Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Eun-Taek Han"

Original Article

Performance Evaluation of Biozentech Malaria Scanner in Plasmodium knowlesi and P. falciparum as a New Diagnostic Tool: Egy Rahman Firdaus, Ji-Hoon Park, Fauzi Muh, Seong-Kyun Lee, Jin-Hee Han, Chae-Seung Lim, Sung-Hun Na, Won Sun Park, Jeong-Hyun Park, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(2):113-119.
Published online April 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.113

Abstract
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The computer vision diagnostic approach currently generates several malaria diagnostic tools. It enhances the accessible and straightforward diagnostics that necessary for clinics and health centers in malaria-endemic areas. A new computer malaria diagnostics tool called the malaria scanner was used to investigate living malaria parasites with easy sample preparation, fast and user-friendly. The cultured Plasmodium parasites were used to confirm the sensitivity of this technique then compared to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and light microscopic examination. The measured percentage of parasitemia by the malaria scanner revealed higher precision than microscopy and was similar to FACS. The coefficients of variation of this technique were 1.2-6.7% for Plasmodium knowlesi and 0.3-4.8% for P. falciparum. It allowed determining parasitemia levels of 0.1% or higher, with coefficient of variation smaller than 10%. In terms of the precision range of parasitemia, both high and low ranges showed similar precision results. Pearson’s correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation data coming from all methods. A strong correlation of measured parasitemia (r²=0.99, P<0.05) was observed between each method. The parasitemia analysis using this new diagnostic tool needs technical improvement, particularly in the differentiation of malaria species.

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In-depth biological analysis of alteration in Plasmodium knowlesi-infected red blood cells using a noninvasive optical imaging technique
Moh Egy Rahman Firdaus, Fauzi Muh, Ji-Hoon Park, Seong-Kyun Lee, Sung-Hun Na, Won-Sun Park, Kwon-Soo Ha, Jin-Hee Han, Eun-Taek Han
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Parvatrema duboisi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) Life Cycle Stages in Manila Clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, from Aphae-do (Island), Shinan-gun, Korea: Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Jeonggyu Lee, Hyemi Song, Jaeeun Cho, Deok-Gyu Kim, Hojong Jun, Min-Jae Kim, Eun Jeong Won, Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(1):83-88.
Published online February 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.83

Abstract
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Life cycle stages, including daughter sporocysts, cercariae, and metacercariae, of Parvatrema duboisi (Dollfus, 1923) Bartoli, 1974 (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) have been found in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum from Aphaedo (Island), Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. The daughter sporocysts were elongated sac-like and 307-570 (av. 395) μm long and 101-213 (av. 157) μm wide. Most of the daughter sporocysts contained 15-20 furcocercous cercariae each. The cercariae measured 112-146 (av. 134) μm in total length and 35-46 (av. 40) μm in width, with 69-92 (av. 85) μm long body and 39-54 (av. 49) μm long tail. The metacercariae were 210-250 (av. 231) μm in length and 170-195 (av. 185) μm in width, and characterized by having a large oral sucker, genital pore some distance anterior to the ventral sucker, no ventral pit, and 1 compact or slightly lobed vitellarium, strongly suggesting P. duboisi. The metacercariae were experimentally infected to ICR mice, and adults were recovered at day 7 post-infection. The adult flukes were morphologically similar to the metacercariae except in the presence of up to 20 eggs in the uterus. The daughter sporocysts and metacercariae were molecularly (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2) analyzed to confirm the species, and the results showed 99.8-99.9% identity with P. duboisi reported from Kyushu, Japan and Gochang, Korea. These results confirmed the presence of various life cycle stages of P. duboisi in the Manila clam, R. philippinarum, playing the role of the first as well as the second intermediate host, on Aphae-do (Island), Shinan-gun, Korea.

Citations

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Spatial patterns of trematode-induced pits on bivalve skeletons: Challenges and prospects for research on parasite-host dynamics
Alexis Rojas, John Warren Huntley, Monica Caffara, Daniele Scarponi
The Holocene.2025; 35(12): 1259. CrossRef
Pearl formation associated with gymnophallid metacercariae in Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Northwestern Adriatic coast: Preliminary observations
Erica Marchiori, Francesco Quaglio, Giovanni Franzo, Ginevra Brocca, Sonja Aleksi, Pietrogiovanni Cerchier, Rudi Cassini, Federica Marcer
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.2023; 196: 107854. CrossRef
Molecular phylogeny, distribution, and pathogenicity of a novel thraustochytrid protist in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, on the west and south coasts of Korea
Biyun Zhao, Seung-Hyeon Kim, Dae-Woong Koh, S.D.N.K. Bathige, Kwang-Sik Choi, Kyung-Il Park
Aquaculture.2023; 575: 739779. CrossRef
Biotic and abiotic drivers affect parasite richness, prevalence and abundance inMytilus galloprovincialisalong the Northern Adriatic Sea
C. Bommarito, M. Wahl, D.W. Thieltges, C. Pansch, M. Zucchetta, F. Pranovi
Parasitology.2022; 149(1): 15. CrossRef
Effects of larval trematode parasitism on the reproductive capacity of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in a sandy-mud tidal flat on the west coast of Korea
Young-Ghan Cho, Hye-Mi Lee, Jeong-Hwa Kim, Jong-Seop Shin, Hee-Do Jeung, Kwang-Sik Choi
Frontiers in Marine Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Negative Impacts of Perkinsus olseni Infection in Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum Observed from Tidal Flats in Anmyeondo Island on the West Coast of Korea During Post-Spawning Period
Hye-Mi Lee, Kyung-Il Park, Hyun-Sung Yang, Kwang-Sik Choi
Ocean Science Journal.2021; 56(3): 307. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Surveillance on the Vivax Malaria in Endemic Areas in the Republic of Korea Based on Molecular and Serological Analyses: Seong-Kyun Lee, Fengyue Hu, Egy Rahman Firdaus, Ji-Hoon Park, Jin-Hee Han, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyun-Il Shin, Shin Hyeong Cho, Won Sun Park, Feng Lu, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(6):609-617.
Published online December 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.609

Abstract
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Plasmodium vivax reemerged in 1993. It has been sustained for more than 25 years and become one of the important indigenous parasitic diseases in northern and western parts of the Republic of Korea near the demilitarized zone. In particular, relapse is a significant concern for the control of malaria, as short- and long-term incubation periods vary among those infected in Korea. In this study, the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers was examined among residents of high endemic areas of vivax malaria during nonseasonal transmission of mosquitoes. Blood samples from 3 endemic regions in northwestern Korea were evaluated by microscopic examination, rapid diagnostic testing, and nested PCR to identify asymptomatic patients carrying malaria parasites in the community. However, no positive malaria case among residents of endemic areas was detected. Additionally, serological analysis was carried out to measure antibodies against 3 antigenic recombinant proteins of P. vivax, merozoite surface protein 1-19, circumsporozoite surface protein-VK210, and liver-stage antigen (PvLSA-N), by the protein array method. Interestingly, seropositivity of sera between previous exposure and samples without exposure to malaria was significantly higher using the PvLSA-N antigen than the other antigens, suggesting that PvLSA-N can be used as a serological marker to analyze the degree of exposure for malaria transmission in endemic areas. This indicates a very low asymptomatic carrier prevalence during the nonmalaria season in the endemic areas of Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A region-structured model for early warning of Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission risk in the Republic of Korea
Boyeon Kim, Jung Ho Kim, Jeehyun Lee, Joon-Sup Yeom
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2025; 18(3): 102665. CrossRef
Development of a Plasmodium vivax malaria model for evaluating the effects of control strategies on the malaria burden in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Hye Seong, Jiyeon Suh, Jun Yong Choi, Jeehyun Lee, Joon-Sup Yeom
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Using Serological Markers for the Surveillance of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Scoping Review
Lejla Kartal, Ivo Mueller, Rhea J. Longley
Pathogens.2023; 12(6): 791. CrossRef
Recent Spatial and Temporal Trends of Malaria in Korea
Yeong Hoon Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Dongjae Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 585. CrossRef

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Development of Monoclonal Antibodies for Diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax: Nguyen Thi Phuong Linh, Hyun Park, Jinyoung Lee, Dong-Xu Liu, Ga-Eun Seo, Hae-Jin Sohn, Jin-Hee Han, Eun-Taek Han, Ho-Joon Shin, Seon-Ju Yeo; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(6):623-630.
Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.6.623

Abstract
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Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) is a strong target antigen for the determination of infection with Plasmodium species specifically. However, a more effective antibody is needed because of the low sensitivity of the current antibody in many immunological diagnostic assays. In this study, recombinant Plasmodium vivax LDH (PvLDH) was experimentally constructed and expressed as a native antigen to develop an effective P. vivax-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). Two mAbs (2CF5 and 1G10) were tested using ELISA and immunofluorescence assays (IFA), as both demonstrated reactivity against pLDH antigen. Of the 2 antibodies, 2CF5 was not able to detect P. falciparum, suggesting that it might possess P. vivax-specificity. The detection limit for a pair of 2 mAbs-linked sandwich ELISA was 31.3 ng/ml of the recombinant antigen. The P. vivax-specific performance of mAbs-linked ELISA was confirmed by in vitro-cultured P. falciparum and P. vivax-infected patient blood samples. In conclusion, the 2 new antibodies possessed the potential to detect P. vivax and will be useful in immunoassay.

Citations

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Diagnostic Methods for Non-Falciparum Malaria
Alba Marina Gimenez, Rodolfo F. Marques, Matías Regiart, Daniel Youssef Bargieri
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia and Band Sensitivity of the SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan Rapid Diagnostic Test in Madagascar
Rajeev K. Mehlotra, Rosalind E. Howes, Estee Y. Cramer, Riley E. Tedrow, Tovonahary A. Rakotomanga, Stéphanie Ramboarina, Arsène C. Ratsimbasoa, Peter A. Zimmerman
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2019; 100(5): 1196. CrossRef

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Characterization of Caveola-Vesicle Complexes (CVCs) Protein, PHIST/CVC-81₉₅ in Plasmodium vivax: Bo Wang, Feng Lu, Jin-Hee Han, Seong-Kyun Lee, Yang Cheng, Myat Htut Nyunt, Kwon-Soo Ha, Seok-Ho Hong, Won Sun Park, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(6):725-732.
Published online December 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.6.725

Abstract
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Plasmodium vivax produces numerous caveola-vesicle complex (CVC) structures beneath the membrane of infected erythrocytes. Recently, a member helical interspersed subtelomeric (PHIST) superfamily protein, PcyPHIST/CVC-8195, was identified as CVCs-associated protein in Plasmodium cynomolgi and essential for survival of this parasite. Very little information has been documented to date about PHIST/CVC-81₉₅ protein in P. vivax. In this study, the recombinant PvPHIST/CVC-81₉₅ N and C termini were expressed, and immunoreactivity was assessed using confirmed vivax malaria patients sera by protein microarray. The subcellular localization of PvPHIST/CVC-81₉₅ N and C termini in blood stage parasites was also determined. The antigenicity of recombinant PvPHIST/CVC-81₉₅ N and C terminal proteins were analyzed by using serum samples from the Republic of Korea. The results showed that immunoreactivities to these proteins had 61% and 43% sensitivity and 96.9% and 93.8% specificity, respectively. The N terminal of PvPHIST/CVC-81₉₅ which contains transmembrane domain and export motif (PEXEL; RxLxE/Q/D) produced CVCs location throughout the erythrocytic-stage parasites. However, no fluorescence was detected with antibodies against C terminal fragment of PvPHIST/CVC-81₉₅. These results suggest that the PvPHIST/CVC-81₉₅ is localized on the CVCs and may be immunogenic in natural infection of P. vivax.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A novel micronemal protein MP38 is involved in the invasion of merozoites into erythrocytes
Tuyet-Kha Nguyen, Sy-Thau Nguyen, Van-Truong Nguyen, Sung-Hun Na, Robert W. Moon, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Yee Ling Lau, Won-Sun Park, Wan-Joo Chun, Feng Lu, Seong-Kyun Lee, Jin-Hee Han, Eun-Taek Han, L. David Sibley, Niraj Harish Tolia
mBio.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Caveola-vesicle complexes of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium cynomolgi: large-scale aggregation and structure of PHIST-positive vesicles in late schizont-infected red blood cells
Lawrence H. Bannister, Anton R. Dluzewski, Esmeralda V. S. Meyer, Stacey A. Lapp, Mary R. Galinski
Malaria Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of a non-exported Plasmepsin V substrate that functions in the parasitophorous vacuole of malaria parasites
Aline Fréville, Margarida Ressurreição, Christiaan van Ooij, John C. Boothroyd
mBio.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Novel secretory organelles of parasite origin ‐ at the center of host‐parasite interaction
Viktor Bekić, Nicole Kilian
BioEssays.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative spatial proteomics of Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes
Anthony Siau, Jing Wen Ang, Omar Sheriff, Regina Hoo, Han Ping Loh, Donald Tay, Ximei Huang, Xue Yan Yam, Soak Kuan Lai, Wei Meng, Irene Julca, Sze Siu Kwan, Marek Mutwil, Peter R. Preiser
Cell Reports.2023; 42(11): 113419. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of Plasmodium falciparum PHISTb proteins as potential targets of naturally-acquired immunity against malaria
Tony I. Isebe, Joel L. Bargul, Bonface M. Gichuki, James M. Njunge, James Tuju, Martin K. Rono
Wellcome Open Research.2021; 5: 136. CrossRef
Familial Hyperckemia and Calf Hypertrophy Secondary to a Caveolin-3 Mutation
Eduardo Otero-Loperena, Ana Ortiz-Santiago, Edwardo Ramos
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2021; 100(7): e101. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of Plasmodium falciparum PHISTb proteins as potential targets of naturally-acquired immunity against malaria
Tony I. Isebe, Joel L. Bargul, Bonface M. Gichuki, James M. Njunge, James Tuju, Martin K. Rono
Wellcome Open Research.2020; 5: 136. CrossRef

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Characterization of Pv92, a Novel Merozoite Surface Protein of Plasmodium vivax: Seong-Kyun Lee, Bo Wang, Jin-Hee Han, Myat Htut Nyunt, Fauzi Muh, Patchanee Chootong, Kwon-Soo Ha, Won Sun Park, Seok-Ho Hong, Jeong-Hyun Park, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):385-391.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.385

Abstract
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The discovery and understanding of antigenic proteins are essential for development of a vaccine against malaria. In Plasmodium falciparum, Pf92 have been characterized as a merozoite surface protein, and this protein is expressed at the late schizont stage, but no study of Pv92, the orthologue of Pf92 in P. vivax, has been reported. Thus, the protein structure of Pv92 was analyzed, and the gene sequence was aligned with that of other Plasmodium spp. using bioinformatics tools. The recombinant Pv92 protein was expressed and purified using bacterial expression system and used for immunization of mice to gain the polyclonal antibody and for evaluation of antigenicity by protein array. Also, the antibody against Pv92 was used for subcellular analysis by immunofluorescence assay. The Pv92 protein has a signal peptide and a sexual stage s48/45 domain, and the cysteine residues at the N-terminal of Pv92 were completely conserved. The N-terminal of Pv92 was successfully expressed as soluble form using a bacterial expression system. The antibody raised against Pv92 recognized the parasites and completely merged with PvMSP1-19, indicating that Pv92 was localized on the merozoite surface. Evaluation of the human humoral immune response to Pv92 indicated moderate antigenicity, with 65% sensitivity and 95% specificity by protein array. Taken together, the merozoite surface localization and antigenicity of Pv92 implicate that it might be involved in attachment and invasion of a merozoite to a new host cell or immune evasion during invasion process.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Merozoite surface protein 1 paralog is involved in the human erythrocyte invasion of a zoonotic malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi
Seong-Kyun Lee, Tuyet Kha Nguyen, Franziska Mohring, Jin-Hee Han, Egy Rahman Firdaus, Sung-Hun Na, Won-Sun Park, Robert W. Moon, Eun-Taek Han
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel platform for peptide-mediated affinity capture and LC-MS/MS identification of host receptors involved in Plasmodium invasion
Jessica Molina-Franky, David Fernando Plaza, Carmen Merali, Salim Merali, Carlos Barrero, Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón, Manuel Elkin Patarroyo, Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
Journal of Proteomics.2021; 231: 104002. CrossRef
Inhibition of parasite invasion by monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor-like domain of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 paralog
Jin-Hee Han, Yang Cheng, Fauzi Muh, Md Atique Ahmed, Jee-Sun Cho, Myat Htut Nyunt, Hye-Yoon Jeon, Kwon-Soo Ha, Sunghun Na, Won Sun Park, Seok-Ho Hong, Ho-Joon Shin, Bruce Russell, Eun-Taek Han
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax in vitro continuous culture: the spoke in the wheel
Maritza Bermúdez, Darwin Andrés Moreno-Pérez, Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón, Hernando Curtidor, Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
Malaria Journal.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Effective High-Throughput Blood Pooling Strategy before DNA Extraction for Detection of Malaria in Low-Transmission Settings: Myat Htut Nyunt, Myat Phone Kyaw, Kyaw Zin Thant, Thinzer Shein, Soe Soe Han, Ni Ni Zaw, Jin-Hee Han, Seong-Kyun Lee, Fauzi Muh, Jung-Yeon Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sang-Eun Lee, Eun-Jeong Yang, Chulhun L. Chang, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):253-259.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.253

Abstract
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In the era of (pre) elimination setting, the prevalence of malaria has been decreasing in most of the previously endemic areas. Therefore, effective cost- and time-saving validated pooling strategy is needed for detection of malaria in low transmission settings. In this study, optimal pooling numbers and lowest detection limit were assessed using known density samples prepared systematically, followed by genomic DNA extraction and nested PCR. Pooling strategy that composed of 10 samples in 1 pool, 20 ?l in 1 sample, was optimal, and the parasite density as low as 2 p/?l for both falciparum and vivax infection was enough for detection of malaria. This pooling method showed effectiveness for handling of a huge number of samples in low transmission settings (<9% positive rate). The results indicated that pooling of the blood samples before DNA extraction followed by usual nested PCR is useful and effective for detection of malaria in screening of hidden cases in low-transmission settings.

Citations

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Assessing the potential for specimen pooling to streamline nosocomial surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Isabella Pagotto, Mohammed Alqahtani, Bryn Joy, Gregory R. McCracken, Ian R. Davis, Jason J. LeBlanc, Glenn Patriquin, Wendy A. Szymczak
Microbiology Spectrum.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A sequential decoding procedure for pooled quantitative measure
Yunning Zhong, Ping Xu, Siming Zhong, Juan Ding
Sequential Analysis.2022; 41(1): 68. CrossRef
Surveillance on the Vivax Malaria in Endemic Areas in the Republic of Korea Based on Molecular and Serological Analyses
Seong-Kyun Lee, Fengyue Hu, Egy Rahman Firdaus, Ji-Hoon Park, Jin-Hee Han, Sang-Eun Lee, Hyun-Il Shin, Shin Hyeong Cho, Won Sun Park, Feng Lu, Eun-Taek Han
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 609. CrossRef
Estimation on local transmission of malaria by serological approach under low transmission setting in Myanmar
Myat Htut Nyunt, Than Naing Soe, Thinzar Shein, Ni Ni Zaw, Soe Soe Han, Fauzi Muh, Seong-Kyun Lee, Jin-Hee Han, Ji-Hoon Park, Kwon-Soo Ha, Won Sun Park, Seok-Ho Hong, Myat Phone Kyaw, Eun-Taek Han
Malaria Journal.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Current Status of Standard Diagnostics and Treatment for Malaria, Tuberculosis, and Hepatitis in Myanmar
Eun-Taek Han, Jong-Seok Lee, Jae-Hun Cheong, Chulhun L. Chang, Myat Htut Nyunt, Wah Wah Aung, Yi Yi Kyaw, Kyaw Zin Thant
Laboratory Medicine Online.2017; 7(3): 94. CrossRef
Optimization and evaluation of the qPCR-based pooling strategy DEP-pooling in dairy production for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes
Patrick Mester, Anna Kristina Witte, Christian Robben, Eva Streit, Susanne Fister, Dagmar Schoder, Peter Rossmanith
Food Control.2017; 82: 298. CrossRef

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Identification of Immunodominant B-cell Epitope Regions of Reticulocyte Binding Proteins in Plasmodium vivax by Protein Microarray Based Immunoscreening: Jin-Hee Han, Jian Li, Bo Wang, Seong-Kyun Lee, Myat Htut Nyunt, Sunghun Na, Jeong-Hyun Park, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):403-411.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.403

Abstract
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Plasmodium falciparum can invade all stages of red blood cells, while Plasmodium vivax can invade only reticulocytes. Although many P. vivax proteins have been discovered, their functions are largely unknown. Among them, P. vivax reticulocyte binding proteins (PvRBP1 and PvRBP2) recognize and bind to reticulocytes. Both proteins possess a C-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane domain, which drives adhesion to reticulocytes. PvRBP1 and PvRBP2 are large (> 326 kDa), which hinders identification of the functional domains. In this study, the complete genome information of the P. vivax RBP family was thoroughly analyzed using a prediction server with bioinformatics data to predict B-cell epitope domains. Eleven pvrbp family genes that included 2 pseudogenes and 9 full or partial length genes were selected and used to express recombinant proteins in a wheat germ cell-free system. The expressed proteins were used to evaluate the humoral immune response with vivax malaria patients and healthy individual serum samples by protein microarray. The recombinant fragments of 9 PvRBP proteins were successfully expressed; the soluble proteins ranged in molecular weight from 16 to 34 kDa. Evaluation of the humoral immune response to each recombinant PvRBP protein indicated a high antigenicity, with 38-88% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Of them, N-terminal parts of PvRBP2c (PVX_090325-1) and PvRBP2 like partial A (PVX_090330-1) elicited high antigenicity. In addition, the PvRBP2-like homologue B (PVX_116930) fragment was newly identified as high antigenicity and may be exploited as a potential antigenic candidate among the PvRBP family. The functional activity of the PvRBP family on merozoite invasion remains unknown.

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Daniel Kepple, Kareen Pestana, Junya Tomida, Abnet Abebe, Lemu Golassa, Eugenia Lo
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Prasanta Patra, Niladri Mondal, Bidhan Chandra Patra, Manojit Bhattacharya
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics.2020; 26(2): 1165. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins for invasion into reticulocytes
Li‐Jin Chan, Melanie H. Dietrich, Wang Nguitragool, Wai‐Hong Tham
Cellular Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
From a basic to a functional approach for developing a blood stage vaccine against Plasmodium vivax
Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo, Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón, Darwin A. Moreno-Pérez
Expert Review of Vaccines.2020; 19(2): 195. CrossRef
Inferring Plasmodium vivax protein biology by using omics data
D.A. Moreno-Pérez, M.A. Patarroyo
Journal of Proteomics.2020; 218: 103719. CrossRef
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Negar Hooshmand, Jamal Fayazi, Saleh Tabatabaei, Nader Ghaleh Golab Behbahan
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Serodiagnostic antigens of Clonorchis sinensis identified and evaluated by high-throughput proteogenomics
Pyo Yun Cho, Ji-Yun Lee, Tae Im Kim, Jin-Ho Song, Sung-Jong Hong, Won Gi Yoo, Takafumi Tsuboi, Kwon-Soo Ha, Jae-Wan Jung, Satoru Takeo, Eun-Taek Han, Banchob Sripa, Sung-Tae Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Ho-Woo Nam, Jhang Ho Pak, Tong-Soo Kim, Krystyna Cwiklinski
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(12): e0008998. CrossRef
Contribution ofPlasmodiumimmunomics: potential impact for serological testing and surveillance of malaria
Kokouvi Kassegne, Eniola Michael Abe, Yan-Bing Cui, Shen-Bo Chen, Bin Xu, Wang-Ping Deng, Hai-Mo Shen, Yue Wang, Jun-Hu Chen, Xiao-Nong Zhou
Expert Review of Proteomics.2019; 16(2): 117. CrossRef
Identification and Immunological Characterization of the Ligand Domain of Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Protein 1a
Francis B Ntumngia, Richard Thomson-Luque, Sandra Galusic, Gabriel Frato, Sarah Frischmann, David S Peabody, Bryce Chackerian, Marcelo U Ferreira, Christopher L King, John H Adams
The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2018; 218(7): 1110. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax vaccine research – we’ve only just begun
Wai-Hong Tham, James G. Beeson, Julian C. Rayner
International Journal for Parasitology.2017; 47(2-3): 111. CrossRef
What Is Known about the Immune Response Induced by Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine Candidates?
Carolina López, Yoelis Yepes-Pérez, Natalia Hincapié-Escobar, Diana Díaz-Arévalo, Manuel A. Patarroyo
Frontiers in Immunology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of a reticulocyte-specific binding domain of Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte-binding protein 1 that is homologous to the PfRh4 erythrocyte-binding domain
Jin-Hee Han, Seong-Kyun Lee, Bo Wang, Fauzi Muh, Myat Htut Nyunt, Sunghun Na, Kwon-Soo Ha, Seok-Ho Hong, Won Sun Park, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Takafumi Tsuboi, Eun-Taek Han
Scientific Reports.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax GPI-anchored micronemal antigen (PvGAMA) binds human erythrocytes independent of Duffy antigen status
Yang Cheng, Feng Lu, Bo Wang, Jian Li, Jin-Hee Han, Daisuke Ito, Deok-Hoon Kong, Lubin Jiang, Jian Wu, Kwon-Soo Ha, Eizo Takashima, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Jun Cao, Myat Htut Nyunt, Myat Phone Kyaw, Sanjay A. Desai, Louis H. Miller, Takafumi Tsuboi, Eun-Ta
Scientific Reports.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins Are Key Targets of Naturally Acquired Immunity in Young Papua New Guinean Children
Camila T. França, Wen-Qiang He, Jakub Gruszczyk, Nicholas T. Y. Lim, Enmoore Lin, Benson Kiniboro, Peter M. Siba, Wai-Hong Tham, Ivo Mueller, Henk D. F. H. Schallig
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2016; 10(9): e0005014. CrossRef
Gene Models, Expression Repertoire, and Immune Response of Plasmodium vivax Reticulocyte Binding Proteins
Jenni Hietanen, Anongruk Chim-ong, Thanprakorn Chiramanewong, Jakub Gruszczyk, Wanlapa Roobsoong, Wai-Hong Tham, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Wang Nguitragool, J. H. Adams
Infection and Immunity.2016; 84(3): 677. CrossRef

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Evaluation of the Accuracy of the EasyTest™ Malaria Pf/Pan Ag, a Rapid Diagnostic Test, in Uganda: Chom-Kyu Chong, Pyo Yun Cho, Byoung-Kuk Na, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jin Su Kim, Jin-Soo Lee, Sung-Keun Lee, Eun-Taek Han, Hak-Yong Kim, Yun-Kyu Park, Seok Ho Cha, Tong-Soo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):501-505.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.501

Abstract
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In recent years, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been widely used for malaria detection, primarily because of their simple operation, fast results, and straightforward interpretation. The Asan EasyTest™ Malaria Pf/Pan Ag is one of the most commonly used malaria RDTs in several countries, including Korea and India. In this study, we tested the diagnostic performance of this RDT in Uganda to evaluate its usefulness for field diagnosis of malaria in this country. Microscopic and PCR analyses, and the Asan EasyTest™ Malaria Pf/Pan Ag rapid diagnostic test, were performed on blood samples from 185 individuals with suspected malaria in several villages in Uganda. Compared to the microscopic analysis, the sensitivity of the RDT to detect malaria infection was 95.8% and 83.3% for Plasmodium falciparum and non-P. falciparum, respectively. Although the diagnostic sensitivity of the RDT decreased when parasitemia was ≤500 parasites/?l, it showed 96.8% sensitivity (98.4% for P. falciparum and 93.8% for non-P. falciparum) in blood samples with parasitemia ≥100 parasites/?l. The specificity of the RDT was 97.3% for P. falciparum and 97.3% for non-P. falciparum. These results collectively suggest that the accuracy of the Asan EasyTest™ Malaria Pf/Pan Ag makes it an effective point-of-care diagnostic tool for malaria in Uganda.

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Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda
Bosco B. Agaba, Simon P. Rugera, Ruth Mpirirwe, Martha Atekat, Samuel Okubal, Khalid Masereka, Miseal Erionu, Bosco Adranya, Gertrude Nabirwa, Patrick B. Odong, Yasin Mukiibi, Isaac Ssewanyana, Susan Nabadda, Enoch Muwanguzi
Malaria Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenases in Myanmar isolates
Jinyoung Lee, Tae Im Kim, Hương Giang Lê, Won Gi Yoo, Jung-Mi Kang, Seong-Kyu Ahn, Moe Kyaw Myint, Khin Lin, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na
Malaria Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Limitations of rapid diagnostic tests in malaria surveys in areas with varied transmission intensity in Uganda 2017-2019: Implications for selection and use of HRP2 RDTs
Agaba B. Bosco, Joaniter I. Nankabirwa, Adoke Yeka, Sam Nsobya, Karryn Gresty, Karen Anderson, Paul Mbaka, Christiane Prosser, David Smith, Jimmy Opigo, Rhoda Namubiru, Emmanuel Arinaitwe, John Kissa, Samuel Gonahasa, Sungho Won, Bora Lee, Chae Seung Lim,
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(12): e0244457. CrossRef
An Update on Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Avinash N. Mukkala, Jason Kwan, Rachel Lau, David Harris, Dylan Kain, Andrea K. Boggild
Current Infectious Disease Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Assessment of Diagnostic Performances of Two Commercial Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits for Detection of Plasmodium spp. in Ugandan Patients with Malaria
Young Yil Bahk, Seo Hye Park, Woojoo Lee, Kyoung Jin, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 447. CrossRef
An Evaluation of Active Case Detection in Malaria Control Program in Kiyuni Parish of Kyankwanzi District, Uganda
Young Yil Bahk, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Woo-Joo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(6): 625. CrossRef
Comparison of the diagnostic performance of microscopic examination with nested polymerase chain reaction for optimum malaria diagnosis in Upper Myanmar
Jung-Mi Kang, Pyo-Yun Cho, Mya Moe, Jinyoung Lee, Hojong Jun, Hyeong-Woo Lee, Seong Kyu Ahn, Tae Im Kim, Jhang Ho Pak, Moe Kyaw Myint, Khin Lin, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na
Malaria Journal.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
A Cluster Randomised Trial Introducing Rapid Diagnostic Tests into Registered Drug Shops in Uganda: Impact on Appropriate Treatment of Malaria
Anthony K. Mbonye, Pascal Magnussen, Sham Lal, Kristian S. Hansen, Bonnie Cundill, Clare Chandler, Siân E. Clarke, Roly D Gosling
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(7): e0129545. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Metagonimus yokogawai: a 100-kDa Somatic Antigen Commonly Reacting with Other Trematodes: Eun-Taek Han, Hyun-Jong Yang, Young-Jin Park, Jeong-Hyun Park, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(2):201-204.
Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.201

Abstract
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This study was undertaken to characterize the properties of a 100 kDa somatic antigen from Metagonimus yokogawai. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against this 100 kDa antigen, and their immunoreactivity was assessed by western blot analysis with patients' sera. The mAbs against the 100 kDa antigen commonly reacted with various kinds of trematode antigens, including intestinal (Gymnophalloides seoi), lung (Paragonimus westermani), and liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis and Fasciola hepatica). However, this mAb showed no cross-reactions with other helminth parasites, including nematodes and cestodes. To determine the topographic distribution of the 100 kDa antigen in worm sections, indirect immunoperoxidase staining was performed. A strong positive reaction was observed in the tegumental and subtegumental layers of adult M. yokogawai and C. sinensis. The results showed that the 100 kDa somatic protein of M. yokogawai is a common antigen which recognizes a target epitope present over the tegumental layer of different trematode species.

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Reliability of heterophyid antigens in heterologous protection against human schistosomiasis
Alaa H. A. Hegazy, Lamia A. Galal, Tasneem M. Hassan, Refaat M. A. Khalifa
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2020; 44(2): 349. CrossRef
Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: An update
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2017; 8-9: 33. CrossRef

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3 Web of Science
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Prevalence of Drug Resistance-Associated Gene Mutations in Plasmodium vivax in Central China: Feng Lu, Bo Wang, Jun Cao, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Huayun Zhou, Guoding Zhu, Kwonkee Kim, Qi Gao, Eun-Taek Han; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):379-384.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.379

Abstract
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Resistance of Plasmodium spp. to anti-malarial drugs is the primary obstacle in the fight against malaria, and molecular markers for the drug resistance have been applied as an adjunct in the surveillance of the resistance. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mutations in pvmdr1, pvcrt-o, pvdhfr, and pvdhps genes in temperate-zone P. vivax parasites from central China. A total of 26 isolates were selected, including 8 which were previously shown to have a lower susceptibility to chloroquine in vitro. For pvmdr1, pvcrt-o, and pvdhps genes, no resistance-conferring mutations were discovered. However, a highly prevalent (69.2%), single-point mutation (S117N) was found in pvdhfr gene. In addition, tandem repeat polymorphisms existed in pvdhfr and pvdhps genes, which warranted further studies in relation to the parasite resistance to antifolate drugs. The study further suggests that P. vivax populations in central China may still be relatively susceptible to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.

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Vanessa Vásquez, Ana María Santamaría, Dianik Moreno, Fergie Ruíz, Chystrie A. Rigg, Luis F. Chaves, José E. Calzada
Pathogens.2025; 14(3): 231. CrossRef
Are pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 Gene Mutations Associated with Plasmodium vivax Chloroquine-Resistant Parasites?
Rebecca de Abreu-Fernandes, Natália Ketrin Almeida-de-Oliveira, Aline Rosa de Lavigne Mello, Lucas Tavares de Queiroz, Jacqueline de Aguiar Barros, Bárbara de Oliveira Baptista, Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira, Rodrigo Medeiros de Souza, Lilian Rose Pratt-Riccio
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Polymorphisms of potential drug resistant molecular markers in Plasmodium vivax from China–Myanmar border during 2008‒2017
Zhensheng Wang, Chunyan Wei, Yunchun Pan, Zhihua Wang, Xin Ji, Qianqian Chen, Lianhui Zhang, Zenglei Wang, Heng Wang
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of pvmrp1 Polymorphisms and Its Contribution to Antimalarial Response
Yi Yin, Gangcheng Chen, Myat Htut Nyunt, Meihua Zhang, Yaobao Liu, Guoding Zhu, Xinlong He, Fang Tian, Jun Cao, Eun-taek Han, Feng Lu
Microorganisms.2022; 10(8): 1482. CrossRef
Assessing the in vitro sensitivity with associated drug resistance polymorphisms in Plasmodium vivax clinical isolates from Delhi, India
Monika Matlani, Amit Kumar, Vineeta Singh
Experimental Parasitology.2021; 220: 108047. CrossRef
Monitoring Plasmodium vivax resistance to antimalarials: Persisting challenges and future directions
Marcelo U. Ferreira, Tais Nobrega de Sousa, Gabriel W. Rangel, Igor C. Johansen, Rodrigo M. Corder, Simone Ladeia-Andrade, José Pedro Gil
International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance.2021; 15: 9. CrossRef
Phylogenetic analysis suggests single and multiple origins of dihydrofolate reductase mutations in Plasmodium vivax
Ayaz Shaukat, Qasim Ali, Lucy Raud, Abdul Wahab, Taj Ali Khan, Imran Rashid, Muhammad Rashid, Mubashir Hussain, Mushtaq A. Saleem, Neil D. Sargison, Umer Chaudhry
Acta Tropica.2021; 215: 105821. CrossRef
Antimalarial Drug Resistance and Implications for the WHO Global Technical Strategy
Matthew M. Ippolito, Kara A. Moser, Jean-Bertin Bukasa Kabuya, Clark Cunningham, Jonathan J. Juliano
Current Epidemiology Reports.2021; 8(2): 46. CrossRef
Polymorphism of Antifolate Drug Resistance in Plasmodium vivax From Local Residents and Migrant Workers Returned From the China-Myanmar Border
Weilin Zeng, Siqi Wang, Shi Feng, Daibin Zhong, Yue Hu, Yao Bai, Yonghua Ruan, Yu Si, Hui Zhao, Qi Yang, Xinxin Li, Xi Chen, Yanmei Zhang, Cuiying Li, Zheng Xiang, Yanrui Wu, Fang Chen, Pincan Su, Benjamin M. Rosenthal, Zhaoqing Yang
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Surveillance and Ex Vivo Drug Susceptibilities of Plasmodium vivax Isolates From the China–Myanmar Border
Weilin Zeng, Hui Zhao, Wei Zhao, Qi Yang, Xinxin Li, Xiaosong Li, Mengxi Duan, Xun Wang, Cuiying Li, Zheng Xiang, Xi Chen, Liwang Cui, Zhaoqing Yang
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Detection of Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Plasmodium vivax from Returned Travellers to NSW, Australia during 2008–2018
Chaturong Noisang, Wieland Meyer, Nongyao Sawangjaroen, John Ellis, Rogan Lee
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Plasmodium vivax drug resistance markers: Genetic polymorphisms and mutation patterns in isolates from Malaysia
Fei-Wen Cheong, Shairah Dzul, Mun-Yik Fong, Yee-Ling Lau, Sasheela Ponnampalavanar
Acta Tropica.2020; 206: 105454. CrossRef
Ex vivo susceptibilities of Plasmodium vivax isolates from the China-Myanmar border to antimalarial drugs and association with polymorphisms in Pvmdr1 and Pvcrt-o genes
Jiangyan Li, Jie Zhang, Qian Li, Yue Hu, Yonghua Ruan, Zhiyong Tao, Hui Xia, Jichen Qiao, Lingwen Meng, Weilin Zeng, Cuiying Li, Xi He, Luyi Zhao, Faiza A. Siddiqui, Jun Miao, Zhaoqing Yang, Qiang Fang, Liwang Cui, Kamala Thriemer
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(6): e0008255. CrossRef
An unlabelled probe-based real time PCR and modified semi-nested PCR as molecular tools for analysis of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium vivax isolates from Afghanistan
Sayed Hussain Mosawi, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Najibullah Safi, Reza Fotouhi-Ardakani, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Javid Sadraei
Malaria Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular surveillance for drug resistance markers in Plasmodium vivax isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic infections at the China–Myanmar border
Yan Zhao, Lin Wang, Myat Thu Soe, Pyae Linn Aung, Haichao Wei, Ziling Liu, Tongyu Ma, Yuanyuan Huang, Lynette J. Menezes, Qinghui Wang, Myat Phone Kyaw, Myat Htut Nyunt, Liwang Cui, Yaming Cao
Malaria Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Selective sweep and phylogenetic models for the emergence and spread of pyrimethamine resistance mutations in Plasmodium vivax
Ayaz Shaukat, Qasim Ali, Timothy Connelley, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan, Mushtaq A. Saleem, Mike Evans, Imran Rashid, Neil D. Sargison, Umer Chaudhry
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2019; 68: 221. CrossRef
Polymorphisms in genes associated with drug resistance of Plasmodium vivax in India
Vamsi Mohan Anantabotla, Hiasindh Ashmi Antony, Subhash Chandra Parija, Nonika Rajkumari, Jyoti R. Kini, Radhakrishna Manipura, Vijaya Lakshmi Nag, R. Gadepalli, Nirupama Chayani, Somi Patro
Parasitology International.2019; 70: 92. CrossRef
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Chaturong Noisang, Christiane Prosser, Wieland Meyer, Waenurama Chemoh, John Ellis, Nongyao Sawangjaroen, Rogan Lee
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Drug resistance genes: pvcrt-o and pvmdr-1 polymorphism in patients from malaria endemic South Western Coastal Region of India
Shiny Joy, Benudhar Mukhi, Susanta K. Ghosh, Rajeshwara N. Achur, D. Channe Gowda, Namita Surolia
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Shiny Joy, Susanta K. Ghosh, Rajeshwara N. Achur, D. Channe Gowda, Namita Surolia
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Kritpaphat Tantiamornkul, Tepanata Pumpaibool, Jittima Piriyapongsa, Richard Culleton, Usa Lek-Uthai
International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance.2018; 8(2): 229. CrossRef
Simultaneous detection of Plasmodium vivax dhfr, dhps, mdr1 and crt-o resistance-associated mutations in the Colombian Amazonian region
Juan Ricardo Cubides, Paola Andrea Camargo-Ayala, Carlos Hernando Niño, Diego Garzón-Ospina, Anggie Ortega-Ortegón, Estefany Ospina-Cantillo, María Fernanda Orduz-Durán, Manuel Elkin Patarroyo, Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
Malaria Journal.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Evidence of Drug Resistance in Asymptomatic Malaria Infections, Myanmar, 2015
Myat Htut Nyunt, Thinzar Shein, Ni Ni Zaw, Soe Soe Han, Fauzi Muh, Seong-Kyun Lee, Jin-Hee Han, Kyaw Zin Thant, Eun-Taek Han, Myat Phone Kyaw
Emerging Infectious Diseases.2017; 23(3): 517. CrossRef
Clinical and molecular surveillance of drug resistant vivax malaria in Myanmar (2009–2016)
Myat Htut Nyunt, Jin-Hee Han, Bo Wang, Khin Myo Aye, Kyin Hla Aye, Seong-Kyun Lee, Ye Htut, Myat Phone Kyaw, Kay Thwe Han, Eun-Taek Han
Malaria Journal.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Low prevalence of dihydro folate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) quadruple and quintuple mutant alleles associated with SP resistance in Plasmodium vivax isolates of West Bengal, India
Sabyasachi Das, Abhijit Banik, Amiya Kumar Hati, Somenath Roy
Malaria Journal.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Polymorphisms in chloroquine resistance-associated genes in Plasmodium vivax in Ethiopia
Lemu Golassa, Berhanu Erko, Frederick N Baliraine, Abraham Aseffa, Göte Swedberg
Malaria Journal.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Amplification of pfmdr1 , pfcrt , pvmdr1 , and K13 Propeller Polymorphisms Associated with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Isolates from the China-Myanmar Bord
Jun Feng, Daili Zhou, Yingxue Lin, Huihui Xiao, He Yan, Zhigui Xia
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2015; 59(5): 2554. CrossRef
Molecular surveillance of pvdhfr, pvdhps, and pvmdr-1 mutations in Plasmodium vivax isolates from Yunnan and Anhui provinces of China
Bo Huang, Shiguang Huang, Xin-zhuan Su, Xinxin Tong, Junping Yan, Hongbin Li, Fangli Lu
Malaria Journal.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and patterns of antifolate and chloroquine drug resistance markers in Plasmodium vivax across Pakistan
Aamer A Khattak, Meera Venkatesan, Lubna Khatoon, Amed Ouattara, Leo J Kenefic, Muhammad F Nadeem, Farida Nighat, Salman A Malik, Christopher V Plowe
Malaria Journal.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
N-TerminalPlasmodium vivaxMerozoite Surface Protein-1, a Potential Subunit for Malaria Vivax Vaccine
Fernanda G. Versiani, Maria E. Almeida, Luis A. Mariuba, Patricia P. Orlandi, Paulo A. Nogueira
Clinical and Developmental Immunology.2013; 2013: 1. CrossRef
In vitro chloroquine resistance for Plasmodium vivax isolates from the Western Brazilian Amazon
Yonne F Chehuan, Monica RF Costa, Jacqueline S Costa, Maria GC Alecrim, Fátima Nogueira, Henrique Silveira, Larissa W Brasil, Gisely C Melo, Wuelton M Monteiro, Marcus VG Lacerda
Malaria Journal.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
High levels of IgG3 anti ICB2-5 in Plasmodium vivax-infected individuals who did not develop symptoms
Fernanda G Versiani, Maria EM Almeida, Gisely C Melo, Francivaldo OL Versiani, Patrícia P Orlandi, Luís André M Mariúba, Leidiane A Soares, Luciana P Souza, Antonio A da Silva Balieiro, Wuelton M Monteiro, Fabio TM Costa, Hernando A del Portillo, Marcus V
Malaria Journal.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of drug resistance associated mutations in Plasmodium vivax against sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in southern Pakistan
Afsheen Raza, Najia K Ghanchi, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Mohammad Asim Beg
Malaria Journal.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
Blood Stage of Plasmodium vivax in Central China Is Still Susceptible to Chloroquine Plus Primaquine Combination Therapy
Eun-Taek Han, Yaobao Liu, Feng Lu, Qi Gao, Jun Cao, Guoding Zhu, Huayun Zhou
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2013; 89(1): 184. CrossRef

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Cercaria caribbea LVIII Cable, 1963 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) in the Republic of Korea and Its Surface Ultrastructure: Eun-Taek Han, Jeong-Hyun Park, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):177-180.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.177

Abstract
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Cercaria caribbea LVIII Cable, 1963 (Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) was detected from a brackish water gastropod species (Cerithideopsilla cingulata) in a coatal area of Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do (Province), the Republic of Korea, and its surface ultrastructure was studied using a scanning electron microscope. The cercariae were found freely swimming or enveloped within daughter sporocysts when the snail host was mechanically broken. They were morphologically characterized by a linguiform and ventrally concave body, a long and bifurcated tail, and the presence of a holdfast (=tribocytic) organ posterior to the ventral sucker. On the whole ventral and dorsal surfaces, peg-like tegumental spines were densely distributed. Around the oral sucker, several sensory papillae, each with a short cilium, were distributed, and on the tail, sensory papillae, each with an extensively long cilium, were observed. This is the first record describing a cyathocotylid cercaria from a brackish water gastropod in the Republic of Korea.

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A preliminary study on some larval trematodes parasites of marine snail Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin, 1791) in Al- faw Bay, South of Iraq

International Journal of Biosciences (IJB).2020; : 464. CrossRef

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Molecular Identification of Taenia Tapeworms by Cox1 Gene in Koh Kong, Cambodia: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Tai-Soon Yong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Sung-Jong Hong, Eun-Taek Han, Hoo-Gn Jeong, Tep Chhakda, Muth Sinuon, Duong Socheat, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(2):195-197.
Published online June 14, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.195

Abstract
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We collected fecal samples from 21 individuals infected with Taenia tapeworms in Koh Kong Province, Cambodia, and performed nucleotide sequencing of the cox1 gene and multiplex PCR on the eggs for DNA differential diagnosis of human Taenia tapeworms. Genomic DNA was extracted from the eggs of a minimum number of 10 isolated from fecal samples. Using oligonucleotide primers Ta7126F, Ts7313F, Tso7466F, and Rev7915, the multiplex PCR assay proved useful for differentially diagnosing Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, and Taenia asiatica based on 706, 629, and 474 bp bands, respectively. All of the Taenia specimens from Kho Kong, Cambodia, were identified as either T. saginata (n=19) or T. solium (n=2) by cox1 sequencing and multiplex PCR.

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Taeniasis impacts human gut microbiome composition and function
Wenjie Mu, Pingping Ma, Yugui Wang, Yaqi Li, Yingying Ding, Yang Zou, Lixia Pu, Qi Yan, Haoyue Kong, Xiaola Guo, Aijiang Guo, Hailong Li, Shuai Wang
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Occurrence of a Hybrid Between Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica Tapeworms in Cambodia
Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Seungwan Ryoo, Jeonggyu Lee, Keon Hoon Lee, Hansol Park, Keeseon S. Eom, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(2): 179. CrossRef
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Hanif Ullah, Abdul Qadeer, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Imran Rashid, Guofeng Cheng
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Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in East, Southeast and South Asia
Ramon M. Eichenberger, Lian F. Thomas, Sarah Gabriël, Branco Bobić, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Lucy J. Robertson, Anastasios Saratsis, Paul R. Torgerson, Uffe C. Braae, Veronique Dermauw, Pierre Dorny
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Hai-Wei Wu, Akira Ito, Lin Ai, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Luz P. Acosta, Arve Lee Willingham III
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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2017; 10(4): 332. CrossRef
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Shane Byrne, Jennifer M.B. Robson
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Catrin E. Moore, Phot Nget, Mao Saroeun, Suy Kuong, Seng Chanthou, Varun Kumar, Rachel Bousfield, Johanna Nader, J. Wendi Bailey, Nicholas J. Beeching, Nicholas P. Day, Christopher M. Parry, William A Paxton
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(5): e0123719. CrossRef
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Raúl J. Bobes, Gladis Fragoso, Agnès Fleury, Martín García-Varela, Edda Sciutto, Carlos Larralde, Juan P. Laclette
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2014; 23: 150. CrossRef
The Parasitological, Immunological, and Molecular Diagnosis of Human Taeniasis with Special Emphasis on Taenia solium Taeniasis
Kabemba E. Mwape, Sarah Gabriël
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Ai Lin, Chen Mu-Xin, Zhang Yong-Nian, Chen Shao-Hong, Zhou Xiao-Nong, Chen Jia-Xu
African Journal of Microbiology Research.2014; 8(9): 895. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(6): 661. CrossRef
Epidemiology and genetic diversity of Taenia asiatica: a systematic review
Anita Ale, Bjorn Victor, Nicolas Praet, Sarah Gabriël, Niko Speybroeck, Pierre Dorny, Brecht Devleesschauwer
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(1): 1. CrossRef

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Original Articles

High Prevalence of Haplorchis taichui, Phaneropsolus molenkampi, and Other Helminth Infections among People in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR: Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Duk-Young Min, Jin-Young Um, Min-Sung Park, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):243-247.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.243

Abstract
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The prevalence of liver and intestinal helminth infections, including Opisthorchis, Haplorchis, Phaneropsolus, hookworms, Enterobius, and Taenia, was surveyed in Khammouane province, Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected from 1,242 people (590 men and 652 women) in 3 Mekong riverside villages and were examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The overall helminth egg positive rate was 81.1%. The positive rate for small trematode eggs, including Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyids, and lecithodendriids, was 81.1% and the positive rate for hookworms was 6.7%. To obtain adult worms, 35 people who were positive for small trematode eggs were treated with 20-30 mg/kg praziquantel and 10-15 mg/kg pyrantel pamoate, and then purged. Diarrheic stools were collected from 33 of these people and searched for helminth parasites using a stereomicroscope. Mixed infections with various helminths (Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis yokogawai, Prosthodendrium molenkampi, Phaneropsolus bonnei, echinostomes, hookworms, Trichostrongylus spp., Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, and/or Taenia saginata) were found. The total number of helminth specimens collected was 20,907 (approximately 634 per person). The most common species was H. taichui, followed by P. molenkampi, O. viverrini, P. bonnei, E. vermicularis, hookworms, and Trichostrongylus spp. These results show that diverse species of intestinal nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes are infecting humans in Khammouane province, Lao PDR.

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A Hospital-Based Serological Survey of Cryptosporidiosis in the Republic of Korea: Jong-Kyu Lee, Eun-Taek Han, Sun Huh, Woo-Yoon Park, Jae-Ran Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):219-225.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.219

Abstract
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The seroprevalence of cryptosporidiosis was examined using patients' sera collected from hospitals located in 4 different areas of the Republic of Korea. ELISA was used to measure antibody titers against Cryptosporidium parvum antigens from a total of 2,394 serum samples, which were collected randomly from patients in local hospitals; 1) Chungbuk National University Hospital, 2) Konkuk University Hospital, 3) local hospitals in Chuncheon, Gangwon-do (province), 4) Jeonnam National University Hospital, from 2002 through 2003. Of the 2,394 samples assayed, 34%, 26%, and 56% were positive for C. parvum-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies, respectively. Positive IgG titers were most common in sera from Jeonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, and positive IgM titers were most common in sera from Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Chuncheongbuk-do. The seropositivity was positively correlated with age for both the IgG and IgA antibodies but was negatively correlated with age for the IgM antibodies. Western blotting revealed that 92%, 83%, and 77% of sera positive for IgG, IgM, and IgA ELISA reacted with 27-kDa antigens, respectively. These results suggested that infection with Cryptosporidium in hospital patients occurs more commonly than previously reported in the Republic of Korea.

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Brief Communications

Ultrastructural Localization of Cryptosporidium parvum Antigen Using Human Patients Sera: Jong-Gyu Lee, Eun-Taek Han, Woo-Yoon Park, Jae-Ran Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):171-174.
Published online May 27, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.171

Abstract
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The antigen location of Cryptosporidium parvum, which stimulates antibody formation in humans and animals, was investigated using infected human sera. Immuno-electron microscopy revealed that antigenicity-inducing humoral immunity was located at various developmental stages of parasites, including asexual, sexual stages, and oocysts. The amount of antigen-stimulating IgG antibodies was particularly high on the oocyst wall. The sporozoite surface was shown to give stimulation on IgG and IgM antibody formation. Trophozoites implicated the lowest antigenicity to humoral immunity, both IgG and IgM, by showing the least amount of gold labeling. Immunogold labeling also provided clues that antigens were presented to the host-cell cytoplasm via feeder organelles and host-parasite junctions.

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Cryptostatin, a chagasin-family cysteine protease inhibitor ofCryptosporidium parvum
J.-M. KANG, H.-L. JU, J.-R. YU, W.-M. SOHN, B.-K. NA
Parasitology.2012; 139(8): 1029. CrossRef

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Antibody Responses in Sera of Different Mouse Strains Experimentally Infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense: Eun-Taek Han, Jun-Hu Chen, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(4):279-283.
Published online December 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.279

Abstract
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To examine humoral immune responses in the host, we measured serum antibody levels in different strains of mice (ICR, BALB/c, and C3H) experimentally infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense. Specific IgG antibody levels were increased remarkably with little difference among 3 strains of mice infected with N. seoulense from day 7 to 35 post-infection. More target proteins of adult parasites reacted with IgG at the time when the worm recovery decreased compared with other times. More than 20 protein bands, from 14 kDa to 94 kDa in size, were separated from the crude antigen of N. seoulense adults by SDS-PAGE, and among them 26, 30, 35, 43, 54, 67, and 94 kDa proteins were the major antigenic proteins. The results suggest that significant IgG antibody responses occur against N. seoulense in mice and this may be related with expulsion of worms.

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Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia
Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S69. CrossRef

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Mactra veneriformis, an Intertidal Clam, as a New Second Intermediate Host for Acanthoparyphium marilae (Digenea: Echinostomatidae): Eun-Taek Han, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):101-104.
Published online June 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.101

Abstract
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Metacercariae of Acanthoparyphium marilae Yamaguti, 1934 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) were discovered in an intertidal clam, Mactra veneriformis, in a southwestern coastal area of the Republic of Korea. A total of 128 metacercariae were detected from 10 clams examined. They were round, 320 ?m in average diameter, with 23 collar spines. They were fed experimentally to chicks, and 10 days later adult flukes were obtained. The adults were morphologically characterized by the head collar with a single row of 23 dorsally uninterrupted spines, without special end group spines, a round ventral sucker, 2 round and tandem testes, and vitellaria extending at lateral fields from the posterior extremity not beyond the middle level of the posterior testis. The most characteristic feature of this species was the limited distribution of vitellaria, which differs from Acanthoparyphium tyosenense Yamaguti, 1939, the metacercariae of which are encysted in the same mollusk species. This is the first report in which the metacercariae of this species were detected, and the intertidal bivalve, M. veneriformis, has been identified as a second intermediate host for A. marilae.

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Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(4): 399. CrossRef
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Centrocestus formosanus (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Encysted in the Freshwater Fish, Puntius brevis, from Lao PDR: Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Souvanny Phommakorn, Bounthong Sengvilaykham, Jae-Lip Kim, Han-Jong Rim, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(1):49-53.
Published online March 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.1.49

Abstract
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The metacercariae of Centrocestus formosanus, a minute intestinal trematode of mammals and birds, were detected in the freshwater fish, Puntius brevis, from Vientiane Municipality, Lao PDR. The metacercariae were experimentally fed to mice, and adult flukes were recovered in their small intestines 7 days later. The adult flukes were morphologically characterized by having 32 (rarely 34) circumoral spines arranged in 2 alternative rows, a large bipartite seminal vesicle, an oval-shaped ovary, and an X-shaped excretory bladder. Based on these characters, the adults were identified as Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). The taxonomic significance of C. formosanus, in relation to a closely related species, C. caninus (Leiper, 1913), is briefly discussed. It has been first verified by adult worm recovery that C. formosanus is prevalent in Vientiane areas of Lao PDR, taking the freshwater fish, P. brevis, as a second intermediate host.

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Original Articles

High prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections among residents of Savannakhet Province in Laos: Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Taek Han, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Keon-Hoon Lee, Hoo-Gn Jeong, Yong-Sang Ryang, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(3):213-218.
Published online September 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.3.213

Abstract
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The prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections was surveyed on residents of Savannakhet Province, Laos. Fecal specimens were collected from a total of 981 residents in 4 Mekong riverside villages and examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The results revealed that the overall helminth egg positive rate was 84.2%, and the positive rate for small trematode eggs, including Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyids, or lecithodendriids, was 67.1%. To obtain adult flukes, 38 small trematode egg positive cases were treated with a 20-30 mg/kg single dose of praziquantel and purged. Diarrheic stools were then collected from 29 people and searched for helminth parasites using stereomicroscopes. Mixed infections with O. viverrini and 6 kinds of intestinal flukes were found, namely, Haplorchis taichui, Haplorchis pumilio, Haplorchis yokogawai, Prosthodendrium molenkampi, Phaneropsolus bonnei, and echinostomes. The total number of flukes collected was 7,693 specimens (av. no. per treated person; 265.3). The most common species was O. viverrini, followed by H. taichui, P. molenkampi, echinostomes, H. pumilio, P. bonnei, and H. yokogawai. The results indicate that foodborne liver and intestinal fluke infections are prevalent among residents of Savannakhet Province, Laos.

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Reemerging vivax malaria: changing patterns of annual incidence and control programs in the Republic of Korea: Eun-Taek Han, Duk-Hyoung Lee, Ki-Dong Park, Won-Seok Seok, Young-Soo Kim, Takafumi Tsuboi, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(4):285-294.
Published online December 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.285

Abstract
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Changing patterns of the reemerging Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) during the period 1993 to 2005 are briefly analyzed with emphasis on the control measures used and the effects of meteorological and entomological factors. Data were obtained from the Communicable Diseases Monthly Reports published by the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and webpages of World Health Organization and United Nations. Meteorological data of Kangwon-do (Province) were obtained from local weather stations. After its first reemergence in 1993, the prevalence of malaria increased exponentially, peaking in 2000, and then decreased. In total, 21,419 cases were reported between 1993 and 2005 in South Korea. In North Korea, a total of 916,225 cases were reported between 1999 and 2004. The occurrence of malaria in high risk areas of South Korea was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with the mosquito population but not with temperature and rainfall. Control programs, including early case detection and treatment, mass chemoprophylaxis of soldiers, and international financial aids to North Korea for malaria control have been instituted. The situation of the reemerging vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea is remarkably improving during the recent years, at least in part, due to the control activities undertaken in South and North Korea.

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Genotype analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. prevalent in a rural village in Hwasun-gun, Republic of Korea: Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(1):27-33.
Published online March 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.1.27

Abstract
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Two species of Cryptosporidium are known to infect man; C. hominis which shows anthroponotic transmission between humans, and C. parvum which shows zoonotic transmission between animals or between animals and man. In this study, we focused on identifying genotypes of Cryptosporidium prevalent among inhabitants and domestic animals (cattle and goats), to elucidate transmittal routes in a known endemic area in Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea. The existence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was confirmed using a modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Human infections were found in 7 (25.9%) of 27 people examined. Cattle cryptosporidiosis cases constituted 7 (41.2%) of 17 examined, and goat cases 3 (42.9%) of 7 examined. Species characterizations were performed on the small subunit of the rRNA gene using both PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis. Most of the human isolates were mixtures of C. hominis and C. parvum genotypes and similar PCR-RFLP patterns were observed in cattle and goat isolates. However, sequence analyses identified only C. hominis in all isolates examined. The natural infection of cattle and goats with C. hominis is a new and unique finding in the present study. It is suggested that human cryptosporidiosis in the studied area is caused by mixtures of C. hominis and C. parvum oocysts originating from both inhabitants and domestic animals.

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A survey of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children on western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea: Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Taek Han, Won-Hee Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Lip Kim, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(4):129-134.
Published online December 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.4.129

Abstract
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To determine the status of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children living on western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea, children (3-10 years) in 39 kindergartens and primary schools were examined using the cello-tape anal swab method, during July and August 2000. Of 1,661 children examined, 307 (18.5%) were found to be positive for E. vermicularis eggs. The highest infection rate (59.3%) was found in a kindergarten and a branch school of Shinyang primary school on Chujado, Jeju-do (Province). Remarkable differences in egg positive rates were observed in different localities. The egg positive rate for boys (21.3%) was significantly higher than that of girls (15.4%) (P = 0.02). However, positive rates were not significantly dependent on age. The results of the present study show that E. vermicularis infection is highly prevalent among pre-school and primary school children living on the western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea, and indicate the need for efforts to control this infection.

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Laboratory passage and characterization of an isolate of Toxoplasma gondii from an ocular patient in Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Aifen Lin, Eun-Hee Shin, Myoung-Don Oh, Eun-Taek Han, Ho-Woo Nam, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(3):147-154.
Published online September 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.3.147

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were isolated from the blood of an ocular patient, and have been successfully passaged in the laboratory, for over a year, by peritoneal inoculation in mice. The isolated parasite was designated the Korean Isolate-1 (KI-1) and its characteristics were compared with those of the RH strain, a well-known virulent strain originating from a child who suffered from encephalitis. The morphology, pathogenicity, infectivity and cell culture characteristics of the KI-1 were similar to those of the RH strain. Both RH and KI-1 antigens were detected by an anti-T. gondii monoclonal antibody (mAb), Tg563, against the major surface protein SAG1 (30 kDa), whereas no reaction was observed against an anti-Neospora caninum mAb, 12B4. The KI-1 was confirmed as an isolate of T. gondii. A long-term laboratory maintenance and characterization of a local T. gondii isolate is reported for the first time in the Republic of Korea.

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Brief Communication

Identification of Acanthotrema felis (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae encysted in the brackish water fish Acanthogobius flavimanus: Woon-Mok Sohn, Eun-Taek Han, Min Seo, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(2):101-105.
Published online June 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.2.101

Abstract
PDF

The metacercariae of Acanthotrema felis Sohn et al., 2003 (Digenea: Heterophyidae) were discovered in a species of the brackish water fish, Acanthogobius flavimanus, in the Republic of Korea. They were experimentally fed to kittens, and adult flukes were harvested 7 days later. The adults were morphologically characterized by the presence of a bipartite seminal vesicle, the ventral sucker associated with a ventrogenital sac enclosing 3 sclerites (2 long and pointed, and 1 short and thumb-like), and an unarmed gonotyl. The adult flukes were identified as A. felis Sohn et al., 2003, and the brackish water fish A. flavimanus has been verified as one of its second intermediate hosts.

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Echinostoma hortense and Heterophyid Metacercariae Encysted in Yellowfin Goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, from Shinan-gun and Muan-gun (Jeollanam-do), Korea
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(3): 307. CrossRef
Heterophyid metacercarial infections in brackish water fishes from Jinju-man (Bay), Kyongsangnam-do, Korea
Do Gyun Kim, Tong-Soo Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hyeon-Je Song, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(1): 7. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2005; 43(4): 161. CrossRef

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Original Article

Tegumental ultrastructure of the juvenile and adult Himasthla alincia (Digenea: Echinostomatidae): Eun-Taek Han, Kye-Young Han, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(1):17-25.
Published online March 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.1.17

Abstract
PDF

The tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Himasthla alincia (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. One-, 5- (juveniles) and 20-day-old worms (adults) were harvested from chicks experimentally fed metacercariae from a bivalve, Mactra veneriformis. The juvenile worms were elongated and curved ventrally. The head crown bore 31 collar spines, arranged in a single row. The lip of the oral sucker had 12 paired, and 3 single type I sensory papillae, and the ventral sucker had about 25 type II sensory papillae. The anterolateral surface between the two suckers was densely packed with tegumental spines with 4-7 pointed tips. The adult worms were more elongated and filamentous, and had severe transverse folds over the whole body surface. On the head crown and two suckers, type I and II sensory papillae were more densely distributed than in the juvenile worms. Retractile brush-like spines, with 8-10 digits, were seen on the anterolateral surface, whereas claw-shaped spines, with 2-5 digits, were sparsely distributed posteriorly to the ventral sucker. The cirrus characteristically protruded out, and was armed with small spines distally. The surface ultrastructure of H. alincia was shown to be unique among echinostomes, especially in the digitation of its tegumental spines, the distribution of sensory papillae and by severe folds of the tegument.

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Brief Communication

Apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) gene sequences of re-emerging Plasmodium vivax in South Korea: Eun-Taek Han, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Hee Shin, Min-Ho Choi, Myoung-Don Oh, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2002;40(3):157-162.
Published online September 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2002.40.3.157

Abstract
PDF

Plasmodium vivax malaria re-emerged in South Korea in 1993, and epidemics continue since then. We examined genetic variation in the region encompassing the apical membrane antigen-1 (PvAMA-1) of the parasites by DNA sequencing of the 22 re-emerging P. vivax isolates. The genotype of the PvAMA-1, which was based on sequence data previously reported for the polymorphic regions, showed that two haplotypes were present at one polymorphic site. Compared with reported data, the two types, SKOR type I and type II, were similar to Chinese CH-10A and CH-05A isolates, respectively. Thus, the present study showed that two genotypes of AMA-1 genes coexist in the re-emerging Korean P. vivax.

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Ashley Godoy, Kevin Euceda, Alejandra Pinto, Hugo O. Valdivia, Lesly Chaver, Gloria Ardon, Gustavo Fontecha
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Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Causing Epidemic Malaria in the Republic of Korea
Young Yil Bahk, Jeonga Kim, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(6): 545. CrossRef
Genotyping of Plasmodium vivax by minisatellite marker and its application in differentiating relapse and new infection
Ram Das, Ramesh C. Dhiman, Deepali Savargaonkar, Anupkumar R. Anvikar, Neena Valecha
Malaria Journal.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Population genetic structure and natural selection of apical membrane antigen-1 in Plasmodium vivax Korean isolates
Jung-Mi Kang, Jinyoung Lee, Pyo-Yun Cho, Sung-Ung Moon, Hye-Lim Ju, Seong Kyu Ahn, Woon-Mok Sohn, Hyeong-Woo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na
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Genetic variation and recurrent parasitaemia in Peruvian Plasmodium vivax populations
Andrea M McCollum, Valeria Soberon, Carola J Salas, Meddly L Santolalla, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Ananias A Escalante, Paul CF Graf, Salomon Durand, Cesar Cabezas, David J Bacon
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Sedigheh Zakeri, Hengameh Sadeghi, Akram Abouie Mehrizi, Navid Dinparast Djadid
Acta Tropica.2013; 126(3): 269. CrossRef
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in Honduras
Ana Cecilia Lopez, Andres Ortiz, Jorge Coello, Wilfredo Sosa-Ochoa, Rosa E Mejia Torres, Engels I Banegas, Irina Jovel, Gustavo A Fontecha
Malaria Journal.2012;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic diversity of the malaria vaccine candidate merozoite surface protein 1 gene of Plasmodium vivax field isolates in Republic of Korea
Eun-Taek Han, Yue Wang, Chae Seung Lim, Jun Hwi Cho, Jong-Yil Chai
Parasitology Research.2011; 109(6): 1571. CrossRef
CD8+T-cell Activation in Mice Injected with a Plasmid DNA Vaccine Encoding AMA-1 of the Reemerging KoreanPlasmodium vivax
Hyo-Jin Kim, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jin-Joo Lee, Kyoung-Ho Pyo, Tae Yun Kim, Byung-il Choi, Tae Woo Kim, Hajime Hisaeda, Kunisuke Himeno, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
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Molecular markers and genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax
Cristiana Ferreira Alves de Brito, Marcelo Urbano Ferreira
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2011; 106(suppl 1): 12. CrossRef
Genetic Characteristics of Polymorphic Antigenic Markers among Korean Isolates of Plasmodium vivax
Seung-Young Hwang, So-Hee Kim, Weon-Gyu Kho
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S51. CrossRef
Plasmodium vivax: Sequence polymorphism and effect of natural selection at apical membrane antigen 1 (PvAMA1) among Indian population
Ankur Thakur, Mohammad Tauqeer Alam, Hema Bora, Punit Kaur, Yagya D. Sharma
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Polymorphism at the apical membrane antigen 1 locus reflects the world population history of Plasmodium vivax
Priscila Grynberg, Cor Jesus F Fontes, Austin L Hughes, Érika M Braga
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Vidya Rajesh, M. Elamaran, S. Vidya, M. Gowrishankar, Dhanpat Kochar, Ashis Das
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Weon-Gyu Kho
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Reemerging vivax malaria: changing patterns of annual incidence and control programs in the Republic of Korea
Eun-Taek Han, Duk-Hyoung Lee, Ki-Dong Park, Won-Seok Seok, Young-Soo Kim, Takafumi Tsuboi, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(4): 285. CrossRef

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Case Report

Diphyllobothrium latum infection after eating domestic salmon flesh: Kyung Won Lee, Hyo-Chung Suhk, Ki-Soo Pai, Ho-Jun Shin, Suk-Yul Jung, Eun-Taek Han, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(4):319-321.
Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.4.319

Abstract
PDF

Diphyllobothrium latum infection in human is not common in Korea and only thirty seven cases have been reported since 1921. We report two cases of fish tapeworm infection after Ingestion of raw cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) caught in the domestic river. Among four family members who ate together raw salmon flesh six months ago, just two, mother and daughter, were infected. It is our expectation that the salmon associated tapeworm infections would be enlisted as one of the major parasitic problems with the growing consumption of salmon in Korea.

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Original Articles

A nationwide survey of the prevalence of human Gymnophalloides seoi infection on western and southern coastal islands in the Republic of Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Kwang-Seon Hong, Han-Jong Rim, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):23-30.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.23

Abstract
PDF

A nationwide survey was performed to know the distribution and prevalence of human Gymnophalloides seoi infection on western and southern coastal islands in the Republic of Korea. A total of 4,178 fecal specimens were collected from residents on 45 (24 western and 21 southern) islands, and examined by Kato-Katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. Eggs of G. seoi were detected from 160 (3.8%) people living on 22 (13 western and 9 southern) islands. The prevalence varied by the location of islands; higher on western islands than on southern islands. The highest prevalence was found on Amtaedo (25.3%), followed by Cheungdo (25.0%), and Anchwado (20.9%) (Shinan-gun). A little lower prevalence was observed on Munyodo (13.3%), Shinshido (12.9%), and Sonyudo (10.3%) (Kunsan-shi). Of the remaining islands, the regions showing the prevalence greater than 5% included Kohado, Dallido (Mokpo-shi), Pyeongildo, Kogumdo (Wando-gun), and Keogumdo (Kohung-gun). A strong age predilection was noted (p < 0.05); 95% of the infected people were over 40 years old. Females showed a little higher prevalence than males. The results indicate that human G. seoi infection is more widely distributed than previously considered. Nine of 11 islands (excluding the 2 known areas Munyodo and Sunyudo) that showed greater prevalence than 5% are regarded as new endemic foci of G. seoi.

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A potential zoonotic parasite, the digenean Gymnophalloides nacellae, on the Magellanic coast in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean: its life cycle and geographical distribution
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Polar Biology.2020; 43(6): 725. CrossRef
Survey of Gymnophalloides seoi Metacercariae in Natural and Cultured Oysters from Several Western Coastal Areas, Korea
Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Jaeeun Cho, Sooji Hong, Keon-Hoon Lee, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Jisu Kang, Jini Lim, Hana Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 705. CrossRef
Prevalence and Density of Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Clams and Oysters from Western Coastal Regions of the Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(4): 399. CrossRef
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Young-Il Lee, Ok-Sik Chung, Min Seo
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Min Seo, Adauto Araujo, Karl Reinhard, Jong Yil Chai, Dong Hoon Shin
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Increased Intestinal Epithelial Cell Turnover and Intestinal Motility in Gymnophalloides seoi-Infected C57BL/6 Mice
Sang Hyub Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(3): 273. CrossRef
A Survey of Intestinal Parasite Infection during a 10-Year Period (2003-2012)
Young-Eun Kim, Hee Jae Huh, Yu-Yean Hwang, Nam Yong Lee
Annals of Clinical Microbiology.2013; 16(3): 134. CrossRef
Sixteenth CenturyGymnophalloides seoiInfection on the Coast of the Korean Peninsula
Dong Hoon Shin, Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Ju Ji, Hye-Jung Lee, Min Seo
Journal of Parasitology.2012; 98(6): 1283. CrossRef
Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia
Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S69. CrossRef
Trends in parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea
Eun-Hee Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Hyo-Jin Kim, Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
Trends in Parasitology.2008; 24(3): 143. CrossRef
Gymnophalloides seoi Eggs from the Stool of a 17th Century Female Mummy Found in Hadong, Republic of Korea
Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Chang Seok Oh, Eun-Joo Lee, Myung Ho Shin, Myeung Ju Kim, Soong Deok Lee, Yi-Suk Kim, Yang Su Yi, Mark Spigelman, Jong-Yil Chai
Journal of Parasitology.2008; 94(2): 467. CrossRef
A new endemic focus of Gymnophalloides seoi infection on Aphae Island, Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do
Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Hyo-Jin Kim, Jae-Lip Kim, Min Seo, Yun-Kyu Park, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(1): 39. CrossRef
Prevalence of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in coastal villages of Haenam-gun and Yeongam-gun, Republic of Korea
Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Aifen Lin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(1): 1. CrossRef
A survey of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children on western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea
Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Taek Han, Won-Hee Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Lip Kim, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2005; 43(4): 129. CrossRef
Gymnophalloides seoi: a new human intestinal trematode
Jong-Yil Chai, Min-Ho Choi, Jae-Ran Yu, Soon-Hyung Lee
Trends in Parasitology.2003; 19(3): 109. CrossRef
Food-borne intestinal trematode infections in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee
Parasitology International.2002; 51(2): 129. CrossRef
A review of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections in the Republic of Korea
Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(2): 85. CrossRef

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Persistent endemicity of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in a southwestern coastal village of Korea with special reference to its egg laying capacity in the human host: Jong-Yil Chai, Geun Chan Lee, Yun-Kyu Park, Eun-Taek Han, Min Seo, Jin Kim, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Min-Ho Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(2):51-57.
Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.51

Abstract
PDF

Follow-up studies have been conducted every three years on the endemicity of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in a small coastal village of Chollanam-do (Province), Korea, since it was first known as an endemic area in 1994. Special attention was given to its egg laying capacity in the human host. In fecal examinations, the overall helminth egg and/or cyst positive rate was 78.7% (74/94) in 1997 and 76.6% (82/107) in 2000. Among them G. seoi eggs showed the highest rate; 71.3% (67/94) in 1997 and 72.0% (77/107) in 2000. The average number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) was 1,015 in 1997, while a reduced rate of 353 was observed in 2000. In 1997, total of 320,677 adult flukes of G. seoi (av. 10,344/person, 94-69,125 in range) were collected from the diarrheic stools of 31 treated patients. The EPG/worm obtained from 21 cases ranged from 0.04 to 0.77 (av. 0.23), suggesting density-dependent constraints on the worm fecundity. The relationship between the worm burden (X) and EPG/worm (Y) can be expressed as Y=0.42 ·e^-1.2χ (r=0.49). The results showed that G. seoi infection is persistently endemic in this village.

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A potential zoonotic parasite, the digenean Gymnophalloides nacellae, on the Magellanic coast in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean: its life cycle and geographical distribution
Carmen Gilardoni, Gisele Di Giorgio, Estefanía Bagnato, Susana Pina, Pedro Rodrigues, Florencia Cremonte
Polar Biology.2020; 43(6): 725. CrossRef
Survey of Gymnophalloides seoi Metacercariae in Natural and Cultured Oysters from Several Western Coastal Areas, Korea
Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Jaeeun Cho, Sooji Hong, Keon-Hoon Lee, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Jisu Kang, Jini Lim, Hana Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 705. CrossRef
Current status of food-borne trematode infections
R. Toledo, J. G. Esteban, B. Fried
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2012; 31(8): 1705. CrossRef
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Rafael Toledo, M. Dolores Bernal, Antonio Marcilla
Journal of Proteomics.2011; 74(9): 1485. CrossRef
Surveys of Gynaecotyla squatarolae and Microphallus koreana (Digenea: Microphallidae) Metacercariae in Two Species of Estuarine Crabs in Western Coastal Areas, Korea
Hye Jung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Jin-Woo Lee, Ho Jin, Kwan-Hong Min, Yong-Jun Cho, Min Seo
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2010; 48(1): 81. CrossRef
Intestinal Helminth Infections in Feral Cats and a Raccoon Dog on Aphaedo Island, Shinan-gun, with a Special Note on Gymnophalloides seoi Infection in Cats
Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Lip Kim, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(2): 189. CrossRef
Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia
Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S69. CrossRef
A survey of Heterophyes nocens and Pygidiopsis summa metacercariae in mullets and gobies along the coastal areas of the Republic of Korea
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(3): 205. CrossRef
A new endemic focus of Heterophyes nocens and other heterophyid infections in a coastal area of Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do
Jae-Hwan Park, Jae-Lip Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Yun-Kyu Park, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(1): 33. CrossRef
A new endemic focus of Gymnophalloides seoi infection on Aphae Island, Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do
Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Hyo-Jin Kim, Jae-Lip Kim, Min Seo, Yun-Kyu Park, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(1): 39. CrossRef
Collection of Clonorchis sinensis adult worms from infected humans after praziquantel treatment
Chenghua Shen, Jae-hwan Kim, Jeong-Keun Lee, Young Mee Bae, Min-Ho Choi, Jin-Kyoung Oh, Min Kyung Lim, Hai-Rim Shin, Sung-Tae Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(2): 149. CrossRef
Prevalence of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in coastal villages of Haenam-gun and Yeongam-gun, Republic of Korea
Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Aifen Lin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(1): 1. CrossRef
A case of colonic lymphoid tissue invasion by Gymnophalloides seoi in a Korean man
Min Seo, Hokyung Chun, Geunghwan Ahn, Kee-Taek Jang, Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(1): 87. CrossRef
Gymnophalloides seoi: a new human intestinal trematode
Jong-Yil Chai, Min-Ho Choi, Jae-Ran Yu, Soon-Hyung Lee
Trends in Parasitology.2003; 19(3): 109. CrossRef
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Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee
Parasitology International.2002; 51(2): 129. CrossRef
Stictodora lari (Digenea: Heterophyidae): The Discovery of the First Human Infections
J-Y. Chai, E-T. Han, Y-K. Park, S-M. Guk, J-H. Park, S-H. Lee
Journal of Parasitology.2002; 88(3): 627. CrossRef
A review of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections in the Republic of Korea
Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(2): 85. CrossRef
A nationwide survey of the prevalence of human Gymnophalloides seoi infection on western and southern coastal islands in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Kwang-Seon Hong, Han-Jong Rim, Soon-Hyung Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(1): 23. CrossRef

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Surface ultrastructure of Metagonimus takahashii metacercariae and adults: Jong-Yil Chai, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Taek Han, Min Seo, Eun-Hee Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Yil Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(1):9-15.
Published online March 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.1.9

Abstract
PDF

A scanning electron microscopic study was performed on the surface ultrastructure of metacercariae and adults of Metagonimus takahashii. Metacercariae were collected from the scale of crucian carp (Carassius auratus), and adult flukes were harvested 1-4 weeks after infection to rats. In excysted metacercariae, the oral sucker had type I (numerous) and type II (seven in total) sensory papillae. Tegumental spines were dense and digitated into 5-7 points on the surface anterior to the ventral sucker, but became sparse and less digitated posteriorly toward the end of the body. In adults, seven type II sensory papillae were characteristically arranged around the lip of the oral sucker, and on the inner side of the lip four small and two large type I sensory papillae were symmetrically seen on each side (12 in total). Tegumental spines on anterior two-thirds of the body, were digitated with 9-12 tips ventrally and 8-13 tips dorsally. Sperms entering into the Laurer's canal were observed. The results show that the surface ultrastructure of M. takahashii is generally similar to those of M. yokogawai and M. miyatai except for the digitation of tegumental spines.

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Brief Communication

High endemicity of Metagonimus yokogawai infection among residents of Samchok-shi, Kangwon-do: Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Taek Han, Yun-Kyu Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Lip Kim, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(1):33-36.
Published online March 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.1.33

Abstract
PDF

A small-scale epidemiological survey was undertaken during 1997-1998 on the residents along the Osib-chon (Stream), Samchok-shi (City), Kangwon-do (Province), to evaluate the status of Metagonimus yokogawai infection. A total of 165 fecal samples was collected and examined by cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. The egg positive rate of M. yokogawai was 29.7%, showing a remarkable difference between males (46.6%) and females (16.3%). To obtain the adult flukes of M. yokogawai, 11 egg positive persons were treated with praziquantel and purged with magnesium sulfate. A total of 242,119 adult flukes (average 22,010 per person, 367-119,650 in range) was collected from diarrheic stools, all of which were identified as M. yokogawai. The results show that M. yokogawai is still highly endemic in this area.

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Original Article

Two endemic foci of heterophyids and other intestinal fluke infections in southern and western coastal areas in Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Tae-Eui Song, Eun-Taek Han, Sang-Mee Guk, Yun-Kyu Park, Min-Ho Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(3):155-161.
Published online September 30, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.3.155

Abstract
PDF

Two endemic foci of heterophyid infections were discovered in coastal villages of Puan-gun, Chollabuk-do, and Sachon-gun. Kyongsangnam-do, Korea. Fecal examinations were performed on 153 inhabitants of Puan-gun and 138 of Sachon-gun, using cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The helminth egg and/or protozoan cyst positive rate was 21.5% (33/153) in Puan-gun and 39.1% (54/138) in Sachon-gun. In Puan-gun, the egg positive rate of heterophyids was the highest, 17.6%, and that of other parasites was 0.7-2.6% by parasite species. In Sachon-gun, that of heterophyids was 18.8%, followed by Clonorchis sinensis (12.3%), and other parasites (0.7-5.0%). Twenth-two (Puan-gun) and six (Sachon-gun) heterophyid egg positive cases were treated with praziquantel, and adult flukes were collected from their diarrheic stools. A total of 3,284 adult flukes of Heterophyes nocens was collected from all of the 22 patients treated in Puan-gun (3-778 individually), and other trematodes were also collected from 2-15 patients: Pygidiopsis summa, Stellantchasmus falcalus, Metagonimus yokogawai, M. miyatai, Stictodora fuscata, Heterophyopsis continua, Acanthoparyphium kurogamo, and Gymnophalloides seoi. In Sachon-gun, M. yokogawai (3,007 specimens), H. nocens (120), and S. falcatus (46) were collected from 5 of 6 treated patients, and H. continua and S. lari each from one patient. The present study revealed that heterophyid flukes, especially H. nocens and M. yokogawai, are prevalent in the southern and western coastal areas of Korea where fresh and/or brackish water fishes are popularly eaten raw.

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