Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Jin Jeon"

Brief Communication

Strain-dependent immune responses reveal a critical role of IL-17A in defense against Balamuthia mandrillaris: Yu Jin Jeong, Dong Gyu Han, Mi Kyung Park, Seo Yeong Choi, Shin Ae Kang, Hak Sun Yu; Parasites Hosts Dis 2025;63(4):371-377.
Published online November 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.25066

Abstract
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Balamuthia mandrillaris is a causative agent of granulomatous amebic encephalitis, a rare but often fatal condition. To investigate the role of T helper (Th) cell subsets in the immune response against B. mandrillaris, we examined 3 mouse strains with distinct immunological profiles: C57BL/6 (Th1-dominant), BALB/c (Th2-dominant), and ICR (balanced Th1/Th2). Mice were infected intranasally with 1×10⁵ amoebae. Body weight and neurologic symtoms were monitored weekly, and cytokine expression was assessed biweekly over 6 weeks. Minimal weight loss and no mortality were observed in C57BL/6 mice, whereas BALB/c and ICR mice exhibited significant early and delayed mortality, respectively. Interleukin-17A expression was notably elevated in C57BL/6 mice compared with the other strains. These findings indicate that a robust Th17 response, particularly interleukin-17A production, is a critical component of the host defense against B. mandrillaris infection.

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Original Article

Presence and diversity of free-living amoebae and their potential application as water quality indicators: Areum Choi, Ji Won Seong, Jeong Hyun Kim, Jun Young Lee, Hyun Jae Cho, Shin Ae Kang, Mi Kyung Park, Mi Jin Jeong, Seo Yeong Choi, Yu Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(2):180-192.
Published online May 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.24020

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are found in diverse environments, such as soils, rivers, and seas. Hence, they can be used as bioindicators to assess the water quality based solely on their presence. In this study, we determined the presence of FLA in river water by filtering water samples collected from various sites and culturing the resulting filtrates. FLA were detected in all the water samples with varying quality grades (Grades Ι-V). The significant increase in the size of the amoebae population with the deterioration in the water quality. Monoxenic cultures of the amoebae were performed, and genomic DNAs were isolated, among which 18S rDNAs were sequenced to identify the amoeba species. Of the 12 species identified, 10 belonged to the Acanthamoeba genus; of the remaining 2 species, one was identified as Vannella croatica and the other as a species of Vermamoeba. Acanthamoeba was detected in samples with Grades Ι to VI quality, whereas the Vermamoeba species was present only in Grade Ι water. V. croatica was found exclusively in water with Grade ΙΙ quality. Following morphological observations, genomic DNA was sequenced using 16S rDNA to determine whether the species of Acanthamoeba harbored endosymbionts. Most of the isolated Acanthamoeba contained endosymbionts, among which 4 species of endogenous bacteria were identified and examined using transmission electron microscopy. This study provides evidence that the distribution of amoebae other than Acanthamoeba may be associated with water quality. However, further confirmation will be required based on accurate water quality ratings and assessments using a more diverse range of FLA.

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Microbial community structure and pathogen persistence in tropical drinking water distribution systems: the role of seasonality and treatment
Youri Vingataramin, Isaure Quétel, Nina Allouch, Isabel Marcelino
Total Environment Microbiology.2026; 2(1): 100059. CrossRef
Isolation of Acanthamoeba Species and Bacterial Symbiont Variability in Puna Salt Plains, Argentina
Ronnie Mooney, Kiri Rodgers, Sandro Carnicelli, Matías E. Carnevale, Maria Eugenia Farias, Fiona L. Henriquez
Environmental Microbiology Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Identifying Promising Novel Compounds Against Free-Living Amoebae: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Beni Jequicene Mussengue Chaúque, Thaisla Cristiane Borella da Silva, Luiza Bernardes Chagas, Letícia F. G. Kinape, Paula Eliete Rodrigues Bitencourt, Custódio José Gaspar, Alexandre Coelho Borges Cheinquer, Marilise Brittes Rott, Régis Adriel Zanette, Jo
Parasitologia.2025; 5(4): 56. CrossRef
The Microbial Trojan Horse and Antimicrobial Resistance: Acanthamoeba as an Environmental Reservoir for Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
Ronnie Mooney, Erin Corbett, Elisa Giammarini, Kiri Rodgers, Carla Donet, Ernest Mui, Arhama T. A. Ansari, Ayush Ransingh, Pradnya S. Vernekar, Harleen K. Walia, Jyoti Sharma, John Connolly, Andrew Hursthouse, Suparna Mukherji, Soumyo Mukherji, Fiona L. H
Environmental Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Le monde fascinant des amibes libres, des protistes aux multiples facettes
Aurélie Delumeau, Nina Allouch, Isaure Quétel, Virginie Nerrière, Isabel Marcelino
médecine/sciences.2025; 41(10): 743. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Phylogenetic Characteristics of Fasciola hepatica Isolated from a Korean Patient: Mi Jin Jeong, Jae Kyun Park, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(5):367-370.
Published online October 21, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.5.367

Abstract
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Fascioliasis is a parasitic infection caused by liver flukes. Although several cases have been reported in Korea, phylogenetic analysis of isolates is lacking. In this study, a 66-year-old woman with right upper quadrant (RUQ) abdominal pain was diagnosed as fascioliasis involving abdominal muscle by imaging study. She received praziquantel treatment, but symptoms were not improved. Lateral movement of the abscess lesion was followed. Trematode parasite was surgically removed from the patient’s rectus abdominis muscle. The fluke was identified as Fasciola hepatica based on sequence analysis of 18S rDNA. To determine the phylogenetic position of this Fasciola strain (named Korean Fasciola 1; KF1), the cox1 gene (273 bp) was analyzed and compared with the genes of 17 F. hepatica strains isolated from cows, sheep, goats, and humans from various countries. Phylogenetic analysis showed that KF1 was closely related with the isolates from China goat.

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Toxocara canis and Fasciola hepatica Co-Infection Leading to Hepatic Abscess: A Case Report
Seung Wan Kim, Byoung Kuk Jang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

An Evaluation of a New Quantitative Point-of Care Diagnostic to Measure Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity: Young Yil Bahk, Seong Kyu Ahn, Heung Jin Jeon, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Keun Lee, Ho-Joon Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(4):281-288.
Published online August 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.4.281

Abstract
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Malaria continues to be one of the most crucial infectious burdens in endemic areas worldwide, as well as for travelers visiting malaria transmission regions. It has been reported that 8-aminoquinolines are effective against the Plasmodium species, particularly primaquine, for anti-hypnozoite therapy in P. vivax malaria. However, primaquine causes acute hemolytic anemia in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Therefore, G6PD deficiency testing should precede hypnozoite elimination with 8-aminoquinoline. Several point-of-care devices have been developed to detect G6PD deficiency. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a novel, quantitative G6PD diagnostics based on a metagenomic blue fluorescent protein (mBFP). We comparatively evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the G6PD diagnostic modality with standard methods using 120 human whole blood samples. The G6PD deficiency was spectrophotometrically confirmed. The performance of the G6PD quantitative test kit was compared with that of a licensed control medical device, the G6PD strip. The G6PD quantitative test kit had a sensitivity of 95% (95% confidence interval (CI): 89.3-100%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 94.3-100%). This study shows that the novel diagnostic G6PD quantitative test kit could be a cost-effective and time-efficient, and universally mandated screening tool for G6PD deficiency.

Citations

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Performance of quantitative point-of-care tests to measure G6PD activity: An individual participant data meta-analysis
Arkasha Sadhewa, Ari Winasti Satyagraha, Mohammad Shafiul Alam, Wondimagegn Adissu, Anup Anvikar, Germana Bancone, Praveen K. Bharti, Vinod K. Bhutani, Santasabuj Das, Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid, Mohammad Sharif Hossain, Nitika Nitika, Bernard A. Okech, Ly
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2025; 19(3): e0012864. CrossRef
Utilization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Test and the Prevalence of Enzyme Deficiency in Korea
Rihwa Choi, Wonseo Park, Gayoung Chun, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(9): 3179. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Phylogenetic Positioning of a Strongyloides stercoralis Isolate Recovered from a Korean Patient and Comparison with Other Asian Isolates: Jaeho Bae, Mi Jin Jeong, Dong hoon Shin, Hyun Woo Kim, Sung Ho Ahn, Jun Ho Choi, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(6):689-694.
Published online December 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.689

Abstract
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Strongyloidiasis is caused by Strongyloides stercoralis and is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in tropical and subtropical regions. Although several strongyloidiasis cases have been reported in Korea, genetic analysis of Korean isolates is still incomplete. In this study, a parasite was isolated from a 61-year-old man diagnosed with strongyloidiasis during the treatment of lymphoma on his retroperitoneal lymph node. Diffuse symmetric wall thickening from the ascending to descending colon and a nematode-infected intestine was observed following microscopic examination. Genomic DNA was isolated from a patient tissue block, and S. stercoralis was identified by PCR and sequencing (18S rDNA). In order to determine phylogenetic location of a Korean isolate (named KS1), we analyzed cox1 gene (500-bp) and compared it with that from 47 previous S. stercoralis isolates (28 human isolates and 19 canid isolates) from Asian countries. Our results showed that phylogenetic tree could clearly be divided into 5 different groups according to hosts and regions. KS1 was most closely related with the Chinese isolates in terms of genetic distance.

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Comparison of different PCR amplification targets for molecular diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis
F. Marquet, N. Mora, R.N. Incani, J. Jesus, N. Méndez, R. Mujica, H. Trosel, E. Ferrer
Journal of Helminthology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Seropositivity Rates of Strongyloides stercoralis Antibody in the Southeastern Region of Republic of Korea: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Taehwa Kim, Seungjin Lim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(3): 181. CrossRef

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Case Reports

A Case of Pentastomiasis at the Left Maxilla Bone in a Patient with Thyroid Cancer: Eunae Sandra Cho, Seung Wook Jung, Hwi-Dong Jung, In Yong Lee, Tai-Soon Yong, Su Jin Jeong, Hyun Sil Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(4):433-437.
Published online August 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.433

Abstract
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Pentastomiasis, a zoonotic parasite infection, is typically found in the respiratory tract and viscera of the host, including humans. Here, we report for the first time an extremely rare case of intraosseous pentastomiasis in the human maxilla suffering from medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). A 55-year-old male had continuously visited the hospital for MRONJ which had primarily developed after bisphosphonate and anti-neoplastic administration for previous bone metastasis of medullary thyroid cancer. Pain, bone exposure, and pus discharge in the right mandible and left maxilla were seen. Osteolysis with maxillary cortical bone perforation at the left buccal vestibule, palate, nasal cavity, and maxillary sinus was observed by radiologic images. A biopsy was done at the left maxilla and through pathological evaluation, a parasite with features of pentastome was revealed within the necrotic bone tissue. Further history taking and laboratory evaluation was done. The parasite was suspected to be infected through maxillary open wounds caused by MRONJ. Awareness of intraosseous pentastomiasis should be emphasized not to be missed behind the MRONJ. Proper evaluation and interpretation for past medical history may lead to correct differential diagnosis and therapeutic intervention for parasite infections.

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Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series
Filipa Frutuoso, Filipe Freitas, Miguel Vilares, Helena Francisco, Duarte Marques, João Caramês, André Moreira
Diseases.2024; 12(9): 205. CrossRef
Cancerogenic parasites in veterinary medicine: a narrative literature review
Niccolò Fonti, Francesca Parisi, Francesca Mancianti, Giulia Freer, Alessandro Poli
Infectious Agents and Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Morphological and molecular description of Armillifer moniliformis larvae isolated from Sri Lankan brown palm civet (Paradoxurus montanus)
C. Rajapaksha, A. P. Amarasinghe, S. Fernando, R. P. V. J. Rajapakse, D. Tappe, S. Wickramasinghe
Parasitology Research.2020; 119(3): 773. CrossRef
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Damien Costa, Pascal Rottenberg, Emmanuel Toure, Pascal Delaunay, Loic Favennec, Gilles Gargala, Erik Munson
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Andhika Yudhantama Subroto, I Komang Wiarsa Sardjana, Moh Sukmanadi, E Djoko Poetranto, Kusnoto Kusnoto, Agus Sunarso
Journal of Parasite Science.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Strongyloidiasis in a Diabetic Patient Accompanied by Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: Cause of Eosinophilia Unresponsive to Steroid Therapy: Eun Jeong Won, Jin Jeon, Young-Il Koh, Dong Wook Ryang; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(2):223-226.
Published online April 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.223

Abstract
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We report here a case of strongyloidiasis in a 72-year-old diabetic patient (woman) accompanied by gastrointestinal stromal tumor receiving imatinib therapy, first diagnosed as hypereosinophilic syndrome and treated with steroids for uncontrolled eosinophilia. She suffered from lower back pain and intermittent abdominal discomfort with nausea and diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. After post-operative imatinib treatment eosinophilia persisted, so that steroid therapy was started under an impression of hypereosinophilic syndrome. In spite of 6 months steroid therapy, eosinophilia persisted. Stool examination was performed to rule out intestinal helminth infections. Rhabditoid larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were detected and the patient was diagnosed as strongyloidiasis. This diagnosis was confirmed again by PCR. The patient was treated with albendazole for 14 days and her abdominal pain and diarrhea improved. This case highlights the need for thorough investigation, including molecular approaches, to test for strongyloidiasis before and during steroid therapies.

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Global prevalence and correlation of intestinal parasitic infections in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Maryam Hataminejad, Bahareh Basirpour, Melika Baharlou, Masoumeh Gholami Koohestan, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Shirzad Gholami, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Reza Saberi
BMC Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A case of disseminated strongyloidiasis diagnosed by worms in the urinary sediment
Young-Ha Lee
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From past to present: opportunities and trends in the molecular detection and diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis
Abigail Hui En Chan, Urusa Thaenkham
Parasites & Vectors.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Seropositivity Rates of Strongyloides stercoralis Antibody in the Southeastern Region of Republic of Korea: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Taehwa Kim, Seungjin Lim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(3): 181. CrossRef
Importance of detection of Strongyloides stercoralis DNA in fecal samples from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Márcia Carolina Mazzaro, Émelin Alves dos Santos, Gessica Baptista de Melo, Priscila Duarte Marques, Laura Vilela Souza, Jefferson Elias-Oliveira, Bruna Campos da Silva, Ronaldo César Borges Gryschek, Fabiana Martins de Paula, Rosângela Maria Rodrigues
Clinics.2022; 77: 100060. CrossRef
Phylogenetic Positioning of a Strongyloides stercoralis Isolate Recovered from a Korean Patient and Comparison with Other Asian Isolates
Jaeho Bae, Mi Jin Jeong, Dong hoon Shin, Hyun Woo Kim, Sung Ho Ahn, Jun Ho Choi, Hak Sun Yu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 689. CrossRef
Report of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service on Clinical Parasitology (2018–2019)
Suhak Jeon, Eun Jeong Won, Yu Jeong Lee, Moon-Ju Kim, Myung Geun Shin, Jong Hee Shin
Journal of Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance.2020; 42(4): 177. CrossRef
Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-based review
Alireza Ashiri, Molouk Beiromvand, Abdollah Khanzadeh
Clinical Rheumatology.2019; 38(11): 3093. CrossRef
Strongyloidiasis Current Status with Emphasis in Diagnosis and Drug Research
Tiago Mendes, Karen Minori, Marlene Ueta, Danilo Ciccone Miguel, Silmara Marques Allegretti
Journal of Parasitology Research.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Prevalence of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Gangwon-do, Korea: Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Won-Seok Seok, Taejoon Lee, Kyungjin Jeong, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(4):399-412.
Published online August 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.399

Abstract
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The infection status of zoonotic trematode metacercariae was investigated in a total of 2,293 freshwater fish collected from 11 rivers or streams in 9 administrative regions of Gangwon-do, Korea for 5 years (2009-2013). All fish were collected by netting methods and examined using the artificial digestion methods. Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae were detected in 4 fish species, i.e., Pungtungia herzi, Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Acheilognathus rhombeus, and Ladislabia taczanowskii, from only Hantangang in Cheorwon-gun. Metagonimus spp. metacercariae were found in 1,154 (50.3%) fish and their average number per infected fish was 55.8. Among the positive fish species, especially Tribolodon hakonensis from Namdaecheon in Yangyang-gun and Plecoglossus altivelis from Osipcheon in Samcheok-si were most heavily infected. Centrocestus armatus metacercariae were detected in 611 (26.7%) fish and the average metacercarial burden per infected fish was 1,032. Two chub species, Zacco platypus and Zacco temminckii were highly and heavily infected with C. armatus metacercariae in almost all regions surveyed. Echinostoma spp. metacercariae were also found in 24 fish from a few localities, but their numbers per fish infected were very low. From the above results, it is confirmed that the metacercariae of intestinal flukes, especially Metagonimus spp. and C. armatus, were heavily infected, while C. sinensis metacercariae were rarely found in fish from Gangwon-do, Korea.

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Assessing trends in clonorchiasis incidence via prescription data analysis in South Korea
Taeksang Lee, Jun Hyun Lee, Hanna Jin, Yun Kyung Lee, Hyun Beom Song
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Infection characteristics of Metagonimus species (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae in fish from major rivers of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 1. CrossRef
Age, period, and cohort effects of Clonorchis sinensis infection prevalence in the Republic of Korea: Insights and projections
Sung-mok Jung, Heewon Kang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sejin Ju, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jong-hun Kim, Sung Hye Kim, Ran Wang
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(10): e0012574. CrossRef
Infection Characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(2): 79. CrossRef
Current status of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis in Korea: epidemiological perspectives integrating the data from human and intermediate hosts
Won Gi Yoo, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1296. CrossRef
Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Geum-gang (River) in Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jai-Dong Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 23. CrossRef
High Endemicity with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Yongjeon-cheon (Stream) in Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Gou Ok Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 97. CrossRef
Prevalence and Infection Intensity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Soyang-cheon (Stream), in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jong-Ho Park
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 265. CrossRef
Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Irrigation Canal of Togyo-jeosuji (Reservoir) in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Eun-Joo Lim, Sung Yong Son, Eunmi Ko, Jaeseok Choi
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 427. CrossRef
Endemicity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Deokcheon-gang (River) in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jeong-Gil Park, Jihee Ahn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(5): 523. CrossRef
Fish-borne trematode infections in wild fishes in Bangladesh
Sharmin S. Labony, M. Abdul Alim, Muhammad Mehedi Hasan, Md. Shahadat Hossain, Ausraful Islam, Mohammad Zahangir Alam, Naotoshi Tsuji, Anisuzzaman
Pathogens and Global Health.2020; 114(2): 91. CrossRef
Infection Status with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Yangcheon (Stream) in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(2): 145. CrossRef
Infection Status with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Fishes from Coastal Lakes in Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Soon-Won Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 681. CrossRef
Prevalence and Intensity of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Wicheon Stream in Gunwi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Dong-Chul Son
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(1): 41. CrossRef
Infection Status with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Tamjin-gang (River) in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
Ki-Bok Yoon, Hyun-Cheol Lim, Doo Young Jeon, Sook Park, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Sung-Shik Shin, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(2): 183. CrossRef
Infection Status with Metagonimus spp. Metacercariae in Fishes from Seomjin-gang and Tamjin-gang in Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Ki-Bok Yoon
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 351. CrossRef
Infections with Centrocestus armatus Metacercariae in Fishes from Water Systems of Major Rivers in Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Ki-Bok Yoon, Jai-Dong Kim, Dong Cheol Son, Soon-Won Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 341. CrossRef
Infections with Digenean Trematode Metacercariae in Two Invasive Alien Fish, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus, in Two Rivers in Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
Seongjun Choe, Hansol Park, Dongmin Lee, Yeseul Kang, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 509. CrossRef
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC LITERATURE, 1990–2015, ON WILDLIFE-ASSOCIATED DISEASES FROM THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Jusun Hwang, Kyunglee Lee, Young-Jun Kim, Jonathan M. Sleeman, Hang Lee
Journal of Wildlife Diseases.2017; 53(1): 5. CrossRef
Metacercaria Infection Status of Fishborne Zoonotic Trematodes, Except for Clonorchis sinensis in Fish from the Heilongjiang Province, China
Jian-Hua Qiu, Ying Zhang, Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Yuan Gao, Qi Li, Qiao-Cheng Chang, Chun-Ren Wang
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2017; 14(8): 440. CrossRef
Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Seomjin-gang (River)
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Mi-Yeoun Park, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Ki-Bok Yoon, Hyun-Cheol Lim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 305. CrossRef
Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fish from Water Systems of Hantangang and Imjingang in Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Soon-Won Lee, Seung-Bong Choi, Won-Seok Seok
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(3): 289. CrossRef
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Expressed Sequence Tags of Trichinella spiralis Muscle Stage Larvae: Hae Kyung Park, Seong Won Chang, Se Won Kang, Min Kyoung Cho, Sun Hee Choi, Yeon Chul Hong, Yong Seok Lee, Hae Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):59-63.
Published online June 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.59

Abstract
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In order to obtain greater insight into the relevant genomic expression patterns of Trichinella spiralis, 992 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were collected from a cDNA library of T. spiralis muscle stage larvae and assembled into 60 clusters and 385 singletons. Of them, 445 (44.7%) ESTs were annotated to their homologous genes, and small fractions were matched to known genes of nematodes. The annotated ESTs were classified into 25 eukaryotic orthologous groups (KOG). Cytochrome C oxidase (34 clones) was found to be most frequent species.

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Characterisation of a high-frequency gene encoding a strongly antigenic cystatin-like protein from Trichinella spiralis at its early invasion stage
Bin Tang, Mingyuan Liu, Libo Wang, Shenye Yu, Haining Shi, Pascal Boireau, Vasile Cozma, Xiuping Wu, Xiaolei Liu
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A serological survey of Dirofilaria immitis infection in pet dogs of Busan, Korea, and effects of chemoprophylaxis: Kang Hyun Byeon, Bong Jin Kim, Sun-Mi Kim, Hak Sun Yu, Hae Jin Jeong, Mee-Sun Ock; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):27-32.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.27

Abstract
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The status of Dirofilaria immitis infection was assessed in pet dogs of Busan, Korea, and chemoprophylactic effects of microfilaricidal medication were evaluated. A total of 294 pet dogs older than 6 mo were examined, 217 of which had been maintained indoors, and 77 had been kept outdoors. The Snap^R kit and direct microscopic examinations of the peripheral blood were used. The mean overall parasite positive rates were 10.2% and 6.5%, respectively. Outdoor dogs evidenced adult worm infection rate of 31.2% and microfilaria infection rate of 18.2%. The indoor dogs, however, evidenced adult worm infection rate of 2.8% and microfilaria infection rate of 2.3%. The prevalence in males was more than 2 times that of females. The changing pattern of infection rates by age evidenced a gradual increase, from 2- to 6-year-old dogs, after which, a decrease in infection rates was noted. With regard to chemoprophylaxis, the infection rates of complete and incomplete chemoprophylaxis groups were found to be 2-3 times lower than that of the non-chemoprophylaxis group. The results of the present study indicate that the risk of exposure to D. immitis in pet dogs is quite high, particularly in male outdoor dogs, and chemoprophylactic measures were quite effective.

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Natural occurrence of Mycobacterium as an endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba isolated from a contact lens storage case: Hak Sun Yu, Hae Jin Jeong, Yeon-Chul Hong, Seong-Yong Seol, Dong-Il Chung, Hyun-Hee Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):11-18.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.11

Abstract
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Recent in vitro studies have revealed that a certain Mycobacterium can survive and multiply within free-living amoebae. It is believed that protozoans function as host cells for the intracellular replication and evasion of Mycobacterium spp. under harmful conditions. In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of a bacterium naturally observed within an amoeba isolate acquired from a contact lens storage case. The bacterium multiplied within Acanthamoeba, but exerted no cytopathic effects on the amoeba during a 6-year amoebic culture. Trasnmission electron microscopy showed that the bacteria were randomly distributed within the cytoplasm of trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba. On the basis of the results of 18S rRNA gene analysis, the amoeba was identified as A. lugdunensis. A 16S rRNA gene analysis placed this bacterium within the genus Mycobacterium. The bacterium evidenced positive reactivity for acid-fast and fluorescent acid-fast stains. The bacterium was capable of growth on the Middlebrook 7H11-Mycobacterium-specific agar. The identification and characterization of bacterial endosymbionts of free-living protozoa bears significant implications for our understanding of the ecology and the identification of other atypical mycobacterial pathogens.

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Repertoire of free-living protozoa in contact lens solutions
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Alida R. Ovrutsky, Edward D. Chan, Marinka Kartalija, Xiyuan Bai, Mary Jackson, Sara Gibbs, Joseph O. Falkinham, Michael D. Iseman, Paul R. Reynolds, Gerald McDonnell, Vincent Thomas
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Molecular characterization of bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba isolates from infected corneas of Korean patients: Ying-Hua Xuan, Hak Sun Yu, Hae Jin Jeong, Sung-Yong Seol, Dong-Il Chung, Hyun-Hee Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):1-9.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.1

Abstract
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The endosymbionts of 4 strains of Acanthamoeba (KA/E9, KA/E21, KA/E22, and KA/E23) isolated from the infected corneas of Korean patients were characterized via orcein stain, transmission electron microscopic examination, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Double membrane-bound, rod-shaped endosymbionts were distributed randomly throughout both the trophozoites and cysts of each of Acanthamoeba isolates. The endosymbionts of KA/E9, KA/E22, and KA/E23 were surrounded by electron-translucent areas. No lacunae-like structures were observed in the endosymbionts of KA/E21, the bacterial cell walls of which were studded with host ribosomes. Comparative analyses of the 16S rDNA sequences showed that the endosymbionts of KA/E9, KA/E22 and KA/E23 were closely related to Caedibacter caryophilus, whereas the KA/E21 endosymbiont was assigned to the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB) phylum. In the 4 strains of Acanthamoeba, the hosts of the endosymbionts were identified as belonging to the Acanthamoeba castellanii complex, which corresponds to the T4 genotype. Acanthamoeba KA/E21 evidenced characteristics almost identical to those of KA/E6, with the exception of the existence of endosymbionts. The discovery of these endosymbionts from Acanthamoeba may prove essential to future studies focusing on interactions between the endosymbionts and the amoebic hosts.

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Proteases of Acanthamoeba
Behroz Mahdavi Poor, Jalil Rashedi, Vahid Asgharzadeh, Amirali Mirmazhary, Nazila Gheitarani
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Areum Choi, Ji Won Seong, Jeong Hyun Kim, Jun Young Lee, Hyun Jae Cho, Shin Ae Kang, Mi Kyung Park, Mi Jin Jeong, Seo Yeong Choi, Yu Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu
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The life cycle-dependent transcriptional profile of the obligate intracellular amoeba symbiontAmoebophilus asiaticus
E Selberherr, T Penz, L König, B Conrady, A Siegl, M Horn, S Schmitz-Esser
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Binod Rayamajhee, Dinesh Subedi, Hari Kumar Peguda, Mark Duncan Willcox, Fiona L. Henriquez, Nicole Carnt
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Elham Hajialilo, Mostafa Rezaeian, Maryam Niyyati, Mohammad Reza Pourmand, Mehdi Mohebali, Mehdi Norouzi, Kobra Razavi Pashabeyg, Sassan Rezaie, Sadegh Khodavaisy
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Vinicius José Maschio, Gertrudes Corção, Francielle Bücker, Karin Caumo, Marilise Brittes Rott
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Pilar Goñi, María Teresa Fernández, Encarnación Rubio
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Graeme Neil Paterson, Michael Rittig, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Naveed Ahmed Khan
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Alfonso Iovieno, Dolena R. Ledee, Darlene Miller, Eduardo C. Alfonso
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Eun Chul Kim, Man Soo Kim
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Vincent Thomas, Gerald McDonnell, Stephen P. Denyer, Jean-Yves Maillard
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Eun Chul Kim, Man Soo Kim
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Comparison of specific activity and cytopathic effects of purified 33 kDa serine proteinase from Acanthamoeba strains with different degree of virulence: Won-Tae Kim, Hyun-Hee Kong, Young-Ran Ha, Yeon-Chul Hong, Hae Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu, Dong-Il Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(4):321-330.
Published online December 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.321

Abstract
PDF

The pathogenic mechanism of granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) and amebic keratitis (AK) by Acanthamoeba has yet to be clarified. Protease has been recognized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of GAE and AK. In the present study, we have compared specific activity and cytopathic effects (CPE) of purified 33 kDa serine proteinases from Acanthamoeba strains with different degree of virulence (A. healyi OC-3A, A. lugdunensis KA/E2, and A. castellanii Neff). Trophozoites of the 3 strains revealed different degrees of CPE on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. The effect was remarkably reduced by adding phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), a serine proteinase inhibitor. This result indicated that PMSF-susceptible proteinase is the main component causing cytopathy to HCE cells by Acanthamoeba. The purified 33 kDa serine proteinase showed strong activity toward HCE cells and extracellular matrix proteins. The purified proteinase from OC-3A, the most virulent strain, demonstrated the highest enzyme activity compared to KA/E2, an ocular isolate, and Neff, a soil isolate. Polyclonal antibodies against the purified 33 kDa serine proteinase inhibit almost completely the proteolytic activity of culture supernatant of Acanthamoeba. In line with these results, the 33 kDa serine proteinase is suggested to play an important role in pathogenesis and to be the main component of virulence factor of Acanthamoeba.

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Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolated from amebic keratitis related to orthokeratology lens overnight wear: Sun Joo Lee, Hae Jin Jeong, Ji Eun Lee, Jong Soo Lee, Ying Hua Xuan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Dong-Il Chung, Mee-Sun Ock, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(4):313-320.
Published online December 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.313

Abstract
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In an effort to characterize, on the molecular scale, the Acanthamoeba initially isolated from the cornea of an amoebic keratitis patient associated with overnight-wear orthokeratology lens in Korea, we conducted mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism, 18S rDNA sequencing, and drug sensitivity analyses on the isolate (KA/PE1). The patient was treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide, chlorhexidine and oral itraconazole, which resulted in resolution of the patient's ocular inflammation. The majority of the molecular characteristics of the KA/PE1 were determined to be identical, or quite similar, to those of A. castellanii Ma strain, which had been isolated also from amoebic keratitis. The risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis as a potential complication of overnight orthokeratology is briefly discussed.

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Da-In Lee, Sung Hee Park, Shin-Ae Kang, Do Hyun Kim, Sun Hyun Kim, So Yeon Song, Sang Eun Lee, Hak Sun Yu
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Orthokeratology lens-related Acanthamoeba keratitis: case report and analytical review
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Molecular and biochemical characterization of hemoglobinase, a cysteine proteinase, in Paragonimus westermani: Joon-Hyuck Choi, Jae-Hyuk Lee, Hak-Sun Yu, Hae-Jin Jeong, Jin Kim, Yeon-Chul Hong, Hyun-Hee Kong, Dong-Il Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(3):187-196.
Published online September 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.3.187

Abstract
PDF

The mammalian trematode Paragonimus westermani is a typical digenetic parasite, which can cause paragonimiasis in humans. Host tissues and blood cells are important sources of nutrients for development, growth and reproduction of P. westermani. In this study, a cDNA clone encoding a 47 kDa hemoglobinase of P. westermani was characterized by sequencing analysis, and its localization was investigated immunohistochemically. The phylogenetic tree prepared based on the hemoglobinase gene showed high homology with hemoglobinases of Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma spp. Moreover, recombinant P. westermani hemoglobinase degradaded human hemoglobin at acidic pH (from 3.0 to 5.5) and its activity was almost completely inhibited by E-64, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor. Immunohistochemical studies showed that P. westermani hemoglobinase was localized in the epithelium of the adult worm intestine implying that the protein has a specific function. These observations suggest that hemoglobinase may act as a digestive enzyme for acquisition of nutrients from host hemoglobin. Further investigations may provide insights into hemoglobin catabolism in P. westermani.

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International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2008; 12(6): e49. CrossRef

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Expressed sequence tags analysis of Blattella germanica: Hyang Suk Chung, Tai Hyun Yu, Bong Jin Kim, Sun Mi Kim, Joo Yeong Kim, Hak Sun Yu, Hae Jin Jeong, Mee Sun Ock; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(4):149-156.
Published online December 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.4.149

Abstract
PDF

Four hundred and sixty five randomly selected clones from a cDNA library of Blattella germanica were partially sequenced and searched using BLAST as a means of analyzing the transcribed sequences of its genome. A total of 363 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from 465 clones after editing and trimming the vector and ambiguous sequences. About 42% (154/363) of these clones showed significant homology with other data base registered genes. These new B. germanica genes constituted a broad range of transcripts distributed among ribosomal proteins, energy metabolism, allergens, proteases, protease inhibitors, enzymes, translation, cell signaling pathways, and proteins of unknown function. Eighty clones were not well-matched by database searches, and these represent new B. germanica-specific ESTs. Some genes which drew our attention are discussed. The information obtained increases our understanding of the B. germanica genome.

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Qiao Yang, Zheng Bao, Mingyu Yang, Yongmei Shen, Xiuyue Zhang, Bisong Yue, Yang Meng, Zhenxin Fan
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The role of domestic tap water in Acanthamoeba contamination in contact lens storage cases in Korea: Hae Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(2):47-50.
Published online June 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.2.47

Abstract
PDF

A survey was carried out from August to December 2004 in Pusan, Korea to document the presence of free-living amoeba (FLA), including the genus Acanthamoeba, in both contact lens storage cases and domestic tap water. Acanthamoeba was isolated from 5 (4.2%) in 120 contact lens storage cases. Four house tap water samples from residents, whose contact lens storage cases had been contaminated by Acanthamoeba, were also found to be contaminated with Acanthamoeba. Therefore, the contamination rate of FLA and Acanthamoeba in domestic tap water was investigated in order to examine the role of domestic tap water in Acanthamoeba contamination of contact lens storage cases. FLA and Acanthamoeba were identified in 97 (46.8%) and 16 (7.7%) of the 207 domestic tap water samples, respectively. There were no significant differences between the contamination rates of FLA in tap water according to the filtration plant of origin. No FLA was detected in the tap water directly supplied by the water purification plants. Water storage tanks appear to promote FLA colonization, including Acanthamoeba, in domestic tap water. This increases the risk of Acanthamoeba contamination in contact lens storage cases as well as increasing the risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis.

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Evaluation of taxonomic validity of four species of Acanthamoeba: A. divionensis, A. paradivionensis, A. mauritaniensis, and A. rhysodes, inferred from molecular analyses: Hua Liu, Eun-Kyung Moon, Hak-Sun Yu, Hae-Jin Jeong, Yeon-Chul Hong, Hyun-Hee Kong, Dong-Il Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(1):7-13.
Published online March 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.1.7

Abstract
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The taxonomy of Acanthamoeba spp., an amphizoic amoeba which causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and chronic amoebic keratitis, has been revised many times. The taxonomic validity of some species has yet to be assessed. In this paper, we analyzed the morphological characteristics, nuclear 18s rDNA and mitochondrial 16s rDNA sequences and the Mt DNA RFLP of the type strains of four Acanthamoeba species, which had been previously designated as A. divionensis, A. parasidionensis, A. mauritaniensis, and A. rhysodes. The four isolates revealed characteristic group II morphology. They exhibited 18S rDNA sequence differences of 0.2-1.1% with each other, but more than 2% difference from the other compared reference strains. Four isolates formed a different clade from that of A. castellanii Castellani and the other strains in morphological group II on the phylogenetic tree. In light of these results, A. paradivionensis, A. divionensis, and A. mauritaniensis should be regarded as synonyms for A. rhysodes.

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