Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Ectoparasite"

Original Articles

Disease vector occurrence and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019: Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Wen-Ge Dong, Xiao-Bin Huang, Dao-Chao Jin; Parasites Hosts Dis 2023;61(3):272-281.
Published online August 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.22044

Chigger mites are the vector of scrub typhus. This study estimates the infestation status and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019. Chiggers were identified under the microscope, and infestation indices were calculated. The Preston’s log-normal model was used to fit the curve of species abundance distribution. A total of 6,557 chiggers were collected in 136 of 342 N. fulvescens rats, showing high overall infestation indices (prevalence=39.8%, mean abundance=19.2, mean intensity=48.2) and high species diversity (S=100, H’=3.0). Leptotrombidium cangjiangense, Neotrombicula japonica, and Ascoschoengastia sifanga were the three dominant chigger species (constituent ratio=42.9%; 2,736/6,384) and exhibited an aggregated distribution among different rat individuals. We identified 100 chigger species, with 3 of them (Leptotrombidium scutellare, Leptotrombidium wenense, and Leptotrombidium deliense) as the main vectors of scrub typhus in China and nine species as potential vectors of this disease. Disease vector occurrence on N. fulvescens may increase the risk of spreading scrub typhus from rats to humans. Chigger infestation on N. fulvescens varied significantly in different environments. The species abundance distribution showed a log-normal distribution pattern. The estimated number of chigger species on N. fulvescens was 126 species.

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A Report of Chigger Mites on the Striped Field Mouse, Apodemus agrarius, in Southwest China: Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ke-Yu Mao, Xiao-Bin Huang, Ti-Jun Qian; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(6):625-634.
Published online December 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.625

Abstract
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Based on the field investigations in 91 investigation sites (counties) in southwest China between 2001 and 2019, the present paper reported the chigger mites on A. agrarius mice in southwest China for the first time by using a series of statistical methods. From 715 striped field mice captured in 28 of 91 investigated sites, only 255 chiggers were collected, and they were identified as 14 species, 6 genera in 3 subfamilies under 2 families. Of 715 A. agrarius mice, only 24 of them were infested with chigger mites with low overall prevalence (P_M=3.4%), overall mean abundance (M_A=0.36 mites/host) and overall mean intensity (M_I=10.63 mites/host). The species diversity and infestation of chiggers on A. agrarius were much lower than those previously reported on some other rodents in southwest China. On a certain species of rodent, A. agrarius mouse in southwest China seems to have a very low susceptibility to chigger infestations than in other geographical regions. Of 14 chigger species, there were 3 dominant species, Leptotrombidium sialkotense, L. rupestre and Schoengastiella novoconfuciana, which were of aggregated distribution among different individuals of A. agrarius hosts. L. sialkotense, one of 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China, was the first dominant on A. agrarius. The species similarity of chigger mites on male and female hosts was low with C_SS=0.25, and this reflects the sex-bias of different genders of A. agrarius mice in harboring different chigger species.

Citations

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Infestation, community structure, seasonal fluctuation and climate-driven dynamics of mites on small mammals at a focus of scrub typhus in southwest China
Peng-Wu Yin, Yan Lv, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ya-Fei Zhao, Wen-Ge Dong, Dao-Chao Jin
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Distribution and Host-Association of the Vector Chigger Species Leptotrombidium imphalum in Southwest China
Qiao-Yi Liu, Rong Fan, Wen-Yu Song, Pei-Ying Peng, Ya-Fei Zhao, Dao-Chao Jin, Xian-Guo Guo
Insects.2024; 15(7): 504. CrossRef
Clinical and epidemiological investigation of human infection with zoonotic parasite Trypanosoma dionisii in China
Nannan Xu, Xiaoai Zhang, Hui Liu, Yintao Xu, Huixia Lu, Lianhui Zhao, Yishan He, Meiqi Zhang, Jingtao Zhang, Guangqian Si, Ziyi Wang, Muxin Chen, Yuchun Cai, Yi Zhang, Qiang Wang, Yuwan Hao, Yuanyuan Li, Zhengbin Zhou, Yunhai Guo, Caiyun Chang, Ming Liu,
Journal of Infection.2024; 89(5): 106290. CrossRef
A Retrospective Report on the Infestation and Distribution of Chiggers on an Endemic Rodent Species (Apodemus latronum) in Southwest China
Qiao-Yi Liu, Xian-Guo Guo, Rong Fan, Wen-Yu Song, Pei-Ying Peng, Ya-Fei Zhao, Dao-Chao Jin
Veterinary Sciences.2024; 11(11): 547. CrossRef
Disease vector occurrence and ecological characteristics of chiggers on the chestnut white-bellied rat Niviventer fulvescens in Southwest China between 2001 and 2019
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Wen-Ge Dong, Xiao-Bin Huang, Dao-Chao Jin
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 272. CrossRef
Infestation of Oriental House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) with Chigger Mites Varies along Environmental Gradients across Five Provincial Regions of Southwest China
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Fan Ding, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Wen-Yu Song, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Rong Fan, Pei-Ying Peng, Bei Li, Ting Chen, Dao-Chao Jin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(3): 2203. CrossRef
Analysis on infestation and related ecology of chigger mites on large Chinese voles (Eothenomys miletus) in five provincial regions of Southwest China
Bei Li, Xian-Guo Guo, Tian-Guang Ren, Pei-Ying Peng, Wen-Yu Song, Yan Lv, Peng-Wu Yin, Zhe Liu, Xin-Hang Liu, Ti-Jun Qian
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2022; 19: 169. CrossRef
Infestation and distribution of chigger mites on Confucian white-bellied rat (Niviventer confucianus) in Southwest China
Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Wen-Yu Song, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Wen-Ge Dong, Xiao-Bin Huang
Biologia.2022; 78(3): 727. CrossRef

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Identification of Trombiculid Chigger Mites Collected on Rodents from Southern Vietnam and Molecular Detection of Rickettsiaceae Pathogen: Minh Doan Binh, Sinh Cao Truong, Dong Le Thanh, Loi Cao Ba, Nam Le Van, Binh Do Nhu; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):445-450.
Published online August 25, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.445

Abstract
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Trombiculid “chigger” mites (Acari) are ectoparasites that feed blood on rodents and another animals. A crosssectional survey was conducted in 7 ecosystems of southern Vietnam from 2015 to 2016. Chigger mites were identified with morphological characteristics and assayed by polymerase chain reaction for detection of rickettsiaceae. Overall chigger infestation among rodents was 23.38%. The chigger index among infested rodents was 19.37 and a mean abundance of 4.61. A total of 2,770 chigger mites were identified belonging to 6 species, 3 genera, and 1 family, and pooled into 141 pools (10-20 chiggers per pool). Two pools (1.4%) of the chiggers were positive for Orientia tsutsugamushi. Ricketsia spp. was not detected in any pools of chiggers. Further studies are needed including a larger number and diverse hosts, and environmental factors to assess scrub typhus.

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A review on trombiculiasis: An underreported parasitosis that affects humans and animals, including world distribution, clinical findings, associated pathogens, prophylaxis and identification methods
Isabella Pereira Pesenato, Ricardo Bassini-Silva, Fernando de Castro Jacinavicius
Acta Tropica.2024; 260: 107420. CrossRef
Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Novel Trombiculid Mite Species in Northern Tamil Nadu, India: Use of Targeting the Multicopy traD Gene
John Antony Jude Prakash, Kannan Kamarasu, P Philip Samuel, Renu Govindarajan, Punitha Govindasamy, Liji Anna Johnson, P Ramalingam, J Nirmalson, K C Seran, Kevin Macaluso
Journal of Medical Entomology.2022; 59(2): 693. CrossRef
Mapping the distributions of blood-sucking mites and mite-borne agents in China: a modeling study
Tao Wang, Fanfei Meng, Tianle Che, Jinjin Chen, Haiyang Zhang, Yang Ji, Zhengwei Fan, Guoping Zhao, Wenhui Zhang, Baogui Jiang, Qiang Xu, Chenlong Lv, Taoxing Shi, Shiman Ruan, Lanzheng Liu, Wei Liu, Yang Yang, Liqun Fang
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Not Only Leptotrombidium spp. an Annotated Checklist of Chigger Mites (Actinotrichida: Trombiculidae) Associated with Bacterial Pathogens
Hanna Moniuszko, Konrad Wojnarowski, Paulina Cholewińska
Pathogens.2022; 11(10): 1084. CrossRef
International Rickettsia Disease Surveillance: An Example of Cooperative Research to Increase Laboratory Capability and Capacity for Risk Assessment of Rickettsial Outbreaks Worldwide
Ju Jiang, Christina M. Farris, Kenneth B. Yeh, Allen L. Richards
Frontiers in Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A dataset of distribution and diversity of blood-sucking mites in China
Fan-Fei Meng, Qiang Xu, Jin-Jin Chen, Yang Ji, Wen-Hui Zhang, Zheng-Wei Fan, Guo-Ping Zhao, Bao-Gui Jiang, Tao-Xing Shi, Li-Qun Fang, Wei Liu
Scientific Data.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Survey of Flea Infestation in Dogs in Different Geographical Regions of Iran: Mosa Tavassoli, Amir Ahmadi, Abbas Imani, Emad Ahmadiara, Shahram Javadi, Mojtaba Hadian; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(2):145-149.
Published online June 17, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.145

Abstract
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Medically important arthropods, including fleas, play an important role in causing clinical disorders and disease in man and domestic animals. This study was conducted to determine the seasonal flea infestations for domestic dogs from different geographic regions of Iran. A total of 407 fleas, belonging to 5 different species, were recovered from 83 domestic dogs from 3 regions. There was a distinctive pattern of species distribution and infestations with the highest infestation rates observed in a temperate climate and higher rainfall. Additionally, fleas were observed over all seasons, except February and March, with the highest infestation rate observed in August (24.7%) and the lowest rate in January (1.7%). They also parasitize dogs with a different spectrum of species. The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (67.5%), exhibited the highest prevalence among all flea species found on dogs. Thus, climatic conditions and seasonal patterns impact on flea infestation and must be considered in developing control programs.

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Molecular Identification, Multigenic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Ctenocephalides Canis Fleas from Humans and Domestic Animals in Iran
Shahin Seidi, Mousa Tavassoli, Farnaz Malekifard, Mourad Ben Said
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Lisa D. Brown, Ryne Maness, Kania Greer
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2022; 32: 100743. CrossRef
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Mehmet ACIÖZ, Mehmet Fatih AYDIN
Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi.2020; 31(1): 70. CrossRef
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A‐R. Cooper, E. Nixon, H. Rose Vineer, S. Abdullah, H. Newbury, R. Wall
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V. Yevstafieva, K. Horb, V. Melnychuk, T. Bakhur, D. Feshchenko
Folia Veterinaria.2020; 64(3): 47. CrossRef
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Bersissa Kumsa, Yonas Abiy, Fufa Abunna
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Zuhal Onder, Arif Ciloglu, Onder Duzlu, Alparslan Yildirim, Mubeccel Okur, Gamze Yetismis, Abdullah Inci
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Mohammad Bagher Ghavami, Habibeh Mirzadeh, Jamshid Mohammadi, Asghar Fazaeli
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S. J. Seyyed‐Zadeh, F. Bozorg‐Omid, Z. Telmadarraiy, O. Terenius, A. R. Chavshin
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Jaber Belkhiria, Bruno B. Chomel, Taoufik Ben Hamida, Rickie W. Kasten, Matthew J. Stuckey, Drew A. Fleischman, Mary M. Christopher, Henri-Jean Boulouis, Thomas B. Farver
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Saba Zouari, Fatma Khrouf, Youmna M’ghirbi, Ali Bouattour
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Michael Rust
Insects.2017; 8(4): 118. CrossRef
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Vicente Homero González-Álvarez, Isabel G. Fernández de Mera, Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz, José de la Fuente, Aldo I. Ortega-Morales, Consuelo Almazán
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2017; 10: 143. CrossRef
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S. SOFER, R. GUTIÉRREZ, D. MORICK, K. Y. MUMCUOGLU, S. HARRUS
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Patrick Hensel, Domenico Santoro, Claude Favrot, Peter Hill, Craig Griffin
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Philippe Parola, Didier Raoult, Bersissa Kumsa, Cristina Socolovschi
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Shahram Jamshidi, Nadi Maazi, Shahrokh Ranjbar-Bahadori, Mahdiyeh Rezaei, Pedram Morakabsaz, Morteza Hosseininejad
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária.2012; 21(3): 326. CrossRef
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Gerhard Dobler, Martin Pfeffer
Parasites & Vectors.2011;[Epub] CrossRef

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A Survey of Ectoparasite Infestations in Stray Dogs of Gwang-ju City, Republic of Korea: Jeong-Hyun Chee, Jung-Kee Kwon, Ho-Seong Cho, Kyoung-Oh Cho, Yu-Jin Lee, A. M. Abd El-Aty, Sung-Shik Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(1):23-27.
Published online March 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.1.23

Abstract
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This study was designed to investigate the incidence of ectoparasite infestation among stray dogs in Gwang-ju City, Republic of Korea. A total of 103 stray dogs collected in the Animal Shelter of Gwang-ju City from November 2003 to August 2005 were investigated in this study. Ectoparasites of one or more genera were detected in 45.6% (47 / 103) of the dogs examined for dermatologic lesions and/or skin scrapings (from 3-5 affected areas). Otodectes cynotis was found to be the most frequent parasite (22.%, 23 / 103), followed by Sarcoptes scabiei var canis (19.4%, 20 / 103), Ctenocephalides canis (6.8%, 7 / 103), Demodex canis (4.9%, 5 / 103), and Trichodectes canis (1.0%, 1 / 103). Monospecific infestation was found in 83.0% (39 / 47) of the affected dogs, whereas concurrent infestations with 2 or more ectoparasites per animal were found in 17.0% (8 / 47) of the affected dogs. Trichodectes canis is reported for the first time in the Republic of Korea. Dogs less than 1 yr old were more heavily infected than other age groups (66.7%), and small-sized dogs of less than 3 kg body weight were more heavily infected than larger dogs (41.7%).

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Saleh Mohammed Jajere, Jallailudeen Rabana Lawal, Aminu Shittu, Ibrahim Waziri, Mohammed Dauda Goni, Folorunso Oludayo Fasina
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