Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Kun-Ho Song"

Brief Communications

Molecular Detection of Giardia intestinalis from Stray Dogs in Animal Shelters of Gyeongsangbuk-do (Province) and Daejeon, Korea: Jin-Cheol Shin, Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes, Sang-Hun Kim, Suk Kim, Hyung-Jin Park, Kyoung-Won Seo, Kun-Ho Song; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):477-481.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.477

Abstract
PDF

Giardia is a major public health concern and considered as reemerging in industrialized countries. The present study investigated the prevalence of giardiosis in 202 sheltered dogs using PCR. The infection rate was 33.2% (67/202); Gyeongsangbuk-do and Daejeon showed 25.7% (39/152, P<0.0001) and 56% (28/50), respectively. The prevalence of infected female dogs (46.7%, P<0.001) was higher than in male dogs (21.8%). A higher prevalence (43.5%, P<0.0001) was observed in mixed breed dogs than purebred (14.1%). Although most of the fecal samples collected were from dogs of ≥1 year of age which showed only 27.4% positive rate, 61.8% (P<0.001) of the total samples collected from young animals (<1 year of age) were positive for G. intestinalis. A significantly higher prevalence in symptomatic dogs (60.8%, P<0.0001) was observed than in asymptomatic dogs (23.8%). Furthermore, the analysis of nucleotide sequences of the samples revealed that G. intestinalis Assemblages A and C were found in the feces of dogs from Gyeongsangbuk-do and Daejeon. Since G. intestinalis Assemblage A has been known to infect humans, our results suggest that dogs can act as an important reservoir of giardiosis in Korea. Hence, hygienic management should be given to prevent possible transmission to humans.

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Biomedical Science Letters.2025; 31(2): 218. CrossRef
Prevalence and genotype analysis of Cryptosporidium and Giardia duodenalis from shelter dogs in South Korea
Chi Sun Yun, Bo-Youn Moon, Kichan Lee, Seok Ha Hwang, Bok-Kyung Ku, Mi-Hye Hwang
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Multilocus genotyping and risk factor analysis of Giardia duodenalis in dogs in Korea
Ha-Young Kim, Haeseung Lee, Seung-Hun Lee, Min-Goo Seo, Seonju Yi, Jong Wan Kim, Chung Hyun Kim, Yu-Ran Lee, ByungJae So, Oh-Deog Kwon, Dongmi Kwak
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Lynne S. Garcia, Michael Arrowood, Evelyne Kokoskin, Graeme P. Paltridge, Dylan R. Pillai, Gary W. Procop, Norbert Ryan, Robyn Y. Shimizu, Govinda Visvesvara
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Jing Jiang, Jian-Gang Ma, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Peng Xu, Guangyu Hou, Quan Zhao, Xiao-Xuan Zhang
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2018; 11(5): 723. CrossRef
The presence of Giardia intestinalis in donkeys, Equus asinus, in China
Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Fu-Kai Zhang, Fa-Cai Li, Jun-Ling Hou, Wen-Bin Zheng, Shuai-Zhi Du, Quan Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu
Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Zoonotic Parasites of Sheltered and Stray Dogs in the Era of the Global Economic and Political Crisis
Domenico Otranto, Filipe Dantas-Torres, Andrei D. Mihalca, Rebecca J. Traub, Michael Lappin, Gad Baneth
Trends in Parasitology.2017; 33(10): 813. CrossRef
Detection of small number of Giardia in biological materials prepared from stray dogs
Leila Esmailikia, Elahe Ebrahimzade, Parviz Shayan, Narges Amininia
Acta Parasitologica.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular typing of canine Giardia duodenalis isolates from Minas Gerais, Brazil
Natália M.N. Fava, Rodrigo M. Soares, Luana A.M. Scalia, Maria Júlia Rodrigues da Cunha, Elaine S.M. Faria, Márcia Cristina Cury
Experimental Parasitology.2016; 161: 1. CrossRef
Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia intestinalis assemblage C and D in farmed raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides, in China
Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Wen-Bin Zheng, Jian-Gang Ma, Qiu-Xia Yao, Yang Zou, Cai-Jia Bubu, Quan Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu
Parasites & Vectors.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis Infection in Stray Cats by Nested PCR in Korea: Hyung-Jin Park, Sang-Eun Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Jung-Hyun Oh, Easwaran Maheswaran, Kyoung-Won Seo, Kun-Ho Song; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(6):691-694.
Published online December 23, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.6.691

Abstract
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The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey of Dirofilaria immitis infection among stray cats in Korea using nested PCR. We included 235 stray cats (121 females and 114 males) and evaluated each for the presence of feline heartworm infection. Blood samples were collected from 135 cats in Daejeon, 50 cats in Seoul, and 50 cats from Gyeonggi-do (Province). Of the 235 DNA samples, 14 (6.0%) were positive for D. immitis. The prevalence of infection in male cats (8/114, 7.0%) tended to be higher than that in female cats (6/121, 5.0%), but the difference was not statistically significant. In each location, 8, 2, and 4 cats were positive for infection, respectively, based on DNA testing. No significant differences in the prevalence were observed among the geographic regions, although the rate of infection was higher in Gyeonggi-do (8.0%) than Daejeon (5.9%) and Seoul (4.0%). We submitted 7 of the 14 D. immitis DNA-positive samples for sequencing analysis. All samples corresponded to partial D. immitis cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences with 99% homology to the D. immitis sequence deposited in GenBank (accession no. FN391553). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey using nested PCR to analyze the prevalence of D. immitis in stray cats in Korea.

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Evidence of Dirofilaria immitis in Felids in North-Eastern Italy
Marika Grillini, Antonio Frangipane di Regalbono, Cinzia Tessarin, Paola Beraldo, Rudi Cassini, Erica Marchiori, Giulia Simonato
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Carl Adagra, Richard Squires, Angela Adagra, Jennifer Elliman, Constantin Constantinoiu
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2021; 24: 100580. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in Cats from Liaoning Province, Northeastern China
Honglie Hou, Lili Cao, Wenzhi Ren, Dansheng Wang, He Ding, Juan You, Xinhua Yao, Hang Dong, Yanbing Guo, Shuxian Yuan, Xichen Zhang, Pengtao Gong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(6): 673. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii, Dirofilaria immitis, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections in stray and pet cats (Felis catus) in northwest China: co-infections and risk factors
Wei Cong, Qing-Feng Meng, Radu Blaga, Isabelle Villena, Xing-Quan Zhu, Ai-Dong Qian
Parasitology Research.2016; 115(1): 217. CrossRef

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Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Pet Rabbits in Korea: Jin-Cheol Shin, Dae-Geun Kim, Sang-Hun Kim, Suk Kim, Kun-Ho Song; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(3):321-323.
Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.321

Abstract
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Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a microsporidian parasite commonly found in rabbits that can infect humans, causing encephalitozoonosis. The prevalence of encephalitozoonosis is not well documented, even when many clinics suspect pet rabbits as being highly infected. This study investigated the seropositivity of E. cuniculi using ELISA. The examination of 186 rabbits using ELISA showed that 22.6% (42/186) were seropositive against E. cuniculi. In analysis with healthy status, all 42 seropositive sera were collected from clinically normal rabbits. Moreover, the gender and age of pet rabbits did not have anysignificant effect on E. cuniculi infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the seroprevalence of E. cuniculi in pet rabbits and suggests that pet rabbits could act as an important reservoir of encephalitozoonosis for both pet animals and humans in Korea.

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Tomás Rodrigues Magalhães, Filipe Fontes Pinto, Felisbina Luisa Queiroga
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Ozcan Ozkan, Alper Karagoz, Nadir Kocak
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Shuai Wang, Zhijun Yao, Lingjuan Li, Yaoqian Pan, Pengju Li, Xiaoxu Nan, Qing Xie, Zhenchao Zhang
Parasite.2018; 25: 9. CrossRef
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Jing Jiang, Jian-Gang Ma, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Peng Xu, Guangyu Hou, Quan Zhao, Xiao-Xuan Zhang
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Molecular Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Northeastern China
Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Jing Jiang, Ya-Nan Cai, Chun-Feng Wang, Peng Xu, Gui-Lian Yang, Quan Zhao
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Case Report

Ectopic Migration of an Adult Heartworm in a Dog with Dirofilariasis: Hyun-Wook Oh, Hyung-Kyou Jun, Myung-Jo You, Mineo Hayasaki, Kun-Ho Song; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(3):171-173.
Published online September 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.3.171

Abstract
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A 3-yr-old female mongrel dog was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University in the Republic of Korea. An adult heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, was found in the abdominal cavity of the dog during spaying. Dirofilariasis in this dog was also diagnosed by modified Knott's test, ELISA test, and PCR analysis. The present case is the first report on the migration of an adult dog heartworm to the abdominal cavity of a dog in the Republic of Korea.

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Two cases of ectopic dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria immitis in subconjunctival and subcutaneous tissues in dogs
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Marco Pierantozzi, Giada Di Giulio, Donato Traversa, Giovanni Aste, Angela Di Cesare
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A. Chikweto, M.I. Bhaiyat, M. Lanza-Perea, S. Veytsman, K. Tiwari, C. De Allie, R.N. Sharma
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Original Article

Prevalence of Theileria sergenti infection in Korean native cattle by polymerase chain reaction: Kun-Ho Song, Byung-Chan Sang; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(3):141-145.
Published online September 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.3.141

Abstract
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This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of theileriosis and to compare the prevalence of this disease in Korean native cattle reared under different environmental conditions, namely, in a grazing area and a non-grazing area by polymerase chain reaction. Three hundred and one Korean native cattle (276 cows and 25 bulls) that had not received prior treatment or been vaccinated to prevent theileriosis were examined by PCR for Theileria sergenti infection from 2001 to 2002. In our study, the parasitemia range in T. sergenti-positive cattle by microscopy were from 0.1 to 3% (mean 0.8%). In terms of mean prevalence, 204 of the 301 Korean native cattle (67.8%) were positive reaction by PCR. Our results also revealed that the infection rate among cows (70.3%) was significantly higher than that among bulls (40.0%) (p < 0.01). T. sergenti infection among the over 3 year-old-group (75%) had a significant higher prevalence than that among the less than 3 year-old-group (61.8%) (p < 0.05). Our data also showed that grazing areas (76.1%) had the significant higher prevalence than non-grazing areas (51%) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the prevalence of T. sergenti infection is high and that its prevalence in grazing cattle is higher than that in non-grazing cattle. Therefore, life-long treatment and the development of an optimal vaccine are needed to reduce the numbers of bovine theileriosis in both grazing and non-grazing areas.

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Kyoung-Seong Choi, Do-Hyeon Yu, Joon-Seok Chae, Bae-Keun Park, Jae-Gyu Yoo, Jinho Park
Preventive Veterinary Medicine.2016; 127: 77. CrossRef
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Jae-Cheong Cho, Woo-Jin Jeon, Seon-Soo Kim, Seong-Guk Kim
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Molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in ticks from grazing cattle in Korea
Seung Won Kang, Huong Thi Thanh Doan, Se Eun Choe, Jin Hyeong Noh, Mi Sun Yoo, Kondreddy Eswar Reddy, Young Ha Kim, Chang Hee Kweon, Suk Chan Jung, Ki Yoon Chang
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Min-Goo Seo, Jae-Cheu Do, Min-Hee Cho, Hee-Jin Seo, Joong-Kew Kim, Young-Hoan Kim, No-Chan Park, Dong-Mi Kwak
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L.X. Wang, L. He, R. Fang, Q.Q. Song, P. Tu, A. Jenkins, Y.Q. Zhou, J.L. Zhao
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Brief Communication

Cross-reactivity between sera from dogs experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis and crude extract of Toxocara canis: Kun-Ho Song, Mineo Hayasaki, Kyu-Woan Cho, Sang-Eun Lee, Duck-Hwan Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2002;40(4):195-198.
Published online December 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2002.40.4.195

Abstract
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This study was performed to investigate whethere there is cross-reactivity between Dirofilaria immitis and three intestinal nematodes of dogs. In ELISA, D. immitis-infected dog sera obtained at the 4th molting stage (9-11 weeks) and microfilaremic stage (25-30 weeks) were shown to be highly reactive with crude extract of T. canis. In immunoblotting, some antigenic fractions, 44, 57, 88, 100 kDa of crude extract of T. canis, were found to be positive reaction with sera of dogs infected with D. immitis. However, little or no cross-reaction were observed between sera of D. immitis-infected dogs and crude extract antigen of T. vulpis or A. caninum. These result suggest that there are partial cross reaction between sera of D. immitis-infected dogs and the antigen of T. canis.

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