Matheus D. Baldissera, Camila B. Oliveira, Carine E. P. Zimmermann, Aline A. Boligon, Margareth Linde Athayde, Leandro P. Bolzan, Rodrigo de A. Vaucher, Janio M. Santurio, Michele R. Sagrillo, Aleksandro Schafer da Silva, Silvia G. Monteiro
Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):311-315. Published online June 26, 2014
The aim of this study was to verify the trypanocidal effectiveness of aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts of Achyrocline satureioides against Trypanosoma evansi in vitro. A. satureioides extracts, known as macela, were used on trypomastigotes at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 ?g/ml) and exposure times (0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 hr). A dose-dependent effect was observed when the 3 extracts were tested. The concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 ?g/ml were not able to kill trypomastigotes until 3 hr after exposure, and the highest concentrations (500 and 1,000 ?g/ml) were able to kill all trypomastigotes after 1 hr. When the time of exposure was increased up to 9 hr, the concentrations at 50 and 100 ?g/ml were 100% effective to 3 extracts. The chemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, a trypanocidal compound already described. Based on the results, we can conclude that the A. satureioides extracts exhibit trypanocidal effects.
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Alexandre Alberto Tonin, Aleksandro Schafer da Silva, Maria Luiza Thorstenberg, L?via Gelain Castilhos, Raqueli Teresinha Fran?a, Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal, Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura Duarte, Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel, Mario Luiz de La Rue, Sonia Terezinha dos Anjos Lopes
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):421-426. Published online August 30, 2013
Several studies have shown the mechanisms and importance of immune responses against Toxoplasma gondii infection and the notable role of cholinesterases in inflammatory reactions. However, the association between those factors has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in blood and lymphocytes and the activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in serum of rats experimentally infected with T. gondii during the acute phase of infection. For that, an in vivo study was performed with evaluations of AChE and BChE activities on days 5 and 10 post-infection (PI). The activity of AChE in blood was increased on day 5 PI, while in lymphocytes its activity was enhanced on days 5 and 10 PI (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between groups regarding to the activity of BChE in serum. A positive (P<0.01) correlation was observed between AChE activity and number of lymphocytes. The role of AChE as an inflammatory marker is well known in different pathologies; thus, our results lead to the hypothesis that AChE has an important role in modulation of early immune responses against T. gondii infection.
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