Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Jun-Gu Kang"

Brief Communication

Molecular detection of Borrelia theileri in cattle in Korea: Hyeon-Ji Hyung, Yun-Sil Choi, Jinho Park, Kwang-Jun Lee, Jun-Gu Kang; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(1):151-156.
Published online February 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23105

Abstract
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Bovine borreliosis, caused by Borrelia theileri which is transmitted via hard tick bites, is associated with mild clinical symptoms, such as fever, lethargy, hemoglobinuria, anorexia, and anemia. Borrelia theileri infects various animals, such as cattle, deer, horses, goats, sheep, and wild ruminants, in Africa, Australia, and South America. Notably, no case of B. theileri infection has been reported in Korean cattle to date. In this study, 101 blood samples were collected from a Korean indigenous cattle breed, among which 1.98% tested positive for B. theileri via nested PCR. The obtained sequences exhibited high homology with B. theileri strains identified in other regions. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA confirmed the B. theileri group affiliation; however, flagellin B sequences exhibited divergence, potentially due to regional evolutionary differences. This study provides the first molecular confirmation of B. theileri infection in Korean livestock. Further isolation and nucleotide sequence analyses are necessary to better understand the presence of B. theileri strains in cows in Korea.

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Nationwide Geographical and Temporal Distribution of Tick-Borne Diseases in Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus)
Beoul Kim, Su-Jin Chae, You-Jeong Lee, Haksub Shin, Sunmin Kwak, Hyesung Jeong, Suwoong Lee, Dongmi Kwak, Min-Goo Seo
Animals.2025; 15(10): 1499. CrossRef
Circulation of tick-borne pathogens in wildlife of the Republic of Korea
Hye-ryung Byun, Seong-Ryeong Ji, Jun-Gu Kang, Chang-Yong Choi, Ki-Jeong Na, Jong-Taek Kim, Joon-Seok Chae
One Health.2024; 19: 100913. CrossRef

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Case Report

Two Clinical Cases of Feline Hemoplasmosis in Korea: Young Ju Kim, Hyeona Bae, Sun Woo Shin, ARom Cho, Yeseul Jeon, Tae-Sung Hwang, Dong-In Jung, Dae Young Kim, Jun-Gu Kang, DoHyeon Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(2):127-131.
Published online April 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.2.127

Feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis (hemoplasmosis) is an infection of the red blood cells caused by the Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm), and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt). The existence of Mhf, CMhm, and CMt has been demonstrated in feral cats in Korea using molecular methods, but no clinical cases have yet been reported. This study reports 2 clinical cases of hemotropic mycoplasmosis caused by CMhm and CMt in 2 anemic cats. The first case was a client-owned intact female domestic shorthair cat that presented with fever, pale mucous membranes, and normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia. Prior to referral, an immunosuppressive prednisolone dose was administered at the local veterinary clinic for 1 month. The cat was diagnosed with high-grade alimentary lymphoma. Organisms were found on the surface of the red blood cells on blood smear examination. The second case was of a rescued cat that presented with dehydration and fever. The cat had normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia. Necropsy revealed concurrent feline infectious peritonitis. Polymerase chain reaction assay targeting 16S rRNA revealed CMhm infection in case 1 and dual infection of CMhm and CMt in case 2. Normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia was observed in both cats before and during the management of the systemic inflammation. This is the first clinical case report in Korea to demonstrate CMhm and CMt infections in symptomatic cats.

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Molecular Investigation and Characterization of Mycoplasma spp. infections in Naturally Infected Cats in Thailand
Kiattisak Pimpjong, Kanokwan Ratyotha, Thanvarat Rungruang, Napaporn Thongpriam, Kotchaphon Vaisusuk, Supawadee Piratae
Acta Parasitologica.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in the Republic of Korea: Jun-Gu Kang, Yoon-Kyoung Cho, Young-Sun Jo, Sun-Woo Han, Jeong-Byoung Chae, Jung-Eun Park, Hyesung Jeong, Weon-Hwa Jheong, Joon-Seok Chae; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(1):65-71.
Published online February 23, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.1.65

Abstract
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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a zoonotic, tick-borne RNA virus of the genus Bandavirus (Family Phenuiviridae), mainly reported in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (Korea). For the purpose of this study, a total of 3,898 adult and nymphal ticks of species Haemaphysalis longicornis (94.2%), Haemaphysalis flava (5.0%), Ixodes nipponensis (0.8%), and 1 specimen of Ixodes ovatus, were collected from the Deogyusan National Park, Korea, between April 2016 and June 2018. A single-step reverse transcriptase–nested PCR was performed, targeting the S segment of the SFTSV RNA. Total infection rate (IR) of SFTSV in individual ticks was found to be 6.0%. Based on developmental stages, IR was 5.3% in adults and 6.0% in nymphs. The S segment sequences obtained from PCR were divided into 17 haplotypes. All haplotypes were phylogenetically clustered into clades B-2 and B-3, with 92.7% sequences in B-2 and 7.3% in B-3. These observations indicate that the Korean SFTSV strains were closer to the Japanese than the Chinese strains. Further epidemiological studies are necessary to better understand the characteristics of the Korean SFTSV and its transmission cycle in the ecosystem.

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Bingyan Liu, Tengfei He, Changtai Wang, Guomei Xia, Shijun Zhou, Shanshan Sun, Xinlei Chen, Xiaodan Hong, Jie Zhu, Zhenhua Zhang
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Mark Anthony B. Casel, Jeong Ho Choi, Hyunwoo Jang, Seung-gyu Jang, Juryeon Gil, Rare Rollon, So-youn Cheun, Isaac Choi, Eun-ha Kim, Young-Il Kim, Young Ki Choi
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Ze Chen, Manoj Baranwal, Albert A. Rizvanov, Mohammed Okely, Svetlana F. Khaiboullina
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Comparative population genetic structure of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene of Haemaphysalis flava (Acari: Ixodidae) between Nantong, China, and regions along the East Asia-Australasian Flyway
Jing Su, Wei-Bing Zhang, Bin Sun, Xin Zhang, Yun-Peng Zhai, Jian-Ming Yuan
Experimental and Applied Acarology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A new record of Ixodes ovatus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from the Kingdom of Bhutan
Satoshi Shimano, Shimpei F. Hiruta, Tsukasa Waki, Indra Prasad Acharja, Pema Khandu, Jigme Tshering, Tshering Dorji, Takeo Yamauchi
Journal of the Acarological Society of Japan.2025; 34(1): 11. CrossRef
First Report of Bandavirus dabieense in Bats and Ticks Collected from Bat Habitats
Hye-Ryung Byun, Su-Jin Chae, Seong-Ryeong Ji, Jaehyoung Chong, Chul-Un Chung, Bumseok Kim, Hyesung Jeong, Joon-Seok Chae
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2025; 25(11): 671. CrossRef
Viruses and Ticks: An Integrative Review of Virological Findings in Ticks
Lucas Henrique da Silva e Silva, Fábio Silva da Silva, Daniel Damous Dias, Sâmia Luzia Sena da Silva, Lucia Aline Moura Reis, Hanna Carolina Farias Reis, Bruna Laís Sena do Nascimento, Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
Arthropoda.2025; 3(4): 16. CrossRef
Molecular Prevalence and Phylogeny of Tick‐Borne Viruses in Meat and Dairy Products in the Republic of Korea
Yeeun Seo, Md. Iqbal Hossain, Zhaoqi Wang, Daseul Yeo, Soontag Jung, Seoyoung Woo, Yuan Zhang, Min Suk Rhee, Changsun Choi, Daniel Diaz
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Dogs
Seok-Chan Park, Da-Eun Jeong, Sun-Woo Han, Joon-Seok Chae, Joo-Yong Lee, Hyun-Sook Kim, Bumseok Kim, Jun-Gu Kang
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(4): 327. CrossRef
Molecular surveillance of zoonotic pathogens from wild rodents in the Republic of Korea
Kyoung-Seong Choi, Sunwoo Hwang, Myung Cheol Kim, Hyung-Chul Cho, Yu-Jin Park, Min-Jeong Ji, Sun-Woo Han, Joon-Seok Chae, Colleen B. Jonsson
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(7): e0012306. CrossRef
Double-Stranded RNA-Based Method for Diagnosing Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia
Jung Wan Park, Jaemin Jeon, Yoosik Kim, Min Hyok Jeon
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(1): 105. CrossRef
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from ticks: a molecular epidemiological study of a patient in the Republic of Korea
Seong Yoon Kim, Choong Won Seo, Hee Il Lee
Experimental and Applied Acarology.2023; 89(2): 305. CrossRef
Coinfection of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus and Coxiella burnetii in Developmental Stage of Hard Ticks in Subtropical Region of Korea
Jeong Rae Yoo, Sang Taek Heo, Misun Kim, Miyeon Kim, Myeong Jin Kang, Eui Tae Kim, Su Yeon Kang, Keun Hwa Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Transcriptome analysis of Haemaphysalis flava female using Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing: de novo assembly, functional annotation and discovery of SSR markers
Min Kyu Sang, Hongray Howrelia Patnaik, Jie Eun Park, Dae Kwon Song, Jun Yang Jeong, Chan Eui Hong, Yong Tae Kim, Hyeon Jun Shin, Liu Ziwei, Hee Ju Hwang, So Young Park, Se Won Kang, Seung-Hwan Park, Sung-Jae Cha, Jung Ho Ko, E. Hyun Shin, Hong Seog Park,
Parasites & Vectors.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
SFTSV infection in rodents and their ectoparasitic chiggers
Xiao-Lan Gu, Wen-Qing Su, Chuan-Min Zhou, Li-Zhu Fang, Ke Zhu, Dong-Qiang Ma, Fa-Chun Jiang, Ze-Min Li, Dan Li, Shu-Hui Duan, Qiu-Ming Peng, Rui Wang, Yuan Jiang, Hui-Ju Han, Xue-Jie Yu, Masayuki Saijo
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(8): e0010698. CrossRef

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Case Report

Clinical Case of a Transfusion-Associated Canine Mycoplasma haemocanis Infection in the Republic of Korea: A Case Report: Jihu Kim, Donghwan Lee, Eunchae Yoon, Hyeona Bae, Daseul Chun, Jun-Gu Kang, Dong-In Jung, Do-Hyeon Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):565-569.
Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.565

Abstract
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This report describes the first clinical case of a transfusion-associated Mycoplasma haemocanis infection in a dog in Korea. A 6-year-old male Maltese underwent a red blood cell transfusion for idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Eighteen days after the blood transfusion, the recipient’s packed cell volume decreased and basophilic organisms were found on erythrocytes. A polymerase chain reaction and sequential analysis showed that both the donor dog and recipient dog had M. haemocanis. Six weeks after doxycycline administration, no organisms were detected and the recipient’s anemia had improved.

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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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6 Web of Science
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Brief Communication

Epidemiological Investigation of Tick Species from Near Domestic Animal Farms and Cattle, Goat, and Wild Boar in Korea: Jeong-Byoung Chae, Young-Sun Cho, Yoon-Kyoung Cho, Jun-Gu Kang, Nam-Shik Shin, Joon-Seok Chae; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(3):319-324.
Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.319

Abstract
PDF

This study aimed to investigate the tick species and give background for tick-borne investigations in Korea. Ticks were collected from the area within 2 km radius of the 4 domestic animal farms, where they were located in mountainous areas and raising animals on pasture, and from animal bodies in 2014 and 2015. In total, 7,973 nymphal and adult ticks were collected from the farms - 7,758 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 198 Haemaphysalis flava, and 17 Ixodes nipponensis, and 1,763 were collected from animals - 729 H. longicornis from cattle; 569 H. longicornis from goats; and 297 H. longicornis, 118 H. flava, 1 I. nipponensis, and 49 Amblyomma testudinarium from wild boars. As more species of ticks were collected from wild boars than domesticated animals and their habitats, various animal hosts should be considered while investigating tick species.

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First genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Okutama tick virus in a tick collected from a raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in South Korea
Junho Yoon, Minjoo Yeom, Hai Quynh Do, Kyungmoon Lee, Jong-Woo Lim, Young Deok Suh, Do Na Lee, So-Eun Ryu, Jang-Hee Han, Dae Gwin Jeong, Seong Chan Yeon, Daesub Song
Virology Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Diel Activity Pattern of Haemaphysalis longicornis and Its Relationship with Climatic Factors
Byung-Eon Noh, Gi-hun Kim, Hak Seon Lee, Hyunwoo Kim, Hee-Il Lee
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Mohammad Saiful Islam, Md. Samiul Haque, Myung-Jo You
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Li-Zhu Fang, Xiao Xiao, Si-Cong Lei, Jian-Wei Liu, Xue-Jie Yu
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Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2022; 46(2): 526. CrossRef
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A-Tai Truong, Bo-Ram Yun, Mi-Sun Yoo, Jiyeon Lim, Subin Min, Soon-Seek Yoon, Young-Min Yun, Jong-Taek Kim, Yun Sang Cho
BMC Veterinary Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Heidi K. St. John, Penny Masuoka, Ju Jiang, Ratree Takhampunya, Terry A. Klein, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Jin-Won Song, Yu-Jin Kim, Christina M. Farris, Allen L. Richards
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Original Article

Identification of Tick Species Collected from Wild Boars and Habitats of Wild Boars and Domestic Pigs in the Republic of Korea: Jeong-Byoung Chae, Jun-Gu Kang, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, In-Yong Lee, Nam-Shik Shin, Joon-Seok Chae; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):185-191.
Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.185

Abstract
PDF

Tick is one of the most important arthropods in the transmission of vector-borne diseases. In this study, we investigated the abundance and species of ticks associated with swine and their habitats to assess the risk of spread of tick-borne diseases in host species, such as wild boars. Ticks were collected from 24 grazing or traditionally reared domestic pig farms and 8 habitats of wild boars in 8 provinces and 1 city in the Republic of Korea, by using the dragging and flagging methods. Ticks were also collected directly from 49 wild boars by using fine forceps. A total of 9,846 hard ticks were collected, including 4,977 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 4,313 Haemaphysalis flava, 508 Ixodes nipponensis, 1 Ixodes turdus, and 47 Amblyomma testudinarium. A total of 240 hard ticks were collected from 49 wild boars, including 109 H. flava, 84 H. longicornis, and 47 A. testudinarium. A total of 578 hard ticks were collected from areas around domestic pig farms. Only 2 hard tick species, 546 H. longicornis and 32 H. flava, were collected from these areas. A total of 9,028 hard ticks were collected from wild boars of 8 habitats, including 4,347 H. longicornis, 4,172 H. flava, 508 I. nipponensis, and 1 I. turdus. A. testudinarium was collected only from wild boars, and I. nipponensis and I. turdus were collected only from the habitats of wild boars.

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Brief Communications

Prevalence of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. in Ticks Collected from Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus): Jun-Gu Kang, Sungjin Ko, Heung-Chul Kim, Sung-Tae Chong, Terry A. Klein, Jeong-Byoung Chae, Yong-Sun Jo, Kyoung-Seong Choi, Do-Hyeon Yu, Bae-Keun Park, Jinho Park, Joon-Seok Chae; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):87-91.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.87

Abstract
PDF

Deer serve as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens that impact on medical and veterinary health worldwide. In the Republic of Korea, the population of Korean water deer (KWD, Hydropotes inermis argyropus) has greatly increased from 1982 to 2011, in part, as a result of reforestation programs established following the Korean War when much of the land was barren of trees. Eighty seven Haemaphysalis flava, 228 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 8 Ixodes nipponensis, and 40 Ixodes persulcatus (21 larvae, 114 nymphs, and 228 adults) were collected from 27 out of 70 KWD. A total of 89/363 ticks (266 pools, 24.5% minimum infection rate) and 5 (1.4%) fed ticks were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum using nested PCR targeting the 16S rRNA and groEL genes, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of 88/89 (98.9%) of positive samples for A. phagocytophilum corresponded to previously described gene sequences from KWD spleen tissues. The 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of 20/363 (5.5%) of the ticks were positive for A. bovis and were identical to previously reported sequences. Using the ITS specific nested PCR, 11/363 (3.0%) of the ticks were positive for Bartonella spp. This is the first report of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. detected in ticks collected from KWD, suggesting that ticks are vectors of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. between reservoir hosts in natural surroundings.

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Ticks Collected from Selected Mammalian Hosts Surveyed in the Republic of Korea During 2008-2009: Heung Chul Kim, Sang Hoon Han, Sung Tae Chong, Terry A. Klein, Chang-Yong Choi, Hyun-Young Nam, Hee-Young Chae, Hang Lee, Sungjin Ko, Jun-Gu Kang, Joon-Seok Chae; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):331-335.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.331

Abstract
PDF

A tick survey was conducted to determine the relative abundance and distribution of ticks associated with selected mammals in the Republic of Korea (ROK) during 2008-2009. A total of 918 ticks were collected from 76 mammals (6 families, 9 species) captured at 6 provinces and 3 Metropolitan Cities in ROK. Haemaphysalis longicornis (54.4%) was the most frequently collected tick, followed by Haemaphysalis flava (28.5%), Ixodes nipponensis (7.6%), Ixodes pomerantzevi (4.8%), Ixodes persulcatus (4.6%), and Haemaphysalis japonica (0.1%). Adults (57.0%) and nymphs (28.7%) of Ixodes and Haemaphysalis spp. were collected most frequently from medium or large mammals in this survey, while few larvae (14.3%) were collected. Hydropotes inermis was the most frequently captured mammal (52.6%), with a 16.4 tick index and 5 of 6 species of ticks collected during this survey. H. longicornis (69.7%) was the predominant tick collected from H. inermis, followed by H. flava (22.2%), I. persulcatus (6.1%), I. nipponensis (1.8%), and H. japonica (0.2%).

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Korean Journal of Veterinary Service.2016; 39(2): 75. CrossRef
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Journal of Veterinary Science.2015; 16(3): 385. CrossRef
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Emerging Infectious Diseases.2014; 20(8): 1358. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(3): 281. CrossRef
The efficacy of avermectins (ivermectin, doramectin and abamectin) as treatments for infestation with the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis on rabbits in Korea
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