima cribbi (Digenea: Brachylaimidae): scanning electron microscopical observations of the life-cycle stages
A.R. Butcher, J.K. Brealey, D.I. Grove, R.B. Dymock
Journal of Helminthology.2002; 76(3): 207. CrossRef
Surface ultrastructure of Metagonimus takahashii metacercariae and adults
Jong-Yil Chai, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Taek Han, Min Seo, Eun-Hee Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Yil Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2000; 38(1): 9. CrossRef
A cytogenetic study on human intestinal trematodes of the genus Metagonimus (Digenea: Heterophyidae) in Korea
Soo-Ung Lee, Sun Huh, Gab-Man Park, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1999; 37(4): 237. CrossRef

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Distribution of actin and tropomyosin in Cryptosporidium muris: Jae-Ran Yu; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):227-234.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.227

Abstract
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Actin and tropomyosin of Cryptosporidium muris were localized by immunogold labeling. Two kinds of antibodies for actin labeling were used. The polyclonal antibody to skeletal muscle (chicken back muscle) actin was labeled on the pellicle and cytoplasmic vacuoles of parasites. The feeder organelle has showed a small amount of polyclonal actin antibody labeling as well. Whereas the monoclonal antibody to smooth muscle (chicken gizzard muscle) actin was chiefly labeled on the filamentous cytoplasm of parasites. The apical portion of host gastric epithelial cell cytoplasm was also labeled by smooth muscle actin together. The polyclonal antibody to tropomyosin was much more labeled at C. muris than host cells, so it could be easily identified even with low magnification (×2,000). The tropomyosin was observed along the pellicle, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and around the nucleus also. The skeletal muscle type actin seems to play a role in various cellular functions with tropomyosin in C. muris; on the other hand, the smooth muscle type actin was located mainly on the filamentous cytoplasm and supported the parasites' firm attachment to host cells. Tropomyosin on the pellicle was thought to be able to stimulate the host as a major antigen through continuous shedding out by the escape of sporozoites or merozoites from their mother cells.

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Hanna Edwards, R.C. Andrew Thompson, Wan H. Koh, Peta L. Clode
Molecular and Cellular Probes.2012; 26(1): 21. CrossRef
Accumulation of tropomyosin isoform 5 at the infection sites of host cells during Cryptosporidium invasion
Steven P. O’Hara, Jim Jung-Ching Lin
Parasitology Research.2006; 99(1): 45. CrossRef
A novel Cryptosporidium parvum antigen, CP2, preferentially associates with membranous structures
Steven P. O’Hara, Jae-Ran Yu, Jim Jung-Ching Lin
Parasitology Research.2004; 92(4): 317. CrossRef
The effect of microfilament inhibitor on the Cryptosporidium infection in vitro
Jae-Ran Yu, Sung-Don Choi
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2000; 38(4): 257. CrossRef

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Periodicity exhibited by Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae identified in dogs of Korea: Jae Ku Rhee, Sam Sung Yang, Hyeon Cheol Kim; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):235-239.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.235

Abstract
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Microfilarial periodicity of Dirofilaria immitis (the dog heartworm) was determined at two hr intervals for 72 consecutive hrs in 10 naturally infected war dogs, 3-9 years old, in Korea to facilitate harvest of the microfilariae for possible use in laboratory works and to elucidate further the periodicity of the microfilaria depending on geographic location. Although the periodicity had been observed as being low-grade nocturnal, maximal microfilarial counts were found at 21:00 hr and minimal at 11:00 hr, giving rise to an evident peak in fluctuation of the larval counts. This is the first record of the periodicity of the microfilariae identified as D. immitis in Korea.

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Angela Monica Ionică, Ioana Adriana Matei, Gianluca D’Amico, Lucia Victoria Bel, Mirabela Oana Dumitrache, David Modrý, Andrei Daniel Mihalca
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Léonore Lovis, Mélanie Grandjean, Laurence Overney, Wolfgang Seewald, Heinz Sager
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Viorica Mircean, Mirabela Oana Dumitrache, Adriana Györke, Nikola Pantchev, Robert Jodies, Andrei Daniel Mihalca, Vasile Cozma
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2012; 12(7): 595. CrossRef
Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs from Dandong, China
Honglie Hou, Guoshun Shen, Wei Wu, Pengtao Gong, Quan Liu, Juan You, Yanan Cai, Jianhua Li, Xichen Zhang
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A. Yildirim, A. Ica, O. Atalay, O. Duzlu, A. Inci
Research in Veterinary Science.2007; 82(3): 358. CrossRef
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Gaston Pichon, Jean-Pierre Treuil
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Current status of vivax malaria among civilians in Korea: Jong-Soo Lee, Weon-Gyu Kho, Hyeong-Woo Lee, Min Seo, Won-Ja Lee; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):241-248.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.241

Abstract
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A result of national malaria surveillance in Korean civilians was described. Since a case of indigenous vivax malaria was detected in 1993, a total of 2,198 cases was confirmed by blood smear up to 1997. Of them, 1,548 cases were soldiers serving in the demilitarized zone (DMZ), while 650 cases were civilians. Number of civilian cases was 3 in 1994, 19 in 1995, 71 in 1996, and 557 in 1997. Of them, 239 were ex-soldiers who discharged after military service in the prevalent areas such as Paju, Yonchon, Kimpo, Kangwha, Tongduchon in Kyonggi-do and Chorwon in Kangwon-do while 308 patients were civilian residents in the prevalent areas. Seventy-two patients, living nationwide, had a history of visiting the prevalent areas during transmission season. Only 32 civilian patients denied any relation with the prevalent areas. As a whole, a half of the civilian cases was diagnosed when living in non-prevalent areas. Male patients in their twenties was the highest in number. Annual parasite index is steadily elevated in residents living in the prevalent areas. Monthly incidence showed an unimodal distribution, forming a peak in August. Ex-soldiers exhibited a delayed incubation ranging from 153 to 452 days (279 ± 41 days). The time required for diagnosis was shortened from 23.6 days in 1995 to 13.7 days in 1997. Although the current epidemic of vivax malaria started as a border malaria, it seems highly probable that vivax malaria is established in the local areas and responsible for at least a part of transmission.

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Control of clonorchiasis by repeated praziquantel treatment and low diagnostic efficacy of sonography: Sung-Tae Hong, Kisung Yoon, Mejeong Lee, Min Seo, Min-Ho Choi, Jung Suk Sim, Byung Ihn Choi, Chong Ku Yun, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):249-254.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.249

Abstract
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In Korea, Clonorchis sinensis infection is still highly prevalent because case detection in the field is difficult and the detected cases used to be incompletely cured due to treatment failure. The present study tried to control clonorchiasis in an endemic village by repeated treatments with praziquantel every 6 months and to evaluate sonography as a diagnostic measure. By stool examinations, the egg positive rate in the endemic village was 22.7%, but it decreased to 19.6% at 6 months, 15.1% at 12 months. 12.2% at 18 months, 6.3% at 24 months, 11.4% at 30 months, and 6.3% at 42 months after the beginning of repeated praziquantel administration. The sonography showed 61 (49.6%) positive cases of 123 screened residents: among egg-positives the sonography positive rate was 52.2% and among egg-negatives it was still 49%. The rate among cured cases was 64.3% after 6 months, 50.0% after 12 months, 50.0% after 18 months, and 66.7% after 24 months. In a non-endemic village, 64 residents were found egg-negative by fecal examination, but 20 (31.3%) of them were positive by sonography. The present findings indicate that control of clonorchiasis in an endemic village by repeated praziquantel treatment for 42 months is still insufficient and sonography is of little value for diagnosis of clonorchiasis.

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Biological and biochemical modulation of Trichomonas vaginalis KT9 isolate after shifting of culture medium from TPS-1 into TYM: Jae-Sook Ryu, Ryung Choi, So-Young Park, Hyun Park, Duk-Young Min; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):255-260.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.255

Abstract
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To evaluate the biological and biochemical characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis KT9 isolate, the growth and size of trichomonads, pathogenicity in mouse, protein profiles and proteinase activity were examined after shifting the medium from TPS-1 into TYM. Generation time of trichomonads in TYM medium was 4.5 hr in comparison to TPS-1 with 7.1 hr. Size of trichomonads cultured in TPS-1 medium (8.5 ± 0.9 × 6.0 ± 0.9 ?m) was significantly smaller than those in TYM medium (10.9 ± 1.4 × 8.2 ± 0.9 ?m). Trichomonads cultured in TYM medium produced subcutaneous abscess in 9 out of 10 mice, whereas those in TPS-1 medium produced abscesses in 2 out of 10 mice. In SDS-PAGE, trichomonad lysates from both media showed ten common bands. However, trichomonads in TYM medium showed additional bands of 136 kDa, 116 kDa and 40 kDa in comparison to those in TPS-1 with 100 kDa. By immunoblot with T. vaginalis-immunized rabbit sera, T. vaginalis cultivated in both TYM and TPS-1 media showed 5 common bands, and unique bands of 116 kDa, 105 kDa, and 86 kDa were observed in trichomonads in TYM while a 140 kDa band in those in TPS-1. In gelatin SDS-PAGE, trichomonads in TYM degraded gelatin stronger than those in TPS-1. Also protease activity of trichomonads in TYM was significantly higher than that of trichomonads in TPS-1 using Bz-Pro-Phe-Arg-Nan as a substrate. According to the results, it is assumed that the shift from TPS-1 into TYM medium for cultivation of T. vaginalis might modulate the biological and biochemical properties of T. vaginalis in vitro.

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Ji-Hae Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu, Mi-Young Lee
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The Dimension of Trichomonas vaginalis as Measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Sang-Hoon Cheon, Seung Ryong Kim, Hyun-Ouk Song, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu
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Growth kinetics, antigen profiling, and proteinase activity of Egyptian Trichomonas tenax isolates derived from patients having oral infections
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Degradations of human immunoglobulins and hemoglobin by a 60 kDa cysteine proteinase of Trichomonas vaginalis: Duk-Young Min, Keun-Hee Hyun, Jae-Sook Ryu, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Myung-Hwan Cho; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):261-268.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.261

Abstract
PDF

The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of cysteine proteinase of Trichomonas vaginalis in escaping from host defense mechanism. A cysteine proteinase of T. vaginalis was purified by affinity chromatography and gel filtration. Optimum pH for the purified proteinase activity was 6.0. The proteinase was inhibited by cysteine and serine proteinase inhibitors such as E-64, NEM, IAA, leupeptin, TPCK and TLCK, and also by Hg²⁺, but not affected by serine-, metallo-, and aspartic proteinase inhibitors such as PMSF, EDTA and pepstatin A. However, it was activated by the cysteine proteinase activator, DTT. The molecular weight of a purified proteinase was 62 kDa on gel filtration and 60 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Interestingly, the purified proteinase was able to degrade serum IgA, secretory IgA, and serum IgG in time- and dose-dependent manners. In addition, the enzyme also degraded hemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the acidic cysteine proteinase of T. vaginalis may play a dual role for parasite survival in conferring escape from host humoral defense by degradation of immunoglobulins, and in supplying nutrients to parasites by degradation of hemoglobin.

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Hilda M. Hernández, Ricardo Marcet, Jorge Sarracent
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Shahed Ardalan, B. Craig Lee, Gary E. Garber
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Antibody reaction of human anti-Toxoplasma gondii positive and negative sera with Neospora caninum antigens: Ho-Woo Nam, Seung-Won Kang, Won-Young Choi; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):269-275.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.269

Abstract
PDF

Anti-Neospora caninum antibody was detected in anti-Toxoplasma gondii positive and negative human sera by ELISA, western blot and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Twelve cases out of 172 (6.7%) Toxoplasma-positive sera cross-reacted with both T. gondii and N. caninum antigens, and one out of 110 Toxoplasma-negative sera reacted with N. caninum antigen by ELISA. By western blot, all 12 sera reacted with T. gondii antigens with various banding patterns but specifically at 30 kDa (SAG1) and 22 kDa (SAG2) bands. With N. caninum antigen, the number of reactive bands was reduced, however a 43 kDa band reacted in three cases in Toxoplasma-positive sera in addition to one in Toxoplasma-negative control sera. All sera of the Toxoplasma-positive group labeled surface membrane of T. gondii, but reacted differently with N. caninum. Fluorescence was detected in surface membrane, subcellular organelles, or both in N. caninum. And one case in the Toxoplasma-negative group also reacted with N. caninum strongly in subcellular organelles. This suggested that the antibody against N. caninum may be present in human sera although the positive rate was very low in this study. The possibility of human infection with N. caninum remains to be evaluated further.

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Brief Communications

Karyotype analysis of Neodiplostomum seoulense: Gab-Man Park, Soo-Ung Lee, Hyun-Young Park, Sun Huh; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):277-279.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.277

Abstract
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A karyotype analysis of the chromosome of Neodiplostomum seoulense, one of causative agents of human intestinal trematodiasis, was done from the gonad tissue by the squashing method. The chromosome number was n = 10 and 2n = 20. Chromosome length was 1.30-4.0 ?m. Chromosome pairs in the complement consisted of two pairs of metacentric, five pairs of submetacentrics/subtelocentric and three pairs of telocentric chromosomes. These data were comparable with those of other intestinal trematodes.

Citations

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Occurrence of a Diploid Type and a New First Intermediate Host of a Human Lung Fluke, Paragonimus westermani, in Korea
Gab Man Park, K.J. Lee, K.I. Im, H. Park, T.S. Yong
Experimental Parasitology.2001; 99(4): 206. CrossRef
Chromosomes of the liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis
Gab-Man Park, Kyung-il Im, Sun Huh, Tai-Soon Yong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2000; 38(3): 201. CrossRef
A cytogenetic study on human intestinal trematodes of the genus Metagonimus (Digenea: Heterophyidae) in Korea
Soo-Ung Lee, Sun Huh, Gab-Man Park, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1999; 37(4): 237. CrossRef

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Verification of immunosuppression in chicks caused by Cryptosporidium baileyi infection using Brucella abortus strain 1119-3: Jae Ku Rhee, Hong Ji Yang, Hyeon Cheol Kim; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):281-284.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.281

Abstract
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Humoral immune response of young chicks to Brucella abortus strain 1119-3 inoculation was monitored to verify the degree of immunosuppression caused by infection with Cryptosporidium baileyi. Young chicks (2-day-old) were orally inoculated each with 2 × 10⁶ oocysts of C. baileyi, and then injected intramuscularly with 0.3 ml B. abortus strain 1119-3 containing 1 × 10⁹ living organisms on day 14 postinoculation (PI). Serum samples were tested by plate agglutination test on day 17 PI onwards at an interval of 3-6 days over a period of 36 days. Infected chicks with the coccidium showed significantly lower antibody titers than those of uninfected controls (P < 0.05). These findings document that C. baileyi infection in early life stage may predispose chicks easily to other potential poultry diseases.

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